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AP History (Bob) > The New Era: 1920s > Flashcards

The New Era: 1920s Flashcards

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1
Q

Idea of society that glorified ethnic diversity

Toleration of difference was part of American ideal

Coined by Horace Kallen

A

“Cultural Pluralism”

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2
Q

Overturned law banning the use and teaching of the German language

“The protection of the Constitution extends to all, to those who speak other languages as wellas to those born with English on the tongue.”

A

Meyer v. Nebraska

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3
Q

Movie attendence reached 80 million in 1929

Radio and phonograph purchases

Spread of celebrity culture

A

Growth of Leisure Activities

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4
Q

Term used to describe the period and image of the liberated, urbanized 1920s, with a flapper as the dominant symbol of that era

Many rural, fundamentalist Americans deeply resented the changes in American culture that occurred in the “Roaring Twenties”

A

Jazz Age

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5
Q

Characterized by Andre Siegfriend’s observation that:

debt and interest in consumer goods replaced thrift and self-denial

work became a path to consumption

A

“New Culture”

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6
Q

Famous article that detailed ongoing repression including…

…lynching in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida

…beating of Columbia undergraduate who had defending free speech

…arrest of union leader in New Jersey and the arrest of 400 IWW workers

…refusal to allow socialist to speak

A

“Sweet Land of Liberty” article in the The Nation

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7
Q

General uniformity of tastes and commonality of cultural experiences

Occured in America for the first time in the 1920s

People saw the same movies, read the same magazines, heard the same things on the radio

A

National Culture

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8
Q

1922 conference in which the United States, Japan, Britain, France, Italy agreed…

…to build no more warships for 10 years

…to not attack each other’s possessions in the Pacific

Reflected the WWI sentiment to avoid military conflicts

A

Washington Naval Arms Conference

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9
Q

Industry that…

….spread images of the American way of life

….achieved unprecedented influence in the 1930s

….became a way for Americans to escape their daily troubles

A

Hollywood and the Film Industry

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10
Q

American sociologist and photographer

Used camera as a tool for social reform

Photographs were instrumental in changing child labor laws in the United States

A

Lewis Hine

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11
Q

Position in the Election of 1924 included…

greater taxation of wealth, conservation of natural resources, public ownership of railroads, farm relief, end of child labor

Raised only $250,000 in political contributions despite endorsements

Received 1/6 of the vote but only carried his native Wisconsin

A

Robert La Follette

Progressive candidate in Election of 1924

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12
Q

Hearings in Congress in 1912-1914 showed manipulation in the stock market

A

Pujo Hearings

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13
Q

Name for a workplace free of government regulation and unions

A

Open Shop

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14
Q

Barred works it deemed inappropriate from entering the country including

Ulysses by James Joyce

works by French satirist Rabelais

A

Customs Service

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15
Q

Motivations for this group included…

…decline in traditional values

…increased visibility of Catholicism and Judaisim

…resented Protestant “Modernists”

A

Fundamentalist Revolt v. Modernism

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16
Q

Italian immigrants accused of murdering two employees of a Massachusetts shoe company in 1920

They were anarchists as well as immigrants so many believed that nativist prejudice tainted their trial

After protests, they were executed in 1927

A

Sacco and Vanzetti

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17
Q

Chemical

Aviation

Electronic

A

New Industries

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18
Q

Published pamphlet called the The Sex Side of Life

Conviction for sending inappropriate material through the mail was overturned by Supreme Court

A

Mary Ware Dennett

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19
Q

American photographer best known as first foreign photographer allowed to take pictures of Soviet industry and

First female photographer for Henry Luce’s Life magazine.

A

Margaret Bourke-White

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20
Q

Indian born World War I veteran

Asserted that he was “pure Aryan” and thus could be naturalized because he was white

Supreme Court said “white” was not a scientific concept

A

Bhagat Singh Thind

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21
Q

Organization that took part in many of the landmark “rights revolution” cases

Gave meaning to freedom of speech

Invented new rights like the “right to privacy”

A

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)

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22
Q

Communist publisher of the Left-wing Manifesto

Convicted for violating a New York law prohibiting anarchy

Supreme Court upheld conviction but dissent by Holmes and Brandeis established Fourteenth Amendment obligation by states to not restrain freedom of speech and the press

A

Benjamin Gitlow

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23
Q

Immigrant who filed for naturalization

Supreme Court rejected twice based upon definition of “whiteness” only applied to caucasions

A

Takao Ozawa

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24
Q

Foreign policy in the 1920s characterized by the following statement:

“…in these days of competition, capital, trade, agriculture, labor and statecraft all go hand in hand if a country is to profit.”

