Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP History (Bob) > The Turbulent 1960s > Flashcards

The Turbulent 1960s Flashcards

1
Q

Formed in April 1960 by Ella Baker in Raleigh, North Carolina

Early example of student group dedicated to replacing the culture of segregation

“We can’t count on the adults, very few…are not afraid of the tremendous pressure they will face. This leaves the young people to be the organizers, the agents of social and political change.”

A

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Four black students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University sat down at a Woolworth’s lunch counter and asked to be served

After five months, Woolworth’s agreed to serve black customers

Sparked other protests

A

Greensboro Sit-in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Launched the Freedom Rides – integrated groups traveling by bus to the Deep South

A

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Integrated groups who traveled by bus into the Deep South

Assaulted by violent mobs

Ultimately protected by federal marshals and the Interstate Commerce Commission, which ordered buses desegregated

A

Freedom Rides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Admitted to the University of Mississippi

Mop rampaged in Oxford where the University of Mississippi is located, to protest

A

James Meredith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Composed by Martin Luther King

Listed litany of abuses faced by black southerners

Helped revive the flagging effort to acheive equlity in Birmingham, Alabama

A

“Letter from a Birmingham Jail”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Police chief who decided to assault children who were protesting with nightsticks, fire hoses, attack dogs

Decision led to a wave of revulsion across America

A

Eugene “Bull” Connor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Field secretary of the NAACP who was assassinated in June 1963

A

Medgar Evers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

250,000 blacks and whites on August 28, 1963

Organized by A. Philip Randolph

Called for congress to act on civil rights and minimum wage

Ended with King’s “I Have a Dream” speech

A

March on Washington

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Speech that ended the March on Washington

A

“I Have a Dream Speech”

Martin Luther King

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Kennedy’s foriegn policy agenda aimed at countering the spread of communism

A

New Frontier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Program established by Kennedy to send Americans abroad to aid developing countries

Worked as educators, health workers, technicians

By 1966, 15,000 were serving as volunteers

A

Peace Corps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Kennedy committment in response to the Soviet’s launching of the first man in space in April 1961

Accomplished in 1969

A

Man to the Moon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Kennedy foreign policy toward Latin America

Aimed to promote political and material freedom

Military regimes and local elites controlled the aid the policy failed

A

Alliance for Progress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Invasion of Cuba authorized by Kennedy

Intent was to oust Castro, who was nationalizing United States interests and aligning with the Soviets

The invasion was a failure with 100 killed and 1,100 captured

A

Bay of Pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Castro ousted dictator Batista in 1959

Nationalized American interests and aligned with the Soviets

A

Cuban Revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Concrete structure built in August 1961 by the Soviets and East Germans in order to prevent emigrants from fleeing East Germany

A

Berlin Wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Began with the discovery by American spy planes of the Soviet arms in Cuba

Kennedy imposed a blockade and demanded removal

Khrushchev agreed to withdraw and kennedy agreed to not invade as well as secretly removed American arms in Turkey

A

Cuban Missile Crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Likely committed by Lee Harvey Oswald on November 22, 1963

Led to Lyndon Johnson becoming the president

A

Kennedy Assassination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Prohibited racial discrimination in employment, institutions, privately owned public accomodations

Banned discrimination on account of sex

Johnson supported despite risk of political harm

A

Civil Rights Act of 1964

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Coalition of civil rights groups including SNCC, CORE and NAACP launched voter registration drives

Hundreds of white Nothern college students traveled to Mississippi to take part

Violence against the students included firebombs, beatings

A

Freedom Summer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Local deputy sherrif responsible for actions against…

…Michael Schwerner

…Andrew Goodman

…James Chaney

Highlighted the federal governments inability to protect rights

A

Murder of Freedom Summer Activists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Campaign to take seats from Mississippi’s all-white official party

Rejected a proposed compromise from Hubert Humphrey to seat two blacks

A

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MFDP rallied behind Johnson’s campaign

Barry Goldwater critisized the New Deal welfare state, calling for substitution of private charity for public welfare

Johnson won 61% of the popular vote and 486 electoral votes

Goldwater won 38% of the popular vote and 52 electoral votes

Democrats won majorities in both houses of Congress

A

Election of 1964

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Repealed a 1963 law banning racial discrimination in real estate

Protected the “freedom” of property owners

A

California Proposition 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Conservative student group

Developed the Sharon Statement advocating…

…free market

…limited government

…opposition to communism

A

Young Americans for Freedom (YAF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Position developed by a group of 90 members of YAF including…

…free markets underpin “personal freedom”

…government must be strictly limited

…“international communism” must be destroyed

A

Sharon Statement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Goldwater’s success in five states in the Deep South in the Election of 1964

Nixon later emphasized law and order and traditional values

A

Beginnings of “Southern Strategy”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Starting point for march organized by Martin Luther King to secure voting rights for blacks

Marchers confronted by state police on a bridge – police used cattle prods, whips, tear gas

Television broadcast the violence

A

Selma, Alabama

on the way to Montgomery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Allowed federal officials the right to register voters

