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AP History (Bob) > Emergence of America as a World Power > Flashcards

Emergence of America as a World Power Flashcards

1
Q

Progressive and “leftist intellectual” writer

Rediculed other Progressives who believed that they could mold the war according to their own “liberal purposes”

He predicted the conflict would empower the “least democratic forces in American life”

A

Randolph Bourne

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2
Q

Process to of the United States becoming a more homogeneous national culture

A

“Americanization”

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3
Q

Term used by Allied propaganda to depict the German soldier

Germans were portrayed as bloodthirsty beasts

World War I was the first war where propaganda was used on a widespread scale

A

“Hun”

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4
Q

Group of U.S. senators opposed to American presence in Europe in any form

Influential in preventing the passage of the Versailles Treaty in the Senate

A

“Irreconcilables”

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5
Q

Wilson’s policy in Europe in January 1917

Outline of vision including freedom of the seas, restrictions on armaments

A

“Peace Without Victory”

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6
Q

Theme of Republican William Hardings campaign for the Election of 1920

A

“return to normalcy”

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7
Q

African-Americans…

…barred from joining unions, skilled employment

…barred from employment in new retail stores

…not included in idea of the melting pot

…had access to segregated settlement houses

…exluded from WWI’s woman’s hours

A

African-American Exclusion from Progressive Freedom

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8
Q

Britain, France, Russia, Japan

A

Allied Powers

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9
Q

Name for American army sent to Europe to aid Britain and France after United States entered World War I

General John Pershing commanded the army

A

American Expeditionary Force

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10
Q

United States foreign policy in 1914 at the start of World War I

A

American Neutrality

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11
Q

Helped identify radicals and critics of the war

Carried out “slacker raids” – men had to show to show draft cards

Cooperated with the government to crush the IWW – lynched IWW leader Frank Little

A

American Protective League

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12
Q

Founded in 1893 and increased public awareness of the social effects of alcohol on society

Supported politcians who favored prohibition and promoted statewide referendums in western and southern states to ban alcohol

A

Anti-Saloon League

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13
Q

Assasination by Serbian national started chain of events that quickly led to broad war

A

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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14
Q

More disciplined labor force

Promote more orderly city environment

Undermine urban political machines

Protect wives and children from domestic violence

A

Arguments for Prohibition

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15
Q

Supreme Court ruling that overturned Southern “peonage” laws because it violated the Thirteenth Admendment.

Peonage = the use of labors bound in servitude because of debt

Breaking a labor contract was a crime punishable by hard labor. The very act of quitting was considered evidence of intent to defraud the employer.

A

Bailey v. Alabama (1911)

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16
Q

American troops stopped Germans from crossing the Marne and advancing into Paris

One of the first major battles of World War I involving American troops

A

Battle of Chateau-Tierry

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17
Q

World War 1 battle in which U.S. Marines stoped a German offensive between June 6 - July 1, 1918

Dan Daly, two-time Congressional Medal of Honor winner said: “Come on, you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever?”

A

Belleau Wood

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18
Q

Epic movie released by director D.W. Griffith in 1915

Portrayed Reconstruction as a time when Southern blacks threatened basic American values, whicht he Ku Klux Klan protected

Was lauded by many including Woodrow Wilson

A

Birth of a Nation

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19
Q

Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of sterlization laws

A

Buck v. Bell (1927)

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20
Q

10 mile strip of land around Panama Canal

United States had sovereignty over this areas from Bunau-Virilla treaty until 2000

A

Canal Zone

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21
Q

Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria

A

Central Powers

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22
Q

Created by Woodrow Wilson during World War I to mobilize public opinion for the war

Most intensive use of propaganda to that time by the United States – explained the governments actions in entering the war

Image of “Uncle Sam” was created for this propaganda campaign

Headed by George Creel

Trained and dispatched 75,000 “Four Minute Men”

A

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

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23
Q

Merchant ships traveling together and protected by American warships, which guarded them from German U-boats

Used to protect ships carrying materials to Great Britain and France in World War I

A

Convoy System

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24
Q

“Come on, you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever?”

