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Registry Review OB/GYN > Physiology of the Uterus and Vagina > Flashcards

Physiology of the Uterus and Vagina Flashcards

1
Q

monarch usually occurs at what age

A

11-14

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2
Q

monarch refers to the onset of ____

A

menses

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3
Q

___: the development of breasts

A

thelarche

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4
Q

menopause usually occurs at what age

A

44-55

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5
Q

premature menopause is considered when menopause occurs before what age

A

40

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6
Q

___: ovulation occurs prior to the age of 8

A

precocious puberty

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7
Q

what often causes precocious puberty

A
  • pituitary or hypothalamic tumors
  • ovarian tumors that secrete estrogen
  • can be idiopathic
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8
Q

which layer of the endometrium is shed in menstruation

A

functional

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9
Q

which layer of the endometrium serves as a source of cell regrowth

A

basalis

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10
Q

arcuate arteries supply blood to what part of the uterus

A

myometroim

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11
Q

what are the two hormones that are secreted by anterior pituitary gland

A
  • follicle stimulating

- luteinizing

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12
Q

gonadotropin releasing hormone is secreted by what

A

hypothalamus

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13
Q

GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to release what hormones?

A
  • FSH

- LH

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14
Q

what hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary gland

A

GnRH

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15
Q

FSH stimulates ___ production

A

estrogen

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16
Q

follicle stimulating hormone is responsible for what

A

follicle and ova maturation

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17
Q

luteinizing hormone is responsible for what

A

ovulation and corpus luteal development

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18
Q

which hormone is responsible for the development of reproductive organs

A

estrogen

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19
Q

which hormone stimulates the endometrium to thicken prior to ovulation

A

estrogen

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20
Q

the hormone estrogen stimulates several things what are they?

A
  • endo to thicken prior to ovulation
  • contraction of F. Tubes
  • cervix to produce viscous mucus to assist the sperm in reaching the ovum
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21
Q

is the is the principle component of estrogen

A

estradiol

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22
Q

what hormone can be used to predict ovulation in patients undergoing fertility treatments

A

estradiol

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23
Q

which hormone has been linked to endometriosis, fibroids and carcinoma

A

estradiol

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24
Q

what are the three major estrogen hormones

A
  • estradiol
  • estriol
  • estrone
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25
Q

which component of estrogen is only produced in the placenta

A

estriol

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26
Q

which component of estrogen is only found in postmenopausal women

A

estrone

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27
Q

what is the hormone that is produces by the corpus luteal cells post ovulation

A

progesterone

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28
Q

pituitary gland

A

prolactin is produced by ____

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29
Q

what are some functions of progesterone

A
  • responsible for premenstrual symptoms of pregnancy
  • responsible for endometrial proliferation after ovulation
  • blocks development of new follicles
  • stimulates uterine blood supply for pregnancy
  • causes breasts to prepare for lactation
  • causes formation of cervical mucus plug in pregnancy
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30
Q

which hormone stimulates milk production with pregnancy

A

prolactin

31
Q

testosterone is produces by what

A

ovary and adrenal glands

32
Q

overproduction of testosterone in women causes ____

A

virilization

33
Q

___: the development of male physical characteristics in women

A

virilization

34
Q

what are the phases of the endometrial cycle

A
  • menstrual
  • proliferative
  • secretory
35
Q

the menstrual phase is what days of the cycle

A

1-5

36
Q

the early proliferative phase is what days of the cycle

A

6-10

37
Q

the late proliferative phase occurs through what days

A

11-14

38
Q

the secretory phase occurs through what days of the cycle

A

15-28

39
Q

how thick should the endow be in the menstrual phase

A

less than 4mm

40
Q

increasing estrogen levels causes what to happen to the endometrium

A

endometrial proliferation

41
Q

normal thickness of endometrium in the early proliferative phase

A

4-8mm

42
Q

in the early proliferative phase what is the normal appearance of endometrium

A

thin hyperechoic line

43
Q

S/A endometrium in late proliferative phase

A
  • endometrial thickness of <16mm

- trilaminar layers (hyperechoic outer, hypoechoic middle, echogenic inner layer)

44
Q

the later proliferative phase can also be referred to as ____

A

periovulatory phase

45
Q

in the secretory phase the increased estrogen and progesterone levels cause a decrease in what

A

FSH and LH

46
Q

S/A endometrium in secretory phase

A

<18mm thick

-thick hyperechoc appearance

47
Q

if no fertilization occurs the corpus luteal cyst involutes causing a decrease in ____

A

progesterone

48
Q

in a premenopausal women a normal thickness of the endometrium should be ___

A

<18mm

49
Q

in postmenopausal women on estrogen HRT demonstrates a normal endometrial thickness of ____

A

<8mm

50
Q

in a postmenopausal women on both estrogen and progesterone HRT a normal endometrial thickness should be ____

A

10-12mm

51
Q

in a postmenopausal women that is symptomatic with no HRT a normal endometrial thickness of ___

A

<5mm

52
Q

in a postmenopausal women that is asymptomatic with no HRT a normal endometrial thickness should be ___

A

<8mm

53
Q

the hypothalamus is triggered that this hormone is role which then releases GnRH

A

progesterone

54
Q

increase in FSH cause the ovaries to increase what and eventually cause what

A

increase estrogen causing follicle growth

55
Q

which hormones stimulate the production of estrogen by the follicles

A

FSH and LH

56
Q

how many dominant follicles form with dizygotic twins

A

two

57
Q

normal dominant follicles are typically ___ or less in size

A

10mm

58
Q

any dominant follicle over ___ will usually release an egg

A

> 15mm

59
Q

LH levels will surge ___ how long before ovulation

A

24-36hours

60
Q

the corpus luteal cyst forms to secrete what

A

progesterone and estrogen

61
Q

if there is no fertilization the corpus luteum will involute ___ days post ovulation

A

12-14 days

62
Q

when the corpus lute involutes it becomes what

A

corpus albicans

63
Q

which hormone triggers ovulation

A

LH

64
Q

progesterone production is stimulated by which hormone

A

LH

65
Q

the rising level of progesterone inhibits the release of ____

A

GnRH

66
Q

as the progesterone levels drop the corpus lute begins to degenerate and becomes what

A

corpus albicans

67
Q

fertilization normally occurs within ___ after ovulation

A

24-36 hours

68
Q

by the end of week 1 the developing embryo has become a ____

A

blastocyst

69
Q

implantation occurs day ___ gestational age

A

20-23

70
Q

when the blastocyst implants into the uterus it consists of two parts the inner cell mass will become the ___ and the trophoblast will develop into the ___

A

inner becomes fetus trophoblast becomes placenta

71
Q

trophoblast secretes ___

A

HCG

72
Q

what prevents the deterioration of the corpus lute at the end of the 4th week

A

HCG

73
Q

the CL will remain until when

A

24 weeks when the placenta takes over progesterone production

74
Q

what is the hormone that may be given to mothers to prevent early birth

A

synthetic progesteron

Registry Review OB/GYN (31 decks)

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