Enabled black southerners to final regain suffrage

A

Voting Rights Act of 1965

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Outlawed the poll tax

A

Twenty-fourth Amendment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Reformed immigration law by abanding the national-origins quota system

Established new, racially neutral criteria for immigration

Established limit of 120,000 immigrants from Western Hemisphere and 170,000 from the rest of the world

Created category of “illegal aliens”

A

Hart-Celler Act of 1965

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Johnson’s aggressive program to attack the major social problems

Included Medicaid, Medicare,

creation of the Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

National Endowment for the Humanities and the Arts

A

Great Society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Federal program to provide health services to the poor

A

Medicaid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Federal program to provide a form of health insurance for retired and disabled

A

Medicare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Term for Johnson’s focus in the Great Society to eliminate poverty

A

War on Poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Book revealing that 40-50 million American lived in poverty

Technological improvements had eliminated unskilled jobs and locked some Americans into poverty

A

The Other America

by Michael Harrington

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Office of Economic Opportunity program to provide funidng for early childhood education

Intended to prepare children of poor parents for kindergarten

A

Head Start

39
Q

“the man who is hungry, who cannot find work or educate his children, who is bowed by want, that man is not fully free.”

A

Lyndon Johnson

at the Democratic National Convention

40
Q

Uprisings in 1965 involving 50,000 persons who attacked police and firemen and looted white businesses

Ultimately required 15,000 national guardsmen to return order

35 people died, 900 injured, $30m in property was lost

A

Watts Riots

41
Q

Released in 1968 and blamed violence and rioting on “segregation and poverty”

Emphasized white institutions created American ghettos

Did not offer clear proposals for change

A

Kerner Report

42
Q

King backed effort in 1966 to…

…end discrimination by employers and unions

…provide equal access to mortgages

…construct low-income housing

Failed due to opposition by Richard Daley

A

Chicago Freedom Movement

43
Q

Emerged as a leader of the second phase of civil rights

Preached message of white evil and black self-discipline

Dropped his slave surname of Little

Became a critic of integration and nonviolence

A

Malcolm X

44
Q

Members are called Black Muslims

Founded by Elija Muhammad

Preached Islamic principles plus black pride

A

Nation of Islam

45
Q

Term used first by Stokely Carmichael in 1966

Rallying cry for bitterness over federal government failure

A

“Black Power”

46
Q

Founded in Oakland, California in 1966

Advocated armed self-defense in response to police brutality

Demanded the release of black prisoners

Promoted militant black power and ran social programs

Founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton

A

Black Panther Party

47
Q

Group that rejected earlier intellectual and political categories including the Soviet Union as a model

Spoke of loneliness, isolation, alienation, powerlessness

Galvanized by 7m students attending college in 1968

A

New Left

48
Q

Book that provided the angry voice of the black revolution

A

The Fire Next Time

by James Baldwin

49
Q

Book criticizing urban renewal and the removal of poor from cities

Argued that density and diversitymade cities alive

A

The Death and Life of Great American Cities

by Jane Jacob

50
Q

Formed in 1962 and part of the “New Left” movement

Offshoot of the socialist League for Industrial Democracy

Wrote the Port Huron Statement calling for a greater role for university students

A

Students for Democratic Society (SDS)

51
Q

Manifesto of the SDS

Called for greater role for university students

Rejected the traditional role of the university and current American foreign policy goals

Critisized a range of institutions including political parties, corporations, unions, the military-industrial complex

A

Port Huron Statement

52
Q

“We seek the establishment of a democracy of individual participation, the individual shares in those social decisions determining the quality and direction of his life”

A

SDS in Port Huron Statement

53
Q

Thousands of Berkeley students became involved in protests which evolved into a critque of the entire structure of the university

A

Free Speech Movement

54
Q

Prohibited political groups

Prompted students to create the Free Speech Movement

A

University of California Berkeley

55
Q

“I am not going to be the president who saw Southeast Asia go the way China went.

A

Lyndon Johnson

56
Q

Authorized Johnson to “take all necessary measures to repeal” the Vietnamese

Passed without any discussion of American goals or strategy

Prompted by a North Vietnamese patrol boat attack on an American vessel that actually never happened

A

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

57
Q

Success with 22,000 troops gave Johnson more confidence to pursue a greater investment in troops in Vietnam

A

Domincan Republic

58
Q

U.S. troops exceeded 500,000

North Vietnamese mistreated American prisoners of war

U.S. dropped more bombs than all of World War II

Chemicals used to destroy forests

“Search and destroy” missions did not distinguish between combatants and civilians

A

Vietnam War in 1968

59
Q

Term used to describe the New Left’s expanded definition of freedom including the rejection of…

…belief in authority

…rejection of elders

Included a massive redefinition of freedom with the rallying cry of “liberation”

A

Counterculture

60
Q

Urged the crowd in San Francisco to:

“Turn on, tune in, drop out”

A

Timothy Leary

61
Q

Festival attended by 400,000 people

Celebrated music and harmony

Included acts by Pete Townshend and others

A

Woodstock

62
Q

Restarted the feminist movement

Wrote The Feminine Mystique

First president of the National Organization for Women

A

Betty Friedan

63
Q

Book that painted a devestating picture of talented women trapped by marriage and motherhood