A

Dan Daly during the Battle of Belleau Wood

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25
Q

Foreign policy that increased American investment in the world as a method of exerting American influence; favored President William Howard Taft

In some parts of the world, such as Latin America, the increased American influence was resented

A

“Dollar Diplomacy”

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26
Q

Banned intoxicating liquor

Passed by Congress in December 1917

Ratified by the states in 1919

Went into effect in 1920

A

Eighteenth Amendment

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27
Q

World War I era law passed in 1917 made it illegal to obstruct the draft process in any way

Mandatory prison sentences were imposed on those who interfered with the draft

Any material sent through the mail that was said to incite treason could be seized

A

Espionage Act of 1917

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28
Q

Convicted in 1918 under the Espionage Act

Gave speech tracing dissent from Thomas Paine

Wilson did not commute his sentence

A

Eugene Debs

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29
Q

Woodrow Wilson’s view of post-World War I world he hoped the other Allied Powers would endorse. Issued in January 1918

Included:

national self-determination

freedom of the seas

free trade

arms reduction

open diplomacy (elimination of secret treaties)

creation of a League of Nations

A

Fourteen Points

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30
Q

Rationed coal and oil

A

Fuel Agency

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31
Q

Negotiated by Roosevelt to end the migration of Japanese to United States except for wives and children

A

Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907

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32
Q

“…conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses”

A

Edward Bernays on the Goal of the CPI

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33
Q

Large numbers of southern blacks moved to midwestern and eastern industrial cities beginning with World War I and continuing into the 1920s

Workers were needed there orginially because of the war and later because of immigration restrictions

Many blacks gladly left the racist South

War had opened opportunities due to fewer immigrants

Migration sustained by: higher wages, education opportunites for children, escape from threat of lynching, right to vote

A

Great Migration

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34
Q

United 365,000 migrant workers in Chicago

Demanded union representation, higher wages, eight-hour day; wokers flooded into Amalgamated Association

Industry magnates launched concerted counterattack and associated workers with communism, IWW

A

Great Steel Strike

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35
Q

Senator who argued that the League of Nations threatened America’s freedom of action

A

Henry Cabot Lodge

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36
Q
A

Ideology of Nationalism

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37
Q

First woman in Congress

Suffrage advocate

Opposed entry into World War I

A

Jeannette Rankin

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38
Q

John Dewey, intellectual

Walter Lippmann, journalist

Herbert Croly, journalist

Samuel Gompers, AFL head

Upton Sinclair, socialist writer

Florence Kelley, reformer

A

Progressives

39
Q

International body of nations that was proposed by Woodrow Wilson and was adopted at the Versailles Peace Treaty ending World War I

was never an effective body in reducing international tensions, in part because the United States never joined

A

League of Nations

40
Q

Gave President Wilson power to regulate the production and consumption of food and fuels during wartime

Wilson instituted voluntary control of prices against some arguments for administration control of prices and rationing

Passed Congress in August 1917

A

Lever Food and Fuel Control Act

41
Q

Sold to United States civilians during World War I

Holder who paid $10 could get back $13 if the held until maturity

Important in financing the war effort

Celebrities helped sell them

A

Liberty Bonds

42
Q

Popular foods were given different names in reaction to German antithapy

Hamburger

Sauerkraut

A

Liberty Sandwich

Liberty Cabbage

43
Q

British liner sunk off the coast of Ireland by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915

128 Americans dead among almost 1,200

Sinking caused outrage in the United States and drew the U.S. closer to war with Germany

A

Lusitania

44
Q

Led black organization that argued that blacks should disassociate themselves from the “evils” of white society

Organized a “back to Africa” movement and incouraged independent black businesses

A

Marcus Garvey

45
Q

Allied offensive in September to November 1918

American forces played a decisive role

Convinced German general staff that victory was impossible

A

Meuse-Argonne Offensive

46
Q

Organization that launched the struggle to enforce the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendment

Created by Du Bois

Tag line in 1970s was: “A mind is a terrible thing to waste”

A

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

47
Q

Founded in 1914 and preached patriotism and preparation for war

In 1915, successfully lobbied government officials to set up camps to prepare men for military life and combat

