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Registry Review OB/GYN > The Placenta > Flashcards

The Placenta Flashcards

1
Q

the maternal placenta is the ___ plate

A

basal

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2
Q

flow within the maternal placenta should be ___

A

low resistance

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3
Q

___: functional unit of the placenta

A

cotyledons

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4
Q

blood fills interbillouns spaces to provide nourishment to the fetus through ____

A

chorionic villi

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5
Q

the fetal side of the placenta is the ___ plate

A

chorionic

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6
Q

the chorionic plate is located between where

A

between the amniotic membrane and the decidua basalis

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7
Q

at 12 weeks what is a normal placental thickness measurement

A

1.5-2cm

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8
Q

in the 2nd and 3rd trimester what is a normal placental thickness measurement

A

<4cm

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9
Q

the thickness of the placenta in mm should be equal to the weeks of gestation + ___

A

10

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10
Q

___: hypoechoic area deep tot hat placental that drains the placental tissue

A

retroplacental complex

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11
Q

placental insufficiency is associated with what things

A

-IUGR
-Pre eclampsia
-smoking
-HTN
poor maternal nutrition
-chronic maternal diabetes prior to pregnancy
-downs
-triploidy

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12
Q

an increasing ___ can indicate developing placental insufficiency

A

increasing S/D ratio

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13
Q

placental thinning is defined as placental thickness of ___

A

<1.5cm

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14
Q

placental thinning is associated with what things

A
  • IUGR
  • pre eclampsia
  • smoking
  • maternal HTN
  • poor maternal nutrition
  • drug/ alcohol abuse
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15
Q

placental thickness is defined as placenta measuring ___ in the second trimester and ___ in the third

A

> 4cm in 2nd trimester and >6cm in 3rd trimester

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16
Q

what are some things associated with placental thickening

A
  • twin gestations
  • chronic maternal diabetes
  • rh incompatibility
  • intrauterine infection
  • triploidy
  • placental insufficiency
  • fetal hydrops
  • beckwith Wiedemann syndrome
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17
Q

___: ectopic pieces of placenta not connected to the main placenta

A

succenturiate placental lobe

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18
Q

S/A grade 0 placenta

A
  • homogeneous
  • no calcs
  • amniochorionic plate is even throughout
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19
Q

S/A grade 1 placenta

A
  • placental body shows few echogenic densities ranging from 2-4mm
  • chorionic plate shows small indentations
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20
Q

S/A grade 2 placenta

A
  • chorionic plate shows marked indentations

- echogenic densities within the placenta increase in side and number

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21
Q

S/A grade 3 placenta

A
  • complete indentations of chorionic plate through basilar plate
  • numerous calcs
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22
Q

___: membranous chorion does not extend to the edge of the placenta

A

extrachorial placenta

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23
Q

___: more central attachment of the membranes without a central ring of folded amnion and chorion

A

circummarginate placenta

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24
Q

___: smaller chorionic ring surrounded by folds of thickened amnion and chorion

A

circumvallate placenta

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25
Q

circumvallate placenta has an increased risk of what

A

abruption or spontaneous abortion

26
Q

___: pooling of maternal blood in the subchorionic space

A

fibrin deposition

27
Q

___: ischemia of placental villi

A

placental infarcts

28
Q

what can cause placental infarcts

A

obstructed maternal blood flow into intervillous space

29
Q

S/A placental infarct

A
  • triangular shaped
  • anechoic with base of triangle touching the maternal side of the placenta
  • does not demonstrate internal blood flow on color
30
Q

___: enlarged spaces in the placenta filled with blood

A

placental lakes

31
Q

S/A placental lake

A
  • nearly anechoic

- slow swirling of blood may be seen

32
Q

multiple placental lakes seen early on in the pregnancy has been associated with what

A

decreased umbilical artery flow and IUGR

33
Q

___: large thrombus within the subchorionic venous system due to obstructed venous flow

A

breus mole

34
Q

___: placental crosses the internal os of the birth canal

A

placental previa

35
Q

what are some risk factors for placenta previa

A
  • AMA
  • smoking
  • multiple gestations
  • prior uterine surgery
36
Q

what is the most common symptom of placental prevue

A

painless 3rd trimester bleeding

37
Q

what are the different types of previas

A
  • complete
  • partial
  • marginal
  • low lying
  • vasa previa
38
Q

which type of previa completely covers the internal os

A

complete previa

39
Q

which type of previa partially covers the os

A

partial

40
Q

which type of previa touches the edge of the os

A

marginal

41
Q

which type of previa is within 2cm of the os

A

low lying

42
Q

which type of previa does the placental vessels cover the os

A

vasa

43
Q

___: abnormal implantation of placental tissue

A

morbidly adherent placenta

44
Q

who is at risk for morbidly adherent placenta

A
  • history of grand multiparty
  • history of placental previa
  • prior c section
45
Q

which type of abnormal placental tissue implantation invades less than 50% of the way through the myometrium

A

placental accrete

46
Q

which type of abnormal placental tissue implantation invades more than 50% of the way through the myometrium

A

placental increta

47
Q

which type of abnormal placental tissue implantation extends through the uterine wall to the bladder and adjacent pelvic structures

A

placental percreta

48
Q

___: early separation of placental from the uterine wall

A

placental abruption

49
Q

what are some risk factors for placental abruption

A
  • short umbilical cord
  • DM
  • HTN
  • SMoking
  • pre eclampsia
  • IVC compression
  • AMA
  • fibroids
  • multiparity
50
Q

S/S placental abruption

A
  • severe bleeding
  • pain
  • uterine spasms
  • signs of shock
51
Q

S/A placental abruption

A

-hematomas/ fluid collections seen in retroplacental space

52
Q

what is the most common benign mass of the placenta

A

chorioangioma

53
Q

what labs would be elevated with chorioangiomyoma

A

MSAFP

54
Q

S/A chorioangioma

A
  • highly vascular
  • hypoechoic mass
  • usually adjacent to cord insertion
55
Q

marginal cord insertion is also called ____

A

battledore placenta

56
Q

which type of cord insertion attaches to the placental periphery <2cm from the edge

A

marginal

57
Q

which type of cord insertion does the cord attach to the placental membranes

A

velamentous

58
Q

which type of cord insertion can be seen with vasa previa

A

velamentous

59
Q

velamentous cord insertion can lead to what

A
  • abruption

- fetal death is PROM

60
Q

velementous cord insertion is associated with what

A
  • IUGR
  • preterm birth
  • congenital defects
61
Q

what is the most common umbilical cord anomaly

A

2 vessel cord

62
Q

placental previa is more commonly caused by what

A

low implantation of the embryo

Registry Review OB/GYN (31 decks)

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