Written by Betty Friedman

Became the bible of the feminist movement

A

The Feminine Mystique

64
Q

Barred sex discrimination among holders of the same job

A

Equal Pay Act of 1963

65
Q

Group that publicized inequalities for women in the workplace and worked to create opportunities

Demanded equal opportunity in jobs, education, politics

Later turned to social issues and efforts to pass the ERA

First president was Betty Friedman

A

National Organization for Women

66
Q

Name for women in the women’s liberation movement who pressed for change and established “consciousness-raising” groups

A

“Bra Burners”

67
Q

Collection of essays published in 1970 pointing out violence against women, inequalities in the law

A

Sisterhood is Powerful

68
Q

Gay rights organization founded in 1951 by Harry Hay

Purpose was to persuade the public that sexual preferences should not be persecuited

A

Mattachine Society

69
Q

Leader of the first gay rights group, the Mattachine Society

A

Harry Hay

70
Q

Police raid at this gay club in Greenwich Village led to five days of riots

A

Stonewall Bar

71
Q

Son of migrant workers who led nonviolent protests including a national boycott of California grapes

Drew national attention to low wages and bad working conditions

Pressured the growers to agree to contracts with the United Farm Workers

A

Cesar Chavez

72
Q

Negotiated with growers to secure better wages and working conditions for agricultural workers

A

United Farm Workers

73
Q

Protests in 1968 demanding greater tribal self-government and restoration of economic resources guaranteed in treaties

Indians brought land claims, demanded monetary settlements

A

American Indian Movement

74
Q

Launched by the American Indian Movement

A

Red Power Movement

75
Q

Book warming of the dangers of DDT

Chemical companies launched a campaign to discredit

Written by Rachel Carson and helped spark the birth of the modern environmental movement

A

Silent Spring

76
Q

Trio of bills supporting environmentalism put in place by a bipartisan Congress

A

Clean Air Act

Clean Water Act

Endangered Species Act

77
Q

Led the consumer movement

Wrote Unsafe at Any Speed which exposed auto manufacturers practices

Highlighted the risk of the Chevrolet Corvair rolling over

A

Ralph Nadar

78
Q

Book by Ralph Nadar highlighting the dangers of the Chevrolet Corsair and the auto manufacturers in general

A

Unsafe at Any Speed

79
Q

June 17, 1957

Surpreme Court reigned in anticommunist crusade, overturning HUAC related convictions

A

“Red Monday”

80
Q

Court decision to strike down southern laws that sought to destroy civil rights organizations by having them make their membership lists public

A

NAACP v. Alabama

81
Q

Court overturned libel judgment by Alabama jury against the New York Times, which had carried an advertisement critical of local officials

Court also declared the Sedition Act of 1789 unconstitutional

Created modern constitutional law of freedom of the press

A

New York Times v. Sullivan

82
Q

Court found laws prohibiting interracial marriage to be unconstitutional

Judge had given them the option to leave Virginia

A

Loving v. Virginia

83
Q

Court forbade discrimination in the rental or sale of housing

A

Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.

84
Q

Court established that an individual in police custody must be informed of rights including…

…right to remain silent

…right to confer with a lawyer before answering questions

…statements could be used in court of law

A

Miranda v. Arizona

85
Q

Court ruled that districts electing members of state legislatures must be equal

“One-man, one-vote” overturned apportionment systems

A

Baker v. Carr

86
Q

Court overturned state law prohibiting the use of contraceptives based on constitutionally protected “zone of privacy” within marriage

“The right to be let alone is the beginning of all freedom” Justice William O. Douglas

A

Griswold v. Connecticut

87
Q

Court ruled woman’s right to privacy underlay the legalization of abortion

Created a constitutional right to terminate a pregnacy

A

Roe v. Wade

88
Q

Vietcong and North Vietnamese troops launched uprisings in January 1968 which surprised American military leaders

United States drove back but the intensity of the fighting shattered the public’s confidence in the Vietnam War and in Johnson’s leadership

A

Tet Offensive

89
Q

April 4, 1968

Civil rights leader killed by white assassin

A

King Assassination

90
Q

Congress passed to prohibit discrimination in the sale and rental of homes

A

Open Housing Act

91
Q

10,000s came to Chicago to protest

Chicago police assaulted the marchers and eight political radicals were charged

Delegates nominated Hubert Humprhrey for president

A

Democratic National Convention

92
Q

Name for group that was charged and tried for disrupting the Democratic National Convention

Their conviction was overturned

A

Chicago Seven

93
Q

Nixon campaigned as the champian of this group who were ordinary Americans who believed change had gone too far

A

“Silent Majority”

94
Q

Nixon won 43.2% of the popular vote and 301 electoral votes

Humphrey won 42.6% of the popular vote and 191 electoral votes

Wallace won 12.9% of the popular vote and 46 electoral votes

A

Election of 1968

AP History (Bob) (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions