Early Republic (1789-1815)

Question 1

Group of Massachusetts Federalist who met to voice displeasure with the policies of Thomas Jefferson during his second term

Proposed that the New England states and New York secede from the Union

Answer 1

Essex Junto

Question 2

Forced march of 20,000 members of the Cherokee tribe to their newly designated “homeland” in Oklahoma

Federal troops forced the Cherokees westward in 1838, with 1 out of every 5 Native Americans dying from hunger, disease, or exhaustion along the way

Answer 2

Trail of Tears

Question 3

Religious revival movement that began at the beginning of the 19th century

Revivalist ministers asked thousands of worshippers at revival meetings to save their own souls

Reflected the move away from redestination in American Protestantism

Answer 3

Second Great Awakening

Question 4

1801 bill passed by the Federalist Congress before Jefferson’s inauguration, designed to maintain Federalist control of the judiciary by reducing the number of Supreme Court justices and increasing the number of federal judges that John Adams could appoint

Repealed by Congress in 1802

Answer 4

Judiciary Act

Question 5

Power of Supreme Court to decide the constitutionality of any federal or state law.

Established in the 1803 decision Marbury v. Madison by Chief Justice John Marshall

Decision increased federal power as many had argued that individual states should have this power

Answer 5

Judicial Review

Question 6

Shawnee soldier and statesman who tried to form a Native American confederacy to resist further white expansion

Killed at the Battle of the Thames, fighting for the British in the War of 1812

Answer 6

Tecumseh

Question 7

Served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835

His ruling in Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review

A federalist who was a defender of strong national government

Answer 7

John Marshall

Question 8

Group of younger Democratic-Republican congressmen including Henry Clay and John Calhoun who believed that British policy by 1812 threatened American sovereignty

Answer 8

War Hawks

Question 9

Issued by President Washington in 1793 to announce American neutrality in the war between Britain and Revolutionary France

Answer 9

Declaration of Neutrality

Question 10

Refusal in the Ohio territory by settlers to pay federal excise taxes on whiskey in 1793

President Washington led an army to put down the rebellion

Answer 10

Whiskey Rebellion

Question 11

1793 treaty to easy tensions between the United States and Great Britain

British agreed to abandon forts they had occupied on American territory in the west

British refused to make concessions over the rights of American ships

Answer 11

Jay’s Treaty

Question 12

Bank planned by Alexander Hamilton to be funded by government and private sources

Believed bank would give economic security to the new nation

Jefferson and Madison believed it to be unconstitutional

Answer 12

National Bank

Question 13

1790 report by Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton proposing that the federal government assume the entire national debt and play a greater role in the economy

Jefferson and Madison opposed this expansion of federal economic power

Answer 13

Report on the Public Credit

Question 14

Philosophy that trade barriers and protective tariffs inhibit economic growth

Jefferson proposed this policy that would have the effect of keeping prices low for farmers and planters

Answer 14

Free Trade

Question 15

Party of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

Supported limited government and the values of the yeoman farmer

Opposed the Federalists who supported a strong national state and commerical interests

Answer 15

Democratic-Republicans

Question 16

Gave the president power to expel aliens deemed “dangerous to the country’s well-being”

Outlawed publication and public pronouncement of “fals, scandalous, and malicious” statements about the government

Answer 16

Alien and Sedition Acts

Question 17

Resolutions passed by states that declared the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional, going beyond the powers of the federal government

Predated later southern arguments that the states could “nullify” federal laws

Answer 17

Kentucky and Virginia Resolves

Question 18

American commissioners sent to France in 1797 to negotiate a treaty were approached by emissaries of the French foreign minister and asked for a bribe

Americans refused, public opinion at home was outraged, and an undeclared naval ware with France ran from 1798 to 1800

Answer 18

XYZ Affair

Question 19

Judicial appointments made by an outgoing president or governor int he last hours before leaving office

John Adams made judicial appointments in the hours before Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated

Answer 19

Midnight Appointments

Question 20

1803 decision by Chief Justice John Marshall establishing the principle of judicial review

Supreme Court has the ultimate power to decide if any federal or state law is unconstitutional

Answer 20

Marbury v. Madison

Question 21

1803 purchase of huge territory from Napoleon of France for $15 million

Territory ran from Mississippi to the Rocky Mountains

Answer 21

Louisiana Purchase

Question 22

1803 to 1806 expeditition sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore and map the Louisiana territory and establish good relations with the Native Americans living there

Reported that settlement was possible in much of the region, which was well worth the purchase price

Answer 22

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Question 23

British policy of forcing ex-sailors and civilians into naval service

British seized nearly 7,500 sailors from American ships, including some American citizens

Practice was one of the causes of the War of 1812

Answer 23

Impressment

Question 24

Declaration by President Jefferson that banned all American trade with Europe

American sea rights as a neutral power were threatened

Jefferson hoped that it would force Britain and France to respect American neutrality

Answer 24

Embargo of 1807

Question 25

President Madison supported this 1809 legislation, which authorized trade with all countries except Britain and France

Stated that trade would resume with these countries when they respected America’s neutral rights

Britain and France ignored this act

Answer 25

Non-Intercourse Act

Question 26

1814 treaty between United States and Great Britain ending the War of 1812

Restored diplomatic relations between the two countries but did nothing to address the issues that had initially caused the war

Answer 26

Treaty of Ghent

Question 27

Meeting of New England Federalist in the closing months of the War of 1812

Threatened that New England would seced unless trade restrictions imposed by President Madison were lifted

American victory in the war made their protests seem pointless

Answer 27

Harford Convention

Question 28

Established separate balloting in the Electoral College for president and vice president

Resulted from 1800 deadlock when Thomas Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr, tied in electoral votes, forcing the House to decide the election for Jefferson

Ratified in 1804

Answer 28

Twelfth Amendment

Question 29

Served with George Washington in the Revolutionary War

Supported the Constitution and helped write the Federalist Papers

As the first Secretary of the Treasury, worked to strengthen the federal government

Killed in a dual with Aaron Burr

Answer 29

Alexander Hamilton