Epidemiology 1 Flashcards
Mastery
- Physical Activity
- Exercise
- Movement
- Physical Activity
Movements causing increased physical exertion beyond normal activities of daily living - Exercise
Leisure-time physical activity undertaken to achieve particular objective – usually
for health benefit - Movement
Value in simply asking/inviting people to “move” more during their daily lif
Changing exercise prescription
help the person understand the benefits of…
determine the benefits the person wants, and then…
additional education that the person isn’t ….. Leading to…
- Understanding benefits of exercise helpful when attempting to modify exercise behaviour.
- By determining exercise benefits individual is seeking, interventions can be better tailored to meet individual needs.
- Additional education may also occur around benefits that the individual isn’t
as aware of - Result?
- Enhanced levels of motivation, commitment, and adherence
Physical Activity Behaviour Globally
% of adults
men
age
increase with…
teens
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION:— Global Action Plan: reduce global inactivity by
72% of adults are NOT meeting guidelines
Trends:— MEN more active than women
Activity level decreases with AGE
Activity levels increases with EDUCATION AND INCOME
81% of adolescents are NOT meeting guidelines
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION:— Global Action Plan: reduce global inactivity by 10% by 2025 and 15% by 2030
adult PA guidelines
150 mins of moderate to vigorous exercise
2 days per week of bone-strengthening activities
7-9 hours
8 hours of sitting
children 1-4 PA
teens PA
28 hours per week
teens spend half that time
video games, income, education
- In the US, PA rates vary tremendously by education level.
- Parents who are high school graduates = ?
- Parents < high school education = ?
- Parents > high school education = ?
- Parents < high school education = 50%
- Parents who are high school graduates = 54%
- Parents > high school education = 68%
Barriers to exercise
- Lack of time* no. 1 reported barrier
- Lack of motivation
- Lack of self-efficacy
- Convenience / availability
- Environmental / ecological
- Physical limitations
- Boredom / lack of enjoyment
Positive psychology
understanding processes that enable people to thrive
How can we use information to increase PA levels
Form connection
tailor it for who they are, kids want to have fun
structured workouts
invite your friends to the gym
instructors motivating students
Epidemiology
of PA?
public health?
informs what…?
the study of patterns of health and disease conditions in defined populations
(everyone wants a bigger fitness centre)
cornerstone of public health
Informs policy decisions and evidence-based medicine by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventative medicine
W’s of epidemiology
Who is engaging – the POPULATION
What form and dose of PA – are they doing?
When are they exercising – time
Where are they exercising – location
Why are they doing it - motivation/reasons
Measurement can be broken into thee categories
Subjective - self report
Objective - HR monitors, pedometres
Observations - observing others or getting someone to observe me in the gym
Limitations of epidemiology PA data
- Definition of PA
- Variation in PA measurement
- Pros and cons of definitions and measures should be given careful consideration in research design and evaluation
- At the end of the day – it’s just DATA…what do we do with this DATA to change
PA levels, via……
policy, environmental change, guideline,s individual behaviour change
Cooper Institute Studies
* Documented relationship between physical fitness and all-cause mortality
(approximately 10,000 men and 3,000 women).
- % lower death rate for high-fit versus low-fit males.
- % lower death rate for high-fit versus low-fit females.
- Men who improved physical fitness experienced a…
when PA, makes you a lot healthier
- 71 % lower death rate for high-fit versus low-fit males.
- 79 % lower death rate for high-fit versus low-fit females.
- Men who improved physical fitness experienced a 44% reduction in
mortality risk
Cost of sedentary behaviour
treating new cases of preventable non-communicable diseases
27 billion annually
300 billion by 2030
Are patterns of PA improving?
Patterns of PA are not improving (i.e., sedentary is up, active is down), and the associated health costs are ENORMOUS
- Where should governments focus to make an impact on activity levels?
- Where should health care systems focus?
- Where should individuals focus?
Exercise psychology defnition
why study exercise psychology
the scientific study of the psychological factors that are associated with participation and performance in sport, exercise and other types of physical activity.
understand antecedents of behaviour
adoption
adherence
noncompliance
psychological consequences of exercise, increase good stuff decrease bad stuff
