Theories and Models 1

Question 1

• 3 approaches to understand behaviour:

Answer 1

CBC

2. Cognitive – thoughts or cognitive habits as determinants
3. Behavioural – conditioning or learning from the environment
4. Cognitive-behavioural – our thoughts influence our emotions and behaviour;
   and our behaviour can affect our thoughts and emotions.
   * Bi-directional

Question 2

Difference between theory and model

Answer 2

Theory
* Explanation of why a phenomenon or behavior occurs.
* Allows us to better understand and predict PA behaviour
* Theory blueprint for effective behavioural intervention

Model
* Visual representation of a phenomenon or behavior
* Do not always indicate … why a behaviour occurs
* Visual representation of the relationship between one or more variables and an
outcome.

Question 3

social ecological model

Answer 3

what affects the reason one isn;t exercising
where is it occuring

Question 4

Self-Efficacy Theory (SET):
Focuses on an individual’s belief in their ability to perform a specific task or behavior.
higher self efficacy leads to…

Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB):
Explains behavior as being influenced by intention, which is shaped by:…

Transtheoretical Model (TTM):
Describes behavior change as a process through 5 stages:

Social Ecological Model (SEM):
Recognizes that behavior is influenced by multiple levels:

Answer 4

Self-Efficacy Theory (SET):
Higher self-efficacy means greater confidence to overcome obstacles and persist in achieving goals.

Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB):
Explains behavior as being influenced by intention, which is shaped by:
- Attitude (how positive or negative you feel about the behavior).
- Subjective Norms (social pressure or expectations).
- Perceived Behavioral Control (belief in your ability to perform the behavior).

Transtheoretical Model (TTM):
Precontemplation (not thinking about change).
Contemplation (considering change).
Preparation (planning to act).
Action (actively making the change).
Maintenance (sustaining the change long-term).

Social Ecological Model (SEM):
Individual (personal factors).
Interpersonal (relationships, social support).
Community (settings like schools or workplaces).
Societal (policies, cultural norms).

Question 5

3 reasons theories are practical

Answer 5

Identify key factors or processes for change

Measure constructs and assess change

Provide a reason for success or failure in a change

Question 6

using theories, explain while 50% of newly exercising adults relapse

Answer 6

identify that they feel scared and unsure where to start

the gym is very far away

not enough time and discipline