Stress and Arousal 2

Question 1

WHAT
* Lazarus (2000) defines emotion as an “

EMOTION, STRESS, AND ANXIETY
* Lazarus suggests… should be considered together - however, Lazarus more interested in …

• Anxiety is … in response …, but there are several others as well (e.g., fear, anger, guilt - next slide)
• Learning about the … someone is experiencing can tell us more than simply knowing that they are stressed

REMINDER
* Just because something is considered a ‘negative’ emotion, does not mean it will negatively impact performance

Answer 1

WHAT - stress is mismatch between tools and challenge
* Lazarus (2000) defines emotion as an “organized psychophysiological reaction to ongoing relationships with the environment, most often, but not always interpersonal or social” (p. 230)

EMOTION, STRESS, AND ANXIETY
* Lazarus suggests stress and emotion should be considered together - however, Lazarus more interested in emotion

• Anxiety is ONE emotion in response to stress, but there are several others as well (e.g., fear, anger, guilt - next slide)
• Learning about the specific emotion someone is experiencing can tell us more than simply knowing that they are stressed

REMINDER
* Just because something is considered a ‘negative’ emotion, does not mean it will negatively impact performance

Question 2

• Lazarus outlines a number of emotions and how each specifically impacts sport performance… for example:
  ⚬ Anger
  ⚬ Fear
  ⚬ Anxiety
  ⚬ Relief
  ⚬ Happiness

Answer 2

• Lazarus outlines a number of emotions and how each specifically impacts sport performance… for example:
  ⚬ Anger
  ⚬ Fear
  ⚬ Anxiety
  ⚬ Relief
  ⚬ Happiness

Question 3

Negative impact on performance
Muscle tension, fatigue, coordination
Attention & concentration disruptions
Negative self statements
Decreased motivation

emotion negative impact on performance
mad, sad, angry, over confidence

Answer 3

Negative impact on performance
Muscle tension, fatigue, coordination
Attention & concentration disruptions
Negative self statements
Decreased motivation

Question 4

WAYS EMOTION (FEAR) CAN POSITIVELY IMPACT PERFORMANCE
fear in alpine skiing

• Direct …
  ⚬ Fear can ensure…
  ⚬ Decisions around …
  ￭ Sometimes, … is not taken to prevent injury -
  ￭ When a risk is taken - depends on…
  ￭ If going to take risk - …
  ⚬ Increased …

Answer 4

WAYS EMOTION (FEAR) CAN POSITIVELY IMPACT PERFORMANCE

• Direct effort and attention
  ⚬ Fear can ensure respect for the situation and ensure a safe course of action is taken
  ⚬ Decisions around risk taking
  ￭ Sometimes, risk is not taken to prevent injury - Erik Guay
  ￭ When a risk is taken - depends on the situation (e.g., Olympics
  vs. training camp…)
  ￭ If going to take risk - calculated and lots has been done prior to
  the competition to manage
  ⚬ Increased effort and preparation

Question 5

Instrumental emotion regulation
* Use of emotions (incl. negative emotions) to…

• studied instrumental emotion regulation with a survey of 360 runners, finding that 15% of participants felt experiencing…

Interpersonal emotion regulation
* Understanding how individuals deliberately attempt…
* Reasons - instrumental, or for…
* Impact of …

Answer 5

Instrumental emotion regulation
* Use of emotions (incl. negative emotions) to support goal attainment

• studied instrumental emotion regulation with a survey of 360 runners, finding that 15% of participants felt experiencing anger or anxiety enhanced their performance

Interpersonal emotion regulation
* Understanding how individuals deliberately attempt regulate one another’s emotions
* Reasons - instrumental, or for social emotional
* Impact of performance

Question 5