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Registry Review OB/GYN > Fetal Brian Abnormalities > Flashcards

Fetal Brian Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

the neural tube should close by ___ weeks

A

6

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2
Q

neural tube defects usually have an increase in ____

A

MSAFP

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3
Q

there is an increase risk of NTD with what factors

A
  • maternal obesity
  • poorly controlled maternal diabetes
  • certain anti seizure meds
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4
Q

what are examples of open NTD

A
  • anencephaly
  • myelomeningocele
  • cranioarchischisis
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5
Q

what are examples of closed NTD

A
  • spina bifida
  • occulta
  • spinal cord tethering
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6
Q

___: meninges with or without brain or spinal cord tissue herniates through an opening in the skull or vertebral column

A

herniation NTD

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7
Q

___: buildup of fluid inside the skull leading to brain swelling

A

hydrocephalus

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8
Q

what is the cause of hydrocephalus

A

abnormal CSF drainage or the brain is producing too much CSF

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9
Q

what is the first sign of hydrocephalus

A

dilation of lateral ventricles

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10
Q

hydrocephalus is related to what other conditions

A
  • aqueductal stenosis
  • chiari malformation
  • dandy walker malformation
  • trisomies
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11
Q

if hydrocephalus is caused by aqueduct stenosis then which part of the brain is normal in size

A

4th ventricle

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12
Q

what is the common sign associated with hydrocephalus

A

dangling choroid sign or teardrop ventricles

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13
Q

how is hydrocephalus treated

A

intraventricular shunt from the fetal brain to the peritoneal cavity

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14
Q

___: dilation if the the lateral ventricles only

A

ventriculomegaky

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15
Q

what is the ventricle mmt for mild ventriculomegaly

A

10-15mm

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16
Q

what is the ventricle mmt for moderate ventriculomegaly

A

16-20mm

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17
Q

what is the ventricle mmt for severe ventriculomegaly

A

20mm

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18
Q

what are some possible causes of ventriculomegaly

A
  • brain destruction
  • maldevelopment
  • holoprosencephaly
  • hydranencephaly
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19
Q

ventriculomegaly has been associated with what other things

A
  • polyhydramnios
  • myelomeningocele
  • encephalocele
  • dandy walker malfrormatio
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20
Q

what two signs are associated with chiari malformation

A

banana sign and melon sign

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21
Q

___: displacement of the brain structures of the posterior fossa through the foramen magnum into the cervical canal

A

chiari malformation

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22
Q

___: rare disorder characterized by abnormal fluid filled slits or clefts in the cerebral hemispheres

A

schizencephaly

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23
Q

schizencephaly is strongly associated with what other things

A
  • absent CSP
  • absence of CC
  • septo optic dysplasia
24
Q

___: a posterior fossa cyst superiorly displaces an intact cerebellar vermis

A

Blake pouch cyst

25
Q

___: cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle that protrudes into the fossa

A

dandy walker malformation

26
Q

S/A dandy walker malformation

A
  • cystic structure in posterior fossa
  • CM>10mm
  • splayed cerebrellar lobes
  • enlarged 4th vent
  • ventriculomegaly or hydrcephalus
27
Q

what structure in the brain collects the two hemispheres

A

corpus callous

28
Q

CC should be fully developed by what week

A

18

29
Q

___: enlarged posterior horns and small frontal horns of the lateral ventricles

A

coloprocephaly

30
Q

S/A agenesis. of CC

A
  • coloprocephaly
  • sunburst sign
  • absent pericallosal artery
31
Q

what is the most common finding associated with septa optic dysplasia

A

absence of CSP

32
Q

___: >10mm CM with intact cerebellar vermis

A

megacisterna magna

33
Q

___: abnormalities caused by incomplete cleavage and rotation of the early forebrain

A

holoprosencephaly

34
Q

holoprosencephaly is most commonly seen with trisomy __

A

13

35
Q

what are the different types of holoprosencephaly

A
  • alobar
  • semilobar
  • lobar
36
Q

S/A alobar holoprosencephaly

A
  • single c shaped ventricle
  • absent fal
  • no third ventricle
  • no CSP
37
Q

S/A semi lobar holoprosencephaly

A
  • rudimentary cerebral lobes
  • cerebral hemispheres and ventricles are partially separated
  • incomplete fusion of thalamus
38
Q

S/A lobar holoprosencephaly

A
  • absent CSp

- anterior horns of ventricles remain fused

39
Q

___: abnormally large brain

A

megalencephaly

40
Q

___: multiple cyst formations within the cerebral tissue that can communicate with the ventricle system

A

porencephlaly

41
Q

megalencephaly is associated with what

A
  • beckwith Wiedemann syndrome
  • achondroplasia
  • neurofibromatosis
  • tuberous sclerosis
42
Q

porencephaly is associated with what

A

-intracranial hemorrhage

43
Q

___: smooth brain surface

A

lissencephaly

44
Q

choroid plexus cyst is a normal anatomic variant if what

A

mo other abnormalities are detected

45
Q

AV malformation in the brain

A

vein of Galen aneurysm

46
Q

vein of Galen aneurysm

A
  • hydrops
  • fluid accumulation
  • congestive heart failure
47
Q

___: destruction of cerebral tissue during fetal development

A

hydranencephaly

48
Q

S/A hydranencephaly

A
  • fluid filled sacs of CSF in cranial cavity
  • polyhydramnios
  • varying amounts of tissue may remain as atrophy and necrosis occurs
49
Q

what is a common complication found in premature infants

A

intracranial hemorrhage

50
Q

___: collection of blood outside of the cerebral hemispheres

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

51
Q

intracranial calcifications are usually related to what

A
  • intrauterine infections
  • CMV
  • TORCH
52
Q

what is the most common fetal intracranial abnormality associated with CMV

A

hyperechoic periventricular halo and septations within the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles

53
Q

___: fluid accumulation between the dura and brain tissue

A

intracranial arachnoid cysts

54
Q

what are the most common intracranial tumors

A

teratomas

55
Q

___: enlarged choroid plexuses

A

choroid plexus papillomas

56
Q

choroid plexus papillomas are associated with what

A

ventriclomegaly and enlarged subarachnoid space

Registry Review OB/GYN (31 decks)

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