In 1917, it lobbied against immigration

A

National Security League

48
Q

Barred states from using sex as qualification to vote

Ratified in 1920

A

Nineteenth Amendment

49
Q
A

Open Door

50
Q

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Socialist Party – socialist vote averaged 20% in mayoral elections in 1917

A

Opposition to Entering World War I

51
Q

Part of the Red Scare, these were measures to hunt out political radicals and immigrants who were potential threats to American security

Organized by Attorney General and carried out by J. Edgar Hoover

Arrested 5,500 people

A

Palmer Raids

52
Q

Crucial for American economic growth and was constructed by American builders between 1904 and 1914

United States engineered a revolt against Columbia to guarantee a friendly government that would support this project

Reduced passage from East to West by 8,000 miles

A

Panama Canal

53
Q

Led attack on Columbus, New Mexico

Wilson responded by sending 10,000 troops

A

Pancho Villa

54
Q

Led uprising in Panama

Roosevelt helped by preventing Columbia from supressing

A

Philippe Bunau-Varilla

55
Q

Wilson’s foreign policy at the end of 1915

Initially seemed to have worked keeping the United States out of World War I

A

Policy of “Preparedness”

56
Q

American response to Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa’s raid against Columbus, New Mexico, on March 9, 1916.

15,000-man strong force that was sent into Mexico under General John J. Persing

Villa escaped but his army was dispersed

A

Punitive Expedition

57
Q

Vigorous repression of radicals, “political subversives” and “undesireable” immigrant groups took place in the years immediately following World War I

Nearly 6,500 “radicals” were arrested and sent to jail, while nearly 500 immigrants were deported

A

Red Scare

58
Q

Group in the US Senate led by Henry Cabot Lodge that was opposed to sections of the Versailles Treaty

Concerned that if the United States joined the League of Nations, American troops could be deployed without congressional approval

A

Reservationists

59
Q

Policy that extended the Monroe Doctrine

Claimed right to exercise “international policy power”

Warned European nations against intervening in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere and stated that the United States had the right to take action against a “wrongdoing” nation in Latin America

A

Roosevelt Corollary

60
Q

Awarded based on negotiated settlement of Russo-Japanese War of 1905

A

Roosevelt Nobel Peace Prize

61
Q

“Speak softly and carry a big stick”

A

Roosevelt’s Favorite Proverb

62
Q

Stated it was illegal to criticize the government, the Constitution, the U.S. Army, or the U.S. Navy

Passed in 1918

Prohibited statements that cast “contempt, scorn, or disrepute” on the “form of government”

Socialist leader Eugene Debs received a 3-year sentence for criticizing militarism, and hundreds of others went to prison

A

Sedition Act of 1918

63
Q

Required 24 million men to register for the draft

Resulted in Army expanding from 120,000 to 5 million men

A

Selective Service Act of 1917

64
Q

German response and committment to stop U-boat attacks on passenger ships

Came after Wilson’s demand following U-boat attack on French passenger liner in March 1916 that injured 6 Americans

A

Sussex Pledge

65
Q

Written by W.E.B. Du Bois calling for blacks to press for rights

A

The Souls of Black Folk

66
Q

Established the League of Nations

Applied self-determination to Eastern Europe

Created new nations: Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Yogoslavia

Harsh treatment of Germany – limits to armed forces, significant reparations

A

Treaty of Versailles

67
Q

Large group of caucausions attacked blacks; more than 300 died in the violence

A

Tulsa Race Riots

68
Q

Dominated economies of Honduras and Costa Rica

Investment encouraged by U.S. government

A

United Fruit Company

69
Q

Black organization of the early 1920s founded by Marcus Garvey, who argued that blacks should diassociate themselves from the “evils” of white society

Organized a “back to Africa” movement and encouraged independent black businesses

A

Untied Negro Improvement Association

70
Q

German policy that U-boats would attack all ships attempting to land at British or French ports

Woodrow Wilson said that this volated the neutral rights of the United States, and America was forced to declare war

A

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

71
Q

Result of Lenin’s revolution and World War I

A

Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR)

