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Registry Review OB/GYN > Characteristics of Ultrasound System > Flashcards

Characteristics of Ultrasound System Flashcards

1
Q

a single element transducer requires what kind of focusing and steering

A

mechanical

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2
Q

transducer frequency is ____ to penetration and ____ to resolution

A

inversely proportional to penetration and directly related to resolution

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3
Q

high frequency transducers have ___ penetration and ___ resolution

A

poor penetration and improved resolution

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4
Q

what three things are inversely proportional to the transmitted frequency

A

beam width spatial pulse length and pulse duration

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5
Q

___: usually constructed of 5 concentric ring shaped piezoelectric elements that produce a cylindrical beam

A

annuar array

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6
Q

annular array has a ___ shaped image

A

sector

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7
Q

annular array requires what kind of steering

A

mechanical

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8
Q

circular elements allow for electronic focusing in all planes at all depths providing what

A

optimal lateral resolution at all depths of the image

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9
Q

___: elements are arranged in a linear pattern

A

sequential linear array

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10
Q

___: groups of elements are fired at varied times to produce, focus and steer the beam

A

phased linear array

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11
Q

linear arrays have what kind of focusing

A

electronic

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12
Q

what kind of focusing and steering does a curved array ahem

A

electronic

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13
Q

___: contains a large number of linearly arranged rectangular piezoelectric elements

A

sector phased array

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14
Q

which transducer allows multiple focal points at different depths

A

sector

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15
Q

narrow sector widths have a lower line density increasing ___ and ___ but decreasing ___

A

increasing frame rate and temporal resolution but degrading spatial resolution

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16
Q

___: combine a sequence of linear array and phased array techniques to provide a trapezoidal imaging format

A

vector array

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17
Q

what does DICOM stand for

A

digital imaging and communication in medicine

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18
Q

what does PACS stand for

A

picture archival and communication system

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19
Q

what does NAS stand for

A

network attached storage

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20
Q

what does RIS stand for

A

radiology information system

21
Q

what does HIS stand for

A

hospital information system

22
Q

harmonic frequency = what

A

2 times the fundamental frequency

23
Q

___: scanned lines are electronically stirred by the transducer in different directions to evaluate structures using multiple pulses from several different angles

A

spatial compounding

24
Q

what is the only transducer that can use spatial compounding

A

phased

25
Q

what kind of resolution is improved with spatial compounding

A

spatial

26
Q

what resolution is reduced with spatial compounding

A

temporal resolution

27
Q

gain adjusts what

A

amplitude of returned reflection

28
Q

___: created uniform brightness from top of image to bottom

A

TGCs

29
Q

___: adjusts the brightness of the entire image

A

gain

30
Q

focal zones improves ___ at the specific focal depth

A

spatial resolution

31
Q

multiple focal zones improve___ but decrease ___

A

improve lateral resolution but decrease temporal resolution

32
Q

___: ratio of the smallest to the largest signal strength the system can receive and display properly

A

dynamic range

33
Q

the larger the dynamic range the ___ shades of grey on the image

A

more

34
Q

dynamic range affects ___ resolution

A

contrast

35
Q

___: removes the low level echoes from a 2d image or doppler tracing

A

rejection

36
Q

reducing rejection will do what to the image

A

more shades of grey

37
Q

increasing depth decreased what

A

resolution

38
Q

what frequency transducers have the ability to scan deeper structures

A

lower

39
Q

___: number of images displayed per second

A

frame rate

40
Q

if from rate decreases what happens to temporal resolution

A

decreases

41
Q

___: eliminates low frequency doppler shift from display

A

wall filter

42
Q

___: highest velocity in the artery during a cardiac cycle

A

peak systolic

43
Q

___: peak flow velocity in the artery at the end of the cardiac cycle

A

ende diastolic

44
Q

how do you calculate resistive index

A

PSV-EDV divided by PSV

45
Q

the greater the difference between peak and end the higher the ___

A

RI

46
Q

how to figure out pulsatility index

A

PSV - EDV / PSV + EDV

47
Q

___: the maximum frequency that can be displayed is 1/2 PRF

A

nyguist limit

48
Q

what can cause mirror imaging on doppler

A

over use for doppler gain

Registry Review OB/GYN (31 decks)

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