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Registry Review OB/GYN > Embryology and 1st trimester Anatomy > Flashcards

Embryology and 1st trimester Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

ultrasound reports fetal age from ___

A

menstrual dates

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2
Q

when does conception occur

A

2 weeks after last menstruation

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3
Q

the exact date of conception + 2 weeks =_____

A

gestational age

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4
Q

___: sperm or ovum

A

gamete

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5
Q

___: formed by the union of sperm and ovum, single cell

A

zygote

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6
Q

___: cell division occurs and the single cell forms a cluster

A

cleavage

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7
Q

___: cluster of cells formed by zygote division

A

morula

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8
Q

the morello becomes what when it enters the uterine cavity

A

blastocyst

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9
Q

___: well organized cluster of cells surrounded by trophoblastic cells

A

blastocyst

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10
Q

___: produce progesterone and hCG, involved with implantation, develop into chorionic villi then into placenta

A

trophoblastic cells

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11
Q

___: tissue that envelops the blastocyst after implantation

A

decidua capsularis

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12
Q

what portion of the endometrial layer becomes the maternal placenta

A

decidua basalis

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13
Q

the blastocyst attaches to which endometrial layer

A

decidua basalis

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14
Q

the amnion and chorion should fuse completely by what week

A

16

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15
Q

what are the 3 germ layers

A
  • endoderm
  • mesoderm
  • ectoderm
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16
Q

the endoderm forms what

A

respiratory system and GI tract

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17
Q

the mesoderm forms what

A

circulatory and MSK systems

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18
Q

the ectoderm forms what

A

Brian, CNS and skin

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19
Q

at 5 weeks the CRL should be between _____

A

2-4mm

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20
Q

at 6 weeks the CRL should be between ____

A

4-9mm

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21
Q

at 7-8 weeks the CRL should be between ____

A

6-16mm

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22
Q

at 9-10 weeks the CRL should be between ____

A

23-31mm

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23
Q

at 11 weeks the CRL should be between ____

A

41mm

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24
Q

at 12 weeks the CRL should be between ____

A

53-67mm

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25
Q

what is the structure that connects the yolk sac to the fetal pole

A

vitelline duct

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26
Q

what are the functions of the yolk sac

A
  • performs hematopoiesis
  • delivers nutrients
  • produce AFP early in pregnancy
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27
Q

the yolk sac can usually be seen with a TV approach at __ weeks

A

5

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28
Q

the yolk sac must be see with a mean sac diameter of ____(TA & TV)

A
  • TA 20mm

- TV 8mm

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29
Q

what is a normal yolk sac diameter

A

less than 5.6mm

30
Q

what is seen with the double bleb sign

A

amnion and chorion

31
Q

when can you usually see the double bleb sign

A

5.5 weeks, 2mm CRL

32
Q

the yolk sac disappears by ___ weeks

A

12

33
Q

___: yolk sac persists as a diverticulum in the ileum portion of the bowel

A

mocked diverticulum

34
Q

the gestational sac should grow appx __ per day

A

1mm

35
Q

how do you calculate MSD

A

length + width + depth/3

36
Q

how do you calculate gestational age based on MSD

A

MSD + 30

37
Q

a mean sac diameter of ___ you should always visualize a fetal pole (TA & TV)

A
  • TA >25mm

- TV >16mm

38
Q

the embryo usually grows ___ per day

A

1mm

39
Q

how to calculate gestational age in days based on CRL

A

CRL + 42

40
Q

how do you calculate gestational age in weeks based on CRL

A

CRL + 6

41
Q

what is the most accurate method of dating

A

CRL

42
Q

dating is most accurate within the 1st trimester within ___ days

A

5 days

43
Q

3rd trimester dating is accurate within ___ days

A

21 days

44
Q

how do you calculate naegele rule

A

EDD= LMP + 7days +9months

45
Q

at 5 weeks what should you see on the ultrasound

A
  • double decimal sac sign at 5.5-6 weeks
  • double bleb sign
  • fetal pole
  • tiny CRL see with TV
46
Q

what is the first sign of intrauterine pregnancy seen on ultrasound

A

decimal reaction

47
Q

an embryo with a CRL of ___ should always demonstrate cardiac activity

A

7mm

48
Q

at 6 weeks what is a normal heart rate

A

100-115bpm

49
Q

what are the 3 parts of the brain that benign to form at 6 weeks

A
  • prosencephalon
  • mesencephalon
  • rhombencephalon
50
Q

prosencephalon becomes what parts of the brain

A
  • forebrain
  • becomes lateral ventricles
  • cerebrum
  • thalamus
51
Q

the mesencephalon becomes what parts of the brain

A
  • mid brain

- aqueduct of sylvius

52
Q

the rhombencephalon becomes what parts of the brain

A
  • hindbrain
  • pons
  • medulla
  • cerebellum
  • 4th ventricle
53
Q

the rhombencephalon can be visualized as early as ___ weeks

A

7

54
Q

what can you see at 7-8 weeks

A
  • rhombencephalon
  • limb buds
  • fetal thorax/abdomen grows
  • herniation of midgut into base of cord
55
Q

what is the normal heart rate at 9-10 weeks

A

145bpm

56
Q

when is organogenesis complete

A

8 weeks conception or 10 weeks gestational

57
Q

what can be seen on the ultrasound at 11 weeks

A
  • cranium and cerebellum
  • extremities begin to take shape
  • bowel should return to abdominal cavity
58
Q

when is the nuchal translucency measured

A

11-14 weeks

59
Q

when is the herniation of the midgut considered abnormal

A

after 12 weeks

60
Q

fetal biometry should be used for dating after ____

A

12 weeks

61
Q

what are the basic biometry measurements

A
  • BPD
  • HC
  • AC
62
Q

what brain structure divides the brain into two equal halves

A

falx cerebri

63
Q

what is located on each side of the fallx

A

choroid plexus

64
Q

a compressed or absent 4th ventricle has been associated with what

A

spina bifida

65
Q

enlargement of the 4th ventricle can be associated with what

A

dandy walker syndrome

66
Q

the heart should be at a __ degree angle in the chest

A

45

67
Q

a normal ductus venous waveform is ___

A

biphasic with positive or antegrade A wave

68
Q

an abnormal ductus venous waveform demonstrates _____

A

negative or reversed A waveform

69
Q

what is dopplered to asses the uteroplacental impedance and risk of preeclampsia

A

uterine arteries

70
Q

what kind of waveform do the uterine arteries have in the first trimester

A

average velocity with mild diastolic flow

71
Q

what kind of waveform do the uterine arteries have in the 3rd trimester

A

resistance decreases diastolic flow increased and diastolic notch disappears

Registry Review OB/GYN (31 decks)

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