Attitudes Flashcards
Define attitude
A value aimed at an attitude object.
- It is an opinion
How are attitudes formed?
- Past experiences
- Socialisation
- Social learning
- Media
What words are associated with a bad attitude?
- Rude
- Unmotivated
- Reserved
What words are associated with a good attitude?
- Enthusiastic
- Motivated
- Willing
How may past experiences influence attitude
A poor perception of sport (previously formed) may lead to low self confidence and belief, therefore a low attitude
Give an example of how past experiences may form attitudes
Being sent off during a hockey match may cause a negative attitude against the ref due to a poor perception of behaviour.
How does socialisation influence attitude?
People like to fit in with cultural norms surrounding them
Give an example of how socialisation may form attitudes
Cricket in India is a cultural norm, therefore more people will participate in cricket
How does social learning influence attitude?
As people will imitate the attitudes of significant others, e.g. parents, coaches etc.
Give an example of how social learning influences attitude
A parent may continuously excuse their child from PE/sport and not expose them to any opportunities within sport -> therefore causing their child to form a negative attitude towards sport
How does media influence attitude?
High profile role models, social media, TV all display different attitudes. For example racism in football may be displayed on TV - which may cause a younger audience (more susceptible) to develop this attitude.
Give an example of how media may form attitudes
For example racism in football may be displayed on TV - which may cause a younger audience (more susceptible) to develop this attitude.
What are the three components of an attitude?
Affective, cognitive, and behavioural
What is the affective part of an attitude
Feelings and emotions
What is the cognitive part of an attitude
What you think
What is the behavioural part of an attitude
What you do
Why is it important to change attitudes?
Positive attitudes need to be encouraged so performers maintain motivation and effort to continue to take part in the activity.
What are the two concepts used to change attitude?
Cognitive dissonance, persuasive communication
What is cognitive consonance
When all components match, their beliefs, feelings, and emotions are in harmony and their attitude will remain. Can be positive or negative
What is cognitive dissonance
New information given to the performer to cause unease and motivate change
How can a coach use cognitive dissonance
Coach attempts to apply pressure to one or more negative attitudes to make the performer uneasy
Makes them motivated to change their existing attitude = performer questions their current attitude.
What are the 4 ways in which a coach can use cognitive dissonance?
- New information/activity = something new will make them question their current attitudes and become more motivated to change them. (cognitive)
- Fun = making an activity fun will make it more enjoyable - may help change their attitude. (affective)
- Rewards = using rewards as reinforcement may increase turnout and training and at matches if there is a prize for POTW. (behavioural)
- Role models = coach could bring in specialist player to encourage participation
What is persuasive communication
Can be talked into changing their attitudes - but has to be relevant and important. Also needs to be understood.
Person persuading needs to be of a high status.
Timing is vital - discussion after poor performance may make the player realise that something must change.
Individual must want to change
What do positive attitudes give?
Positive outcomes!!
