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Anatomy 1. The Digestive System. > The Tongue. > Flashcards

The Tongue. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ in the oral cavity?

A

The tongue.

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2
Q

What parts of the mouth does the tongue make contact with?

A

The hard palate.

The teeth.

The floor of the oral cavity.

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3
Q

What fixes the tongue into the mouth?

A

The root of the tongue.

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4
Q

Where is the root of the tongue located?

A

At the caudal most section of the oropharynx.

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5
Q

What part of the tongue is the free part of the tongue?

A

The more rostral part of the tongue.

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6
Q

What are the 3 important functions of the tongue?

A

Deglutition (swallowing).

Prehension.

Taste.

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7
Q

Is prehension a major function of the tongue in the dog and cat?

A

No.

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8
Q

What are the 3 components of the tongue?

A

The root.

The body.

The apex.

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9
Q

What part of the tongue is the apex?

A

The rostral most portion of the tongue.

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10
Q

What attaches the body of the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity?

A

The frenulum lingua.

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11
Q

What are the 2 projections on each side of the frenulum lingua?

A

Sublingual caruncles.

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12
Q

What occurs at the sublingual caruncles?

A

They allow for the opening of the ducts of the salivary glands in the mouth (mandibular and sublingual glands).

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13
Q

What bone is the caudal part of the tongue attached to?

A

The basihyoid bone of the hyoid apparatus.

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14
Q

What is the median sulcus of the tongue?

A

A groove that runs down the centre of the dorsal aspect of the tongue.

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15
Q

Why is the dorsal surface of the tongue very rough?

A

It allows the tongue to grip onto food to prevent it from falling out of the mouth.

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16
Q

What are the structures that makes the dorsal surface of the tongue so rough?

A

Papillae.

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17
Q

What are the 2 types of papillae that are found on the tongue?

A

Mechanical papillae.

Gustatory papillae.

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18
Q

What is the role of mechanical papillae?

A

They make up the rough surface of the tongue and prevent food from escaping.

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19
Q

What are the 2 types of mechanical papillae?

A

Filiform papillae.

Conical papillae.

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20
Q

Where are filiform papillae (mechanical) found on the tongue?

A

All over the dorsal aspect tongue.

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21
Q

Where are conical papillae (mechanical) found on the tongue?

A

On the caudal aspect of the tongue (in the oro-pharyngeal region).

22
Q

Why do cats have rougher tongues than dogs?

A

As conical papillae are present on the rostral surface of the tongue.

23
Q

What is the function of gustatory papillae?

A

They aid with taste.

24
Q

What are the 3 classes of gustatory papillae?

A

Fungiform papillae.

Vallate papillae.

Foliate papillae.

25
Q

Where are fungiform papillae found on the tongue?

A

All over the dorsal surface of the tongue.

26
Q

Where are vallate papillae found in the mouth?

A

In the oropharynx.

27
Q

Where are the foliate papillae found on the tongue?

A

On the sides and caudal aspect of the tongue.

28
Q

What type of papillae are found in young animals and what is their function?

A

Marginal papillae.

These help young animals with suckling.

29
Q

What is the lyssa of the tongue?

A

Rod shaped fibrous bodies that help give stability to the tongue.

30
Q

What kind of animals will have a lyssa in their tongue?

A

Carnivores only.

31
Q

Where is the lyssa found in the tongue?

A

At the rostral most aspect.

32
Q

What are the 3 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

The styloglossus muscle.

The hyoglossus muscle.

The genioglossus muscle.

33
Q

What is the role of the styloglossus muscle?

A

It connects the tongue to the stylohyoid bone.

34
Q

What is the role of the hyoglossus muscle?

A

It connects the tongue to the hyoid apparatus.

35
Q

Where is the hyoglossus muscle found relative to the tongue?

A

On the ventral aspect of the tongue.

36
Q

What is the function of the genioglossus muscle?

A

It connects the ventral aspect of the tongue to the mandible.

37
Q

How many genioglossus muscles are associated with the tongue?

A

2, one on the right and one on the left.

These 2 muscles meet each other at the frenulum lingua.

38
Q

What are the 3 areas of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

The superficial longitudinal fibres.

The deep longitudinal fibres.

The transverse and perpendicular fibres.

39
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles are responsible for?

A

The internal movements of the tongue.

Extrinsic muscles will extend or retract the tongue.

40
Q

Where will the arteries that supply the tongue enter the tongue?

A

On the ventral aspect.

41
Q

What is the major artery of the tongue?

A

The lingual artery.

42
Q

The lingual artery is a branch of what other artery?

A

The external carotid artery.

43
Q

What vein drains blood from the tongue?

A

The lingual facial vein.

44
Q

The lingual facial vein is a tributary of what vein?

A

The maxillary vein.

45
Q

What vein drains the tip of the tongue?

A

The superficial ventral vein.

46
Q

What are the 5 nerves that innervate the tongue?

A

The chordates tympani and lingual nerves.

The glossopharyngeal nerve.

The vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves.

47
Q

What nerve allows us to taste food?

A

The chorda tympani.

48
Q

The lingual nerves are branches of what nerve?

A

The tri-geminal nerves.

49
Q

What are the lingual nerves responsible for?

A

General sensory information e.g. sensing hard objects.

50
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

It is a cranial nerve that is responsible for taste in the oro-phrayngeal section of the tongue.

51
Q

What nerves innervate the caudal most part of the tongue?

A

The vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves.

52
Q

What nerve innervates the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

The hypoglossal nerve.

Anatomy 1. The Digestive System. (16 decks)

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