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Anatomy 1. The Digestive System. > The Pharynx and the Oesophagus. > Flashcards

The Pharynx and the Oesophagus. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the caudal most part of the oral cavity.

A

The oropharynx.

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2
Q

What marks the beginning of the oropharynx?

A

The palatoglossal arches.

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3
Q

What joins up with the caudal most part of the oropharynx?

A

The nasopharynx.

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4
Q

What name is given to the point where the oropharynx and nasopharynx join up with each other?

A

The common pharynx (inter pharyngeal opening).

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5
Q

What is formed caudally to the common pharynx?

A

The laryngophraynx.

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6
Q

The laryngopharynx lies cranially to what organ?

A

To the oesophagus.

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7
Q

What 4 organs will food pass through once it has been swallowed?

A

The oral cavity.

The oral pharynx.

The laryngopharynx.

The oesophagus.

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8
Q

What feature of the larynx allows fluids to flow towards the laryngopahrynx and enter the oesophagus?

A

The piriform recesses.

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9
Q

What muscles are associated with the pharynx?

A

The hyopharangeus muscle.

The thyropharangeus muscle.

The cricopharangeus muscle.

The pteropharangeus muscle.

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10
Q

What is the role of the hyopharangeus muscle?

A

It connects the pharynx to the hyoid apparatus.

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11
Q

What is the role of the thyropharangeus muscle?

A

It connects the pharynx to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx.

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12
Q

What is the role of the cricopharangeus muscle?

A

It connects the pharynx to the cricoid cartilage of the larynx.

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13
Q

What is the role of the pteropharangeus muscle.

A

It connects the pharynx to the pterygo bone of the skull.

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14
Q

All the muscles that are associated with the pharynx help to form what organ?

A

The cranial oesophageal sphincter.

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15
Q

What is the role of the muscles of the laryngopharynx?

A

They control the passage of food from the oropharynx to the oesophagus.

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16
Q

Where does the oesophagus run from and to?

A

From the cricoid cartilage to the cardia of the stomach.

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17
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus?

A

To transport food from the oropharynx to the stomach.

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18
Q

The oesophagus is a continuation of what organ?

A

The laryngopharynx.

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19
Q

What structure marks the border between the laryngopharynx and the oesophagus?

A

The pharyngoesophogeal limen.

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20
Q

What muscles help to form the cranial/upper oesophageal sphincter?

A

The cricopharyngeus muscle.

The thyropharyngeus muscle.

21
Q

What is the function of the cranial oesophageal sphincter?

A

It controls the entry of food into the oesophagus.

22
Q

Will food enter the oesophagus when the muscles of the cranial oesophogeal sphincter are contracted?

A

If the muscles are contracted then it will be difficult for food to enter the oesophagus.

If the muscles are relaxed then it will be easy for food to enter the oesophagus.

23
Q

What is the role of the caudal/lower oesophageal sphincter?

A

It guards the entrance between the oesophagus and the stomach.

24
Q

Is the caudal/lower oesophageal sphincter part of the stomach or the oesophagus?

A

This sphincter is said to be part of the stomach and not part of the oesophagus.

25
Q

Where is the oesophagus positioned relative to the trachea?

A

It begins dorsally to the trachea and then moves to the left side.

As the 2 tubes pass through the thoracic inlet the oesophagus moves back to a dorsal position.

Once inside the thoracic cavity it reverts back to its position on the left side.

26
Q

Why is the thoracic inlet a common site for oesophogeal food blockages?

A

As it is surrounded by bones and cannot expand very far.

27
Q

The oesophagus is found in what 3 regions of the body?

A

The cervical region.

The thoracic region.

The abdominal region.

28
Q

The oesophagus runs through what part of the thoracic cavity?

A

The mediastinum.

29
Q

What part of the diaphragm will the oesophagus pass through?

A

The oesophogral hiatus.

30
Q

Is the oesophagus located in the tendonous or muscular part of the diaphragm?

A

The muscular part of the diaphragm.

31
Q

Why is the oesophageal hiatus a common site for food blockages?

A

When the diaphragmatic muscles contract they may inhibit the passage of food down the oesophagus.

32
Q

What are the 3 most likely locations for oesophageal blockages?

A

The thoracic inlet.

The oesophogeal hiatus.

The base off the heart.

33
Q

What is megasophagus characterised by?

A

When the oesophagus does not close causing food to accumulate in the oesophagus rather than travelling straight to the stomach.

34
Q

What can occur when there is recurrent inflammation of the oesophagus?

A

Benign abdominal stricture.

This is when the internal walls of the oesophagus stick together.

35
Q

Where does the oesophagus enter the stomach?

A

On the left side, in the fundic region.

36
Q

What abdominal organs does the oesophagus make contact with?

A

The stomach.

The liver.

37
Q

What is the point of the liver which makes contact with the oesophagus?

A

The oesophageal notch which is on the left side of the liver.

38
Q

The oesophagus is closely associated with what organs in the cervical region?

A

The trachea.

The hypaxial muscles.

39
Q

The oesophagus is closely associated with what organs in the thoracic region?

A

The lungs.

The base of the heart.

The blood vessels.

The Vagus nerve.

40
Q

The oesophagus is closely associated with what organs in the abdominal region?

A

The stomach and the liver.

41
Q

What are the 4 layers which make up the walls of the oesophagus (from innermost to outermost)?

A

Mucosa.

Submucosa.

A muscular layer.

Tunica adventitia (in the neck)/tunica serosa in the abdomen and thorax.

42
Q

What shaped muscles are found in the muscular layer of the oesophagus?

A

A circular layer and a longitudinal layer.

43
Q

What is formed by the longitudinal folds of the oesophagus?

A

The longitudinal folds that project into the lumen of the oesophagus.

44
Q

How much striated muscle is found in the oesophagus of the dog?

A

There is striated muscle throughout the oesophagus.

45
Q

How much striated muscle is found in the oesophagus of the cat?

A

There is striated muscle for the upper 2/3rds and smooth muscle for the lower 2/3rds.

46
Q

Can dogs regurgitate food at will?

A

Yes as there is striated muscle throughout the organ.

47
Q

What innervates the oesophagus?

A

The Vagus nerve.

Various nerves of the sympathetic division.

48
Q

The vagus nerve is part of what division of the nervous system?

A

The parasympathetic division.

Anatomy 1. The Digestive System. (16 decks)

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