The Umbilical Cord

Question 1

the normal umbilical artery should have 2 ___ and 1 ___

Answer 1

2 arteries nad 1 vein

Question 2

what surrounds the umbilical cord

Answer 2

Whartons jelly

Question 3

what is the average length of the umbilical cord

Answer 3

51-61cm

Question 4

are the arteries or veins longer?

Answer 4

arteries

Question 5

the single vein carries ___ blood into the ductus venous

Answer 5

oxygenated

Question 6

what is the fetal pathway of oxygenated blood

Answer 6

• umbilical vein to left portal vein
• left portal vein to ductus venosus
• to left or middle hepatic vein
• to IVC
• to right atrium
• to right ventricle to pulmonary artery
• to ductus arteiosis
• to aorta

Question 7

the two arteries carry ___ blood back to the placenta

Answer 7

deoxygenated

Question 8

the umbilical arteries originate from the ___

Answer 8

iliac arteries

Question 9

normal umbilical artery waveform is ___

Answer 9

low resistance with good diastolic flow

Question 10

the umbilical vein closes off at birth and evolves to form what

Answer 10

ligamentum teres

Question 11

the ACI should be between what two structures

Answer 11

between stomach and bladder

Question 12

___: focally dilated segment of the umbilical vein

Answer 12

umbilical varix

Question 13

umbilical vein thrombosis is associated with what

Answer 13

-maternal diabetes and non immune hydrops

Question 14

___: cord wrapped around fetal neck

Answer 14

nuchal cord

Question 15

___: single umbilical artery present within the cord

Answer 15

2 vessel cord

Question 16

what is the most common umbilical cord anomaly

Answer 16

2 vessel cord

Question 17

2 vessel cord can be associated with what

Answer 17

• GU anomalies
• CNS anomalies
• omphalocele
• cardiac anomalies
• trisomy 13 and 18
• multifetal pregnancy

Question 18

___: more than 3 vessels in the umbilical cord

Answer 18

supernumerary vessels

Question 19

supernumerary vessels are associated with what

Answer 19

• conjoined twins

- singleton pregnancies with multiple anomalies

Question 20

a short umbilical cord is associated with what

Answer 20

• IURGR

- limb body wall complex

Question 21

non coiled cords are associated with what

Answer 21

• fetal anomalies
• aneuploidy
• IUGR
• oligohydramnios
• fetal heart rate decelerates
• preterm delivery
• demise

Question 22

hyper coiled cords are associated with what

Answer 22

• velamentous cord insertion
• single umbilical artery
• fetal anomalies
• aneuploidy
• oligohydramnios
• fetal HR decelerations
• early delivery
• fetal demise
• vascular thrombosis of chorionic plate and umbilical cord thrombosis

Question 23

normally which umbilical vein remains open

Answer 23

left

Question 24

in normal anatomy the umbilical vein curves to the ___ and gallbladder is ___ to the vein

Answer 24

liver and gallbladder is lateral to the vein

Question 25

with PRUV the umbilical vein curves to the ___and the gallbladder is ___ to the vein

Answer 25

stomach and gallbladder is medial to the vein