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AP History (Bob) > Colonial Beginnings (1492-1690) > Flashcards

Colonial Beginnings (1492-1690) Flashcards

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1
Q

In 1676, led a rebellion of farmers protesting Royal Governor Sir William Berkeley’s lenient policy towards the Indians

Died after burning Jamestown, and the rebellion was supressed

In the following years, the Virginia gentry limited the power of the royal governor

A

Nathaniel Bacon

and

Bacon’s Rebellion

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2
Q

English revolution of 1688-1689 that removed openly Catholic King James II from the throne and replaced him with his Protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William

In the American colonies, Jame’s offical appointees were deposed and sent home

A

Glorious Revolution

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3
Q

Puritan housewife who claimed to have received special revelations from God, angering many leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Expelled from Massachusetts, Hutchinson and her family joined other dissenters like Roger Williams in Rhode Island

A

Anne Hutchinson

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4
Q

Helped found the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629

In 1629, he was elected governor, a position he held for 20 years

Saw the colony as a “city upon a hill,” a godly community far from the corrupting influences of England

A

John Winthrop

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5
Q

French explorer who established the first permanent settlement in Canada at Quebec in 1608

Worked to protect his settlement by making alliances with the Hurons and other Native American tribes

A

Samuel de Champlain

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6
Q

Legal arrangement in which an individual owed compulsory service (for 3 to 0 years) in exchange for free passage to the American colonies

Many of the early setters in the Virginia colony

A

Indentured Servitude

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7
Q

Economic policy practiced by most European states in the late 17th century under which states actively sought to create wealth as a means to power

States minimized trade with outsiders and maximized it with their colonies

A

Mercantilism

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8
Q

Protestant faith that preached salvation “by faith alone” and redestination

Desire in England to create a “pure church” was only partly successful, so many went to the new World starting in 1620

A

Calvinism

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9
Q

Allance of Native American tribes living in the region of the initial Virginia settlement

Leader of this alliance tried to live in peace with the English settlers when they arrived in 1607

A

Powhatan Confederacy

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10
Q

Instrument that enabled navigators to calculate their latitued using the sun and stars

Allowed more accuracy in plotting routes during the Age of Discovery

A

Astrolabe

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11
Q

European attempts to capture the Holy Land in the Middle Ages

Europeans acquired an appreciation of the economic benefits of overseas expansion and slavery

A

Crusades

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12
Q

Protestants in France, who by the 1630s were believers in Calvinism

Few ended up settling in the Americas, as French officials feared they would disrupt the unity of colonial settlements

A

Huguenots

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13
Q

Religious dissidents who left England for America to establish a “purer” church

Settled Plymouth Colony in 1620 and the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630

Heavily influenced by John Calvin and his concept of predestination

A

Puritans

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14
Q

Consolidation of colonies of Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Plymouth, and New Hampshire by King James II in 1686

Ended in April 1689, following the overthrow of King James during the Glorious Revolution

A

Dominion of New England

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15
Q

Settlements in America that were given to individuals who could govern and regulate the territory in any manner they desired

Example: Charles I gave the Maryland territory to Lord Baltimore

A

Proprietorships

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16
Q

First entered Virginia as workers in 1619, when few legal differences existed between workers

By the 1670s and 1680s, wsa widespread in the Chesapeake colonies

Became an integral part of the triangular trade system

A

Slavery

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17
Q

Measures enacted by Charles II in 1660 to increase the dependence of the colonies on England for trade

“Enumerated Goods” like tobacco could only be sold to England, and all trade with the other countries had to go through England

These laws were often ignored in America

A

Navigation Acts

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18
Q

Complex trading relationship that developed in the late 17th century between the Americas, Europe, and Africa

Europeans purchased African slaves to sell in the Americas, raw materials from the Americas were sold to Europe, and manufactured goods from Europe were sold in the Americas

A

Triangular Trade System

19
Q

Calvinist Protestants who did not believe that the Church of England could be “purified” and hence chose to “seperate” from it

Pilgrims who sailed to America aboard the Mayflower and settled at Plymouth were looking for religious freedom

A

Separatists

20
Q

Received a charter to settle the Virginia territory from King James I in 1603

The first settlers from this company settled in Jamestown in April 1607

First successful English colony in America

A

London Company

21
Q

Also called the Anglican Church

Protestant state church established by King Henry VIII

Religious radicals desired a “purer” church than was allowed by monarchs in the early 17th century, causing some to leave for the Americas

A

Church of England

22
Q

Sailed into New York Harbor in 1609 searching for the Northwest Passage to Asia

Claimed the area for the Netherlands

A

Dutch East India Company

23
Q

Outpost established by Dutch traders near modern day Albany, NY in 1614

A

Fort Orange

24
Q

Settlement of Dutch on and around Manhattan Island

Started in 1624 from acquisition from the Indians and by seizing farmland from the Algonquain Indians in 1640s

Controlled by West India Company

Greater freedom than other colonies: slaves granted “half-freedom”, women had rights, religious freedom

Grew to 9,000 people by mid-1660s

A

New Netherland

25
Q

Discovered Mississippi River in 1643

A

Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet

26
Q

Ruled French Canada which had only 19,000 inhabitants by 1700, mostly men

A

Company of New France

27
Q

Indians in present day Ontario who formed an Alliance with French

A

Huron Indians

28
Q

English king with aggresive policy of colonization from 1649

Promoted Protestantism

Seized Jamaica from Spain

A

Cromwell

29
Q

Goods that had to be transported in English ships, sold in ports

Initially tobacco and sugar

A

Enumerated Goods

30
Q

Assumed English throne in 1660 and started expansion of colonialism

Doubled the number of English colonies

A

Charles I

31
Q

England seized New Amsterdam in 1664

Awarded to James, the Duke of York

A

Anglo-Dutch War

32
Q

Agreement that strengthened relationship between English and Iroquois Confederacy

Sir Edmond Andros negotiated the agreement

Andros recognized Iroquois authority over Indian communities

A

Covenant Chain

33
Q

Passed by assembly in 1683 and established elections and rights

A

Charter of Liberties and Privileges

34
Q

Family was granted large tract of land in present day Delaware

Desired to establish refuge for his Society of Friends or Quakers to get away from persecution in England

A

William Penn

35
Q

Written by William Penn in 1677 to frame government which had elected assembly with broad suffrage, religious liberty

A

West Jersey Concessions

36
Q

Uprising of Indians led by Metacom

45 New England towns were attacked; twelve were destroyed

A

King Philips War

37
Q

First agreement for self-government in America

Signed by 41 men and set up a government for the Plymouth colony

A

Mayflower Compact

38
Q

The second governor of the Plymouth colony from 1621-1657

Developed private land ownership and helped colonist get out of debt

He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks

A

William Bradford

39
Q

King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony.

The colony established political freedom and a representative government

A

Massachusetts Bay Colony

40
Q

Puritan stockholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company agreed to emigrate to New England on the condition that they would have control of the government of the colony

A

Cambridge Agreement

41
Q

Puritans emigrated from England to America in the 1630s and 1640s. During this time the population of the Massachusetts Bay colony grew to ten times its earlier population

A

Puritan Migration

42
Q

Founded by speratists who felt that the Church of England retained too many Roman Catholic beliefs and practices

Pilgrims were members of this church

The Cambridge platform stressed morality over church dogma

A

Congregational Church

43
Q

Left Massachusetts colony and purchased land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island, which was the only colony at the time to offer complete religious freedom

A

Roger Williams

AP History (Bob) (28 decks)

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