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Anatomy 1. The Digestive System. > The Abdominal Cavity. > Flashcards

The Abdominal Cavity. Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the abdominal cavity lie in relation to the diaphragm?

A

It lies caudally to the diaphragm.

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2
Q

What covers all of the organs within the abdominal cavity?

A

A serous membrane /peritoneum called visceral peritoneum.

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3
Q

What is the function of the visceral peritoneum?

A

It secretes fluid which lubricates the organs and stops them from rubbing together.

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4
Q

What is the cranial most boundary of the abdominal cavity?

A

The diaphragm.

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5
Q

What forms the roof of the abdominal cavity?

A

The axial skeleton.

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6
Q

What provides the main support for the abdominal cavity?

A

The axial skeleton.

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7
Q

What forms the walls and floor of the abdominal cavity?

A

The hypaxial muscles.

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8
Q

What name is given to the peritoneum that covers the roof, walls and floor of the abdominal cavity?

A

The parietal peritoneum.

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9
Q

What name is given to the space that lies between the visceral and parietal peritoneum?

A

The parietal cavity.

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of fascia that are found in the abdominal cavity?

A

The transversalis fascia.

The diaphragmatic fascia.

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11
Q

Where do the organs of the thoracic cavity receive their support from?

A

From folds that are derived from the parietal peritoneum.

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12
Q

Where do the folds that provide support to the organs of the thoracic cavity run between?

A

Between the body wall (parietal mesentery) and the organ (visceral mesentery).

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13
Q

What name is given to the folds that provide support to the organs of the thoracic cavity run between?

A

Connecting peritoneum or mesentery.

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14
Q

What contains the blood and nerve supply for the organs of the thoracic cavity?

A

The mesentery.

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15
Q

How does the abdominal cavity help to maintain the pressure in the thoracic cavity?

A

Via a phenomenon known as the abdominal press.

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16
Q

How does the abdominal press work?

A

The contraction of the abdominal and hypaxial muscles generates pressure in the abdominal cavity.

This pressure can be transferred to the thoracic cavity via the diaphragm and then transferred into a cough.

This same method also allows for the excretion faeces and urine.

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17
Q

What are the 4 major muscles in the walls of the abdominal cavity?

A

The external abdominal oblique muscle.

The internal abdominal oblique muscle.

The transverse abdominalis muscle.

The rectus abdominis muscle.

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18
Q

What is the origin, insertion and fibre direction of the external abdominal oblique?

A

Origin. Rib cage/lumbar region.

Insertion. Linea alba (ventral midline).

The fibres run in a caudo-ventral direction.

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19
Q

What is the origin, insertion and fibre direction of the internal abdominal oblique?

A

Origin. Tubor coxae, aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique, the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.

Insertion. Linea alba (ventral midline).

The fibres run in a cranio-ventral direction and the muscle fans out.

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20
Q

What is the origin, insertion and fibre direction of the transverse abdominalis?

A

Origin. Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.

Insertion. Linea alba (ventral midline).

The fibres run in a vertical direction.

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21
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A

Origin. The caudal part of the sternum.

Insertion. The pubic bone.

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22
Q

What muscle forms the floor of the abdominal cavity?

A

The rectus abdominis muscle.

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23
Q

What encloses the rectus abdominis muscle?

A

The aponeuroses of the other 3 muscles.

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24
Q

What helps the rectus abdominis to insert onto the pubic bone?

A

The pre-pubic tendon.

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25
Q

How many external oblique muscles are present in the abdominal cavity?

A

2, one on each side.

The aponeuroses of both muscles join up with each other on the linea alba (ventral midline).

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26
Q

What is the outermost muscle of the abdominal wall?

A

The external abdominal oblique.

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27
Q

What lies underneath the external abdominal oblique muscle?

A

The internal abdominal oblique muscle.

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28
Q

What lies underneath the internal abdominal oblique muscle?

A

The rectus abdominis muscle.

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29
Q

Where does the transverse abdominalis muscle lie relative to the rectus abdominalis muscle.

A

Part of it is found outside the rectus abdominalis muscle.

Another part is found inside the rectus abdominis muscle.

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30
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

The structure that is present along the floor of the abdominal cavity and is associated with the rectus abdominus muscle.

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31
Q

What are the 2 sections that the rectus sheath is divided into?

A

The internal rectus sheath.

The external rectus sheath.

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32
Q

What is the internal rectus sheath?

A

Anything that is present inside the rectus abdominal muscle is considered to be part of the internal rectus sheath.

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33
Q

What is the external rectus sheath?

A

Anything that is present outside the rectus abdominal muscle is considered to be part of the external rectus sheath.

34
Q

What are the 3 sections that the rectus sheath is divided into?

A

The most cranial section is number 1.

The middle section is number 2.

The caudal most section is number 3.

35
Q

What is section 1 of the rectus sheath known as?

A

As the xyphoid region.

36
Q

What makes up the innermost layer of section 1 of the rectus sheath?

A

The transerve abdominalis muscle.

This is because the aponeurosis of the transverse abdominalis runs inside the rectus abdominis muscle.

37
Q

What makes up the 2nd layer of section 1 of the rectus sheath?

A

The internal abdominal oblique muscle.

38
Q

What happens in section 1 of the rectus sheath as the internal abdominal oblique muscle runs towards the rectus abdominis muscle?

A

The aponeurosis splits and runs on both sides of the rectus abdominis muscle.

This means that an inner and outer layer of aponeurosis is formed.

39
Q

What makes up the internal and external rectus sheath in section 1?

A

Internal rectus sheath.
Transversis abdominis muscle + internal abdominal oblique muscle.

External rectus sheath.
Internal abdominal oblique muscle + external abdominal oblique muscle.

