Stress and Arousal 3

Question 1

Coping
Defined as …. to manage specific … that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person

Types of Coping
⚬ Problem focused:
￭ Example: Penalty kick -

⚬ Emotion focused:
￭ Example: Penalty kick -

⚬ Avoidance coping:
￭ Example: Penalty kick -

Answer 1

Coping
Defined as ‘efforts’ to manage specific
external or internal demands (and conflicts
between them) that are appraised as taxing or
exceeding the resources of the person

Types of Coping
⚬ Problem focused: efforts aimed at changing the situation
￭ Example: Penalty kick - prep for shot
⚬ Emotion focused: efforts aimed at changing one’s
response to the situation
￭ Example: Penalty kick - getting support from coach
⚬ Avoidance coping: removing self from situation
￭ Example: Penalty kick - don’t watch opponent’s shots

Question 2

Emotion regulation
* The use of strategies to…

• Motives for emotion regulation:
  ⚬ Hedonic =
  ⚬ Instrumental =
• Psychological skills are used to regulate
  emotions

Coping vs. emotion regulation
Coping is primarily aimed at…

while emotion regulation may also include …

Answer 2

Emotion regulation
* The use of strategies to initiate, maintain,
modify (intensity, duration) emotions
* Motives for emotion regulation:
⚬ Hedonic = to feel good
⚬ Instrumental = to serve a purpose,
such as performance
* Psychological skills are used to regulate
emotions

Coping vs. emotion regulation
Coping is primarily aimed at managing negative states

, while emotion regulation may also include augmenting
positive emotions (Jones, 2012)

Question 3

Proactive -
Reactive -

Answer 3

Proactive - before response
Reactive - during response

Question 4

During response, in performance

• Relaxation techniques - …

⚬ PRACTICE TIME!
* Self talk & reframe
⚬ A note re Reframe
* Increasing arousal

Answer 4

• Relaxation techniques - breathing,
  progressive muscle relaxation
  ⚬ PRACTICE TIME!
• Self talk & reframe
  ⚬ A note re Reframe
• Increasing arousal
  (Baldock et al., 2021; Weinberg & Gould,
  2015)

Question 5

Before response, in performance

Pre performance routines
* Planning - i.e., identify potential stressors and
strategies for management head of time
* Directing attention - goal setting
* Visualization

Answer 5

Pre-performance routines
* Planning - i.e., identify potential stressors and
strategies for management head of time
* Directing attention - goal setting
* Visualization

Question 6

Longer term
* Athlete and sport psych practitioner (and
ideally coach) work together to….
* Biofeedback
* Simulate stress in training and practice …
* Physical training - for …

Biofeedback
* Helps people gain awareness of their
nervous system and stress responses -
through measuring …
* Key (as usual): what works for each…

Answer 6

Longer term
* Athlete and sport psych practitioner (and
ideally coach) work together to understand
athlete needs
* Biofeedback
* Simulate stress in training and practice stress
management techniques
* Physical training - for confidence

Biofeedback
* Helps people gain awareness of their
nervous system and stress responses -
through measuring breathing,
heartrate, muscle activity
* Key (as usual): what works for each
athlete