The Tongue.

Question 1

What is the largest organ in the oral cavity?

Answer 1

The tongue.

Question 2

What parts of the mouth does the tongue make contact with?

Answer 2

The hard palate.

The teeth.

The floor of the oral cavity.

Question 3

What fixes the tongue into the mouth?

Answer 3

The root of the tongue.

Question 4

Where is the root of the tongue located?

Answer 4

At the caudal most section of the oropharynx.

Question 5

What part of the tongue is the free part of the tongue?

Answer 5

The more rostral part of the tongue.

Question 6

What are the 3 important functions of the tongue?

Answer 6

Deglutition (swallowing).

Prehension.

Taste.

Question 7

Is prehension a major function of the tongue in the dog and cat?

Answer 7

No.

Question 8

What are the 3 components of the tongue?

Answer 8

The root.

The body.

The apex.

Question 9

What part of the tongue is the apex?

Answer 9

The rostral most portion of the tongue.

Question 10

What attaches the body of the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 10

The frenulum lingua.

Question 11

What are the 2 projections on each side of the frenulum lingua?

Answer 11

Sublingual caruncles.

Question 12

What occurs at the sublingual caruncles?

Answer 12

They allow for the opening of the ducts of the salivary glands in the mouth (mandibular and sublingual glands).

Question 13

What bone is the caudal part of the tongue attached to?

Answer 13

The basihyoid bone of the hyoid apparatus.

Question 14

What is the median sulcus of the tongue?

Answer 14

A groove that runs down the centre of the dorsal aspect of the tongue.

Question 15

Why is the dorsal surface of the tongue very rough?

Answer 15

It allows the tongue to grip onto food to prevent it from falling out of the mouth.

Question 16

What are the structures that makes the dorsal surface of the tongue so rough?

Answer 16

Papillae.

Question 17

What are the 2 types of papillae that are found on the tongue?

Answer 17

Mechanical papillae.

Gustatory papillae.

Question 18

What is the role of mechanical papillae?

Answer 18

They make up the rough surface of the tongue and prevent food from escaping.

Question 19

What are the 2 types of mechanical papillae?

Answer 19

Filiform papillae.

Conical papillae.

Question 20

Where are filiform papillae (mechanical) found on the tongue?

Answer 20

All over the dorsal aspect tongue.

Question 21

Where are conical papillae (mechanical) found on the tongue?

Answer 21

On the caudal aspect of the tongue (in the oro-pharyngeal region).

Question 22

Why do cats have rougher tongues than dogs?

Answer 22

As conical papillae are present on the rostral surface of the tongue.

Question 23

What is the function of gustatory papillae?

Answer 23

They aid with taste.

Question 24

What are the 3 classes of gustatory papillae?

Answer 24

Fungiform papillae.

Vallate papillae.

Foliate papillae.

Question 25

Where are fungiform papillae found on the tongue?

Answer 25

All over the dorsal surface of the tongue.

Question 26

Where are vallate papillae found in the mouth?

Answer 26

In the oropharynx.

Question 27

Where are the foliate papillae found on the tongue?

Answer 27

On the sides and caudal aspect of the tongue.

Question 28

What type of papillae are found in young animals and what is their function?

Answer 28

Marginal papillae. These help young animals with suckling.

Question 29

What is the lyssa of the tongue?

Answer 29

Rod shaped fibrous bodies that help give stability to the tongue.

Question 30

What kind of animals will have a lyssa in their tongue?

Answer 30

Carnivores only.

Question 31

Where is the lyssa found in the tongue?

Answer 31

At the rostral most aspect.

Question 32

What are the 3 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 32

The styloglossus muscle. The hyoglossus muscle. The genioglossus muscle.

Question 33

What is the role of the styloglossus muscle?

Answer 33

It connects the tongue to the stylohyoid bone.

Question 34

What is the role of the hyoglossus muscle?

Answer 34

It connects the tongue to the hyoid apparatus.

Question 35

Where is the hyoglossus muscle found relative to the tongue?

Answer 35

On the ventral aspect of the tongue.

Question 36

What is the function of the genioglossus muscle?

Answer 36

It connects the ventral aspect of the tongue to the mandible.

Question 37

How many genioglossus muscles are associated with the tongue?

Answer 37

2, one on the right and one on the left. These 2 muscles meet each other at the frenulum lingua.

Question 38

What are the 3 areas of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 38

The superficial longitudinal fibres. The deep longitudinal fibres. The transverse and perpendicular fibres.

Question 39

What are the intrinsic muscles are responsible for?

Answer 39

The internal movements of the tongue. Extrinsic muscles will extend or retract the tongue.

Question 40

Where will the arteries that supply the tongue enter the tongue?

Answer 40

On the ventral aspect.

Question 41

What is the major artery of the tongue?

Answer 41

The lingual artery.

Question 42

The lingual artery is a branch of what other artery?

Answer 42

The external carotid artery.

Question 43

What vein drains blood from the tongue?

Answer 43

The lingual facial vein.

Question 44

The lingual facial vein is a tributary of what vein?

Answer 44

The maxillary vein.

Question 45

What vein drains the tip of the tongue?

Answer 45

The superficial ventral vein.

Question 46

What are the 5 nerves that innervate the tongue?

Answer 46

The chordates tympani and lingual nerves. The glossopharyngeal nerve. The vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves.

Question 47

What nerve allows us to taste food?

Answer 47

The chorda tympani.

Question 48

The lingual nerves are branches of what nerve?

Answer 48

The tri-geminal nerves.

Question 49

What are the lingual nerves responsible for?

Answer 49

General sensory information e.g. sensing hard objects.

Question 50

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 50

It is a cranial nerve that is responsible for taste in the oro-phrayngeal section of the tongue.

Question 51

What nerves innervate the caudal most part of the tongue?

Answer 51

The vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves.

Question 52

What nerve innervates the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 52

The hypoglossal nerve.