40
Q

What makes up the internal and external rectus sheath in section 2?

A

Internal rectus sheath. Transversis abdominis muscle.

External rectus sheath.
Internal abdominal oblique muscle + external abdominal oblique muscle.

41
Q

What makes up the internal and external rectus sheath in section 3?

A

Internal rectus sheath.
None.

External rectus sheath. Transversis abdomainis muscle + internal abdominal oblique muscle + external abdominal oblique muscle.

42
Q

Why do we make incisions into the abdomen along the linea alba?

A

As there is very little blood flow to the aponeurosis and this minimises bleeding.

43
Q

What are the 6 layers that will be cut through when transecting the abdominal wall?

A

The skin.

The external abdominal oblique.

The internal abdominal oblique.
Rectus abdominis.

Transversis abdominalis.

Pereitoneum.

44
Q

What are the 2 major blood vessels within the abdominal cavity?

A

The caudal vena cava.

The aorta.

45
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

A hole that lies in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle.

The superficial inguinal ring lies above the deep inguinal ring, however, these structures are not aligned with each other.

46
Q

What lies caudally to the superficial inguinal ring?

A

The vascular lacuna.

47
Q

What is the function of the vascular lacuna?

A

It is the passage between the medial muscles of the thigh and the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle.

It allows for the femoral artery, vein and nerve to travel to the hindlimb.

48
Q

What us the tendon of insertion for the external abdominal oblique muscle?

A

The pre-pubic tendon.

49
Q

The pre-pubic tendon inserts onto what part of the pubis?

A

The pectin of the pubis.

50
Q

What are the 4 main sites where blood vessels will arrive into the abdominal cavity?

A

The cranio-dorsal aspect.

The caudo-dorsal aspect.

The caudo-ventral aspect.

The cranio-ventral aspect.

51
Q

The blood vessels that lie in the cranio-dorsal quadrant of the abdomen are supplied by what major blood vessel?

A

The aorta.

52
Q

What branches of the aorta supply the abdominal walls?

A

Parietal branches.

53
Q

What is the first arterial branch in the cranio-dorsal quadrant of the abdomen?

A

The common trunk.

It forms the caudal phrenic and cranial abdominal arteries (phrenico-abdominal artery).

54
Q

The caudal phrenic and cranial abdominal arteries are responsible for supplying what areas of the abdomen?

A

The diaphragm and the cranio-dorsal quadrant of the abdominal wall.

55
Q

What blood vessel supplies the cranial ventral quadrant of the abdomen?

A

The internal thoracic artery.

56
Q

What blood vessels in the cranial ventral quadrant of the abdomen are formed by the internal thoracic artery?

A

The musculo-phrenic artery.

The cranial epigastric artery.

57
Q

What is the major artery that supplies the cranio-ventral quadrant of the abdomen?

A

The cranial epigastric artery.

58
Q

What is the major branch of the cranial epigastric artery?

A

The cranial superficial epigastric artery.

59
Q

What is the main artery for the caudo-dorsal quadrant of the abdomen?

A

The deepcircumfelx iliac artery.

60
Q

What arteries supply the caudo-ventral quadrant of the abdominal wall?

A

The caudal epigastric and deep pudendal arteries which both supply the .

61
Q

The caudal epigastric and deep pudendal arteries are both branches of what artery?

A

The femoral artery.

62
Q

The femoral artery is a branch of what artery?

A

The external iliac artery.

63
Q

Why does the blood supply to the floor of the abdominal cavity differ depending on whether the animal is a male or female?

A

Because females have mammary glands which require a good blood supply.

64
Q

What artery supplies the abdominal wall and the mammary glands on both sides

A

The caudal superficial epigastric artery.

65
Q

How many pairs of mammary glands are found on the dog?

A

3 pairs of mammary glands.

66
Q

What are the names of the 3 pairs of mammary glands?

A

The inguinal mammary glands.

The caudal abdominal mammary glands.

The cranial abdominal mammary glands.

67
Q

What artery supplies the cranial region of the abdominal floor?

A

The cranial superficial epigastric artery.

68
Q

The cranial superficial epigastric artery anastamoses with what artery?

A

The caudal superficial epigastric artery.

69
Q

What is the 1st nerve that is present in the abdominal cavity?

A

The nerve that lies on the caudal side of the 13th rib.

It is known as the 13th thoracic costo-abdominal nerve.

70
Q

Any nerves that occur after the 13th thoracic costo-abdominal nerve are what nerves?

A

Spinal nerves which branch into the dorsal and ventral branches.

71
Q

The dorsal branches of the spinal nerves take care of what muscles?

A

The epaxial muscles.

72
Q

The ventral branches of the spinal nerves take care of what muscles?

A

Both abdominal oblique muscles.

73
Q

The nerve that arises from T13 is known by what name?

A

T13. Costo-abdominal nerve.

74
Q

What direction do the abdominal nerves run in?

A

They run obliquely along the abdominal wall and are directed caudally and ventrally.

75
Q

What name is given to the nerve that emerges from L1?

A

L1. Cranial ilio-hypogastric nerve.

76
Q

What name is given to the nerve that emerges from L2?

A

L2. Caudal ilio-hypogastric nerve.

77
Q

What name is given to the nerve that emerges from L3?

A

L3. Ilioingual nerve.

78
Q

What name is given to the nerve that emerges from L4?

A

L4. The lateral cutaneous femoral nerve.

79
Q

The nerves from L5 onwards are part of what plexus?

A

The lumbo-sacral plexus.

80
Q

The lumbo-sacral plexus supplies what area of the body?

A

The hindlimb and structures of the pelvic cavity.

Anatomy 1. The Digestive System. (16 decks)

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