A

Huntington Wilson, State Department

Economic Diplomacy

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25
Q

1921 measure restricting European immigration

Limited immigration from a particular country to only 3% of the immigrants from that country living in the United States in 1910

A

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

(aka Johnson Act)

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26
Q

Wrote Home to Harlem and If We Must Die

One of leaders of Harlem Renaissance

A

Claude McKay

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27
Q

Supreme Court ruling upholding the Espionage Act

Declared that First Admendment did not prevent Congress from stopping speech that presented a “clear and present danger”

Justice Holmes wrote that free speech “would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and cuasing panic”

A

Schenck v. United States

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28
Q

Journalist who repudiated the Progressive idea to apply intelligence to social policy; modern problems were beyond understanding of ordinary men

Claimed the American voter was ill-informed

Wrote Public Opinion and The Phantom Public

A

Walter Lippman

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29
Q

Arrest of Tennesse teacher for violating state law prohibiting the teaching of evolution in public school

Highlighted tension between two views of freedom:

  1. Traditional “moral” liberty
  2. independent thought

ACLU hired Clarence Darrow to defend

Prosecuter was William Jennings Bryan

A

Scopes Trial

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30
Q

Group of American intellectuals and cultural exiles who moved to Paris in the 1920s

Viewed America as bigoted, intellectually shallow, consumed with the quest for the dollar

Included Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald

A

“Lost Generation”

31
Q

Silent film actress

Starred in “The It Girl”

A

Clara Bow

32
Q

Restricted immigration to 2% per year of each nationality as found int he 1890 census – limited immigration to 150,000 per year

Essentially ended immigration from southern and eastern Europe

Barred all those ineligible for naturalization including all Asians except Filipinos

A

National Origins Act

33
Q

Characterized by…

…bobbed hair

…short skirt

…public smoking and drinking

…unapologetic use of birth control

…ability to perform wild dances like the Charleston

A

Flapper

34
Q

Adopted by the film industry in 1922 to prohibit nudity, long kisses, adultery being shown in films

Supreme Court did not declare movies as protected by the First Admendment until 1951 in a case involving The Miracle

A

Hays Code

35
Q

“The chief business of the American people is business.”

A

Calvin Coolidge

36
Q

Reborn in 1915 after the the lynching of Leo Frank, Jewish manager of company

Had 3 million members by mid-1920s

Attacked broad range of targets:

…blacks,

…Jewish and Catholic immigrants,

…movements like feminism, unions, immorality

A

Resurgence of Ku Klux Klan

37
Q

Italian actor starred in The Sheik, among other films

Known as the “Latin Lover”

A

Rudolph Valentino

38
Q

Purchasing plan that emerged int he 1920s to facilitate consumption

Instead of waiting to save the purchase price, consumers could make 36-48 “easy” payments on a refrigerator or an automobile

Most cars bought on credit by 1928

A

Installment Plan

39
Q

British, French, and American oil companies divided oil regions in Middle East and Latin America

A

Red Line Agreement of 1928

40
Q

1927 film starring Al Jolson was the first movie with sound

Story of the film deals with young Jewish man who has to choose between the “modern” and his Jewish past

A

The Jazz Singer

41
Q

On May 21, 1927, completed the first transatlantic flight from New York to Paris in his plane The Spirit of St. Louis

Made him the most celebrated hero of the 1920s, many songs and headlines were devoted to him

A

Charles Lindbergh

42
Q

Characterized by…

…New York banks extending loans to European and Latin American governments

…New York banks financing billions of dollars of reparations payments by Germany

…industrial firms building overseas plants especially in auto, agricultural machinery, electrical machinery markets

…American investment to gain control of raw materials

A

Private Enterprise and Foreign Policy

43
Q

Motivation for this act include…

…desire for ideal population based on biology

…progress desire to improve “quality” of democratic citizen

…employ scientific methods to set public policy

A

Motivations for Immigration Act of 1924

44
Q

Described as “a man of limited talents from a small town”

Continued to drink alcohol through Prohibition

Had affair with Nan Britton

A

President Harding

45
Q

Established by Congress to police land boundaries

A

Border Patrol

46
Q

Re-elected by landslide against Democrat John Davis, who was nominated on the 103rd ballot

One-sixth of electorate voted for Robert La Follette, Progressive

A

Calvin Coolidge

47
Q

Production tripled from 1.5 million to 4.8 million during the 1920s

U.S. produced 85% of the world output

Half of American families purchased

Stimulated growth of steel, rubber, oil, and road construction industries

A

Automobile Industry

48
Q

Idea put forward by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes that advocates of every belief should have the right to convert the public to their point of view

Developed in dissent by Holmes and Brandeis in 1925 Supreme Court decision upholding conviction of Benjamin Gitlow, a communist publisher

A

“Marketplace of Ideas”

49
Q

Eliminated federal assistance for infants and child health

A

Repeal of Sheppard-Towner Act

50
Q

Term used to describe…

…in politics the asssociation with pan-Africanism and Garvey

…in art with rejection of established stereotypes about Africa, rural South’s folk traditions, life in the urban ghetto

A

“New Negro”

51
Q

New characteristics include:

…private pensions

…medical insurance

…job security

…safety

…sports programs for leisure time

A

New Business-Employee Relationship

52
Q

Telephone

Vacuum Cleaner

Washing Machine

Refridgerator

A

New Consumer Goods

53
Q

Wrote the following

“…the greatest menace to freedom is an inert people.”