72
Q

Location of battle in Mexico between American troops who arrived to prevent Huerta from obtaining weapons

Wilson sent troops there upon learning that a German ship was heading to port with weapons

100 Mexicans and 19 Americans died

Location of Cortes arrival in 16th century

A

Vera Cruz Incident

73
Q

Mexican military leader who seized power in 1913

Assisinated Franscisco Madero

A

Victoriano Huerto

74
Q

Wrote The Souls of Black Folk calling for blacks to press for equal rights

Gathered group of black leaders at Niagra Falls in 1905

Helped to create the NAACP

A

W.E.B. Du Bois

75
Q

“…the traditional liberties of speech and opinion rest on no solid foundation”

A

Walter Lippman

76
Q

Authorized in 1917, mobilized American industries for the war effort

Presided over all elements of war production

Headed by Bernard Baruch, Wall Street financier

Established standardized specifications for many things

American production increased 22%

A

War Industries Board

77
Q

Established minimum wage, eight-hour day, right to form unions

Agencies were partners with businesses as much as regulators

A

War Labor Board

78
Q

California law passed in 1913 that prohibited Japanese who were not American citizens from owning land in California

Illustrates the nativist sentiment found in much of American society in the first decades of the 20th century

A

Webb Alien Land Law

79
Q

Woodrow Wilson’s Secretary of State

Strong anti-imperialist

Resigned after Wilson’s strongly worded response to the sinking of the Lusitania

A

William Jennings Bryan

80
Q

“…as crusaders, not merely to win a war, but to win a cause…to lead the world on the way of liberty.”

A

Wilson at Versailles

81
Q

“He kept us out of war”

A

Wilson’s Campaign Slogan

82
Q

“The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must bet planted upon the tested foundation of political liberty.”

A

Woodrow Wilson’s Declaration of War

83
Q

As president, helped pass the last major progressive legislation

Led the United States into World War I, and won international fame and a Nobel Peace Prize for his Fourteen Points

Lost his health trying to pass the Versailles Treaty at home in the United States

A

Woodrow Wilson

84
Q

Would not recognize “government of butchers”

A

Woodrow Wilson, 1913

Reference to Huerto’s Assassination of Madero

85
Q

“Go out and sell goods that will make the world more comfortable and happy, and convert them to the principles of America”

A

Woodrow Wilson, 1916

86
Q

Experience battling this disease in Cuba allowed the Army to successfully deal with it while building the Panama Canal

Viral disease transmitted by mosquito

A

Yellow Fever

87
Q

German foreign minister sent communication to Mexico suggesting that Mexican army should join forces with Germany against the United States and reclaim American southwest

British deciphered and turned it over the United States, causing anti-German feelings

A

Zimmerman Telegram

88
Q

Incident that prompted President Roosevelt to dishonorably discharge 156 African Americans began in July 1906

Blacks had refused to cooperate with a local investigation of a shootout

Example of lingering discrimination in the United States

A

Brownsville Affair

89
Q

US troops arrived in Russia as part of Allied expeditionary force in 1918 to prevent shipment of German arms. Hemmed in by Russians for more than a year until they departed.

Later, 10,000 U.S. troops arrived in Vladivostok in August 1918 to limit Japanese influence in Russia.

A

United States in Russia

90
Q

Foreign policy or principles that included:

free flow of trade, investment, information and culture

inherent in Wilson’s statement that “since the manufacturer insists on having the world as a market, the flag of his nation must follow him and the doors of nations which are closed against him must be battered down.”

A

“Open Door” Policy

91
Q

Belief that loyalty to one’s nation and its political and economic interests came before any other public loyalty

Increased in the period leading up to World War I

Encouraged support for military buildup that created tensions across Europe

A

Ideology of Nationalism

92
Q

Organized by Du Bois to promote black rights

Created Declaration of Principles calling for:

…right to vote.

…end to racial segregation

…complete equality in economic and educational opportunity

A

Niagra Falls Conference of 1905

93
Q

Developed idea of measuring intelligence that was used to justify discrimination against blacks and sterialization laws

A

Lewis Terman and IQ

94
Q
A

AP History (Bob) (28 decks)

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