A

Justice Brandeis

54
Q

Raised taxes on imported goods to highest levels in history

Repudiation of Wilson’s principle of promoting free trade

Republicans believed “protectionist” policies would help profits

A

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

55
Q

One of the most influential figures of the silent era.

Screen character “The Tramp” became a global phenomenon and remains one of cinema’s most iconic images.

A

Charlie Chaplin

56
Q

Effort by farm state members of Congress to help constituents

Government corporation would buy crops to guarantee profit from farmers and then sell crops overseas for lower price

Vetoed twice by Calvin Coolidge

A

McNary-Haugen Bill

57
Q

“God, J.P. Morgan and the Republican Party were going to keep everything going forever.”

A

Stockbroker description of the pro-business bias of Harding and Coolidge Administrations

58
Q

Belief in the biblical account of the origin of the universe and the origin of man

A

Creationism

59
Q

Overturned 1907 law requiring American women who married foreign nationsl to take their husband’s nationality

A

Cable Act of 1922

60
Q

Banned 65 books from the city’s bookstores

Inlcuding works by Uptain Sinclair, Dreiser, Ernest Hemingway

A

Boston’s Watch and Ward Committee

61
Q

Characteristic of the economy, examples of which include:

1% of banks controlled 50% of the resources

GM, Ford, and Chrysler controlled 4/5 of the auto industry

A

Economic or Industrial Concentration

62
Q

Allowed through Homer Snyder, representative from New York, introduction of legislation in 1919 to overturn Elk v. Wilkins ruling in 1884

A

Indian Citizenship

63
Q

Wrote “The Negro Speaks of Rivers”

One of leaders of Harlem Renaissance

A

Langston Hughes

64
Q

Written by Ernest Hemingway during his time in Paris about a group of American expatriates traveling to the bullfights in Pamplona

A

The Sun Also Rises

65
Q

Classic study of life in Muncie, Indiana, typical midwestern town written by Robert and Helen Lynd

Showed trend of leisure and consumption replacing interest in politics

A

Middleton

66
Q

Common aim of the following…

…Roman Catholic Church

…Catholic Holy Name Society

…Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith

…National Catholic Welfare Council

in response to the Nativist movement

A

Defend Ethnic Groups

67
Q

Italian tenor who sang to great acclaim

Made approximately 290 commercially released recordings from 1902 to 1920

1904 recording of “Vesti la giubba” from Pagliacci was the first sound recording to sell one million copies

A

Enrico Caruso

68
Q

Led Supreme Cout in a number of conservative rulings:

Struck down law barring interstate trade of goods produced by child labor

Repudiated Muller v. Oregon, which had restricted the working hours of women

A

Chief Justice William Howard Taft

69
Q

Black literary and artistic movement from the 1920s that celebrated and lamented black life in America

Artisits included: Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston, Florence Mills, Ethel Waters

A

Harlem Renaissance

70
Q

Naval oil reserve in Wyoming that was leased by the Interior Secretary, Albert Fall, to Sinclair and Doherty

In return, Fall received a $500,000 personal loan

Resulted in Fall being first cabinet member convicted of a felonly; spent one year in prison

A

Teapot Dome Scandal

71
Q

Described America’s consumer culture in the 1920s

Industry and methods to significantly influence the choices of consumers

Edward Bernays was one of the leading practitioners

A

Advertising Age

72
Q

Dominated and influenced the national political conventions in the 1920s, getting politicians to…

…lower taxes on income and revenue

…maintain higher tariffs

…support campaign against unions

A

Business Lobbyists

73
Q

Promoted by Alice Paul and the National Women’s Party

Called for the elimination of all legal distinctions on “account of sex”

Followed logically from winning the right to vote

Opposed by: League of Women Voters, Women’s Trade Union League

A

Equal Rights Amendment

74
Q

Flamboyant preacher in the 1920s

Drew huge crowds with his theatrical preaching style

Denounced sins ranging from Darwinism to alcohol

A

Billy Sunday

AP History (Bob) (28 decks)

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