The Skeleton and Muscles

Question 1

Function of the skeleton

Answer 1

Support
Shape
Protection
Movement
Blood cell production

Question 2

How many bones

Answer 2

206

Question 3

How is skeleton divided

Answer 3

Axial
Appendicular

Question 4

Axial skeleton contains:

Answer 4

Skull
Sternum
Rib
Vertebrae
Coccyx

Question 5

Appendicular skeleton contains:

Answer 5

Clavicle (pectoral girdle)
Scapula (pectoral girdle)
Humerus
Pelvic girdle
Radius
Ulna
Carpal
Metacarpal
Phalange
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsal
Metatarsal
Phalange

Question 6

Axial skeleton definition

Answer 6

Consists of the skull spine ribs and sternum

Over 20 bones fused together

Question 7

How many bones in vertebrae

Answer 7

33

Question 8

No. of vertebre in:
Neck/Clavical

Answer 8

7

Question 9

No. of vertebre in:
Thoracic/Chest

Answer 9

12

Question 10

No. of vertebre in:
Lumbar/Back

Answer 10

5

Question 11

No. of vertebre in:
Sacrum

Answer 11

5

Question 12

No. of vertebre in:
Coccyx

Answer 12

4

Question 13

Pectoral girdle’s attached limb is

Answer 13

Arm

Question 14

Pelvic girdle attached limb:

Answer 14

Leg

Question 15

Pectoral girdle contains

Answer 15

Clavical
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals and metacarpals

Question 16

Pelvic girdle contains

Answer 16

Femur
Knee cap
Tibia
Fibula
Tersas and metatarsals

Question 17

Bone structure basic

Answer 17

Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Epiphysis

Question 18

Hollow centre region of bone called?

Answer 18

Medullary cavity (contains yellow bone marrow that stored fat)

Question 19

Medullary cavity function

Answer 19

contains yellow bone marrow that stored fat

Question 20

Cartilage function

Answer 20

Reduces friction
Shock absorber

Question 21

Periosteum is…

Answer 21

A tough fibrous layer surrounding each bone
Contains calcium and collagen

Question 22

Red marrow

Answer 22

Present in the cranium, Clavicals, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis and long bones of the young
It makes red and white blood cells and platelets

Question 23

Yellow marrow

Answer 23

Stores fat and is inactive
Can convert to red active marrow if needed

Question 24

Role of calcium in the bone

Answer 24

Calcium phosphate gives bone it’s hardness and resistance to compression
Collagen gives it flexibility

Question 25

Lack of calcium disorder:

Answer 25

Osteomalacia Soft weak bones

Question 26

Lack of collagen

Answer 26

Osteoporosis Brittle bones easy broken

Question 27

Collagen function

Answer 27

Flexible bones

Question 28

Calcium function

Answer 28

Hard bones

Question 29

Osteoclasts

Answer 29

Destroy bone on the outer surface and on the inner surface of the marrow cavity

Question 30

Osteoblasts

Answer 30

Form new bone

Question 31

Bone growth

Answer 31

Increase in length is caused by a section of cartilage called the growth plate Found between each medullary cavity and the spongy bone In the growth plate the osteoblasts form bone matrix to extend the length of the bone

Question 32

What do growth plates contain?

Answer 32

Osteoblasts

Question 33

Contributes to bone growth/renewal

Answer 33

Physical activity: stimulates osteoblast formation Hormones: growth and sex hormones Diet: calcium

Question 34

Ligaments

Answer 34

Connect bone to bone Made of strong elastic fibres

Question 35

Tendons

Answer 35

Join muscles to bones

Question 36

Joint

Answer 36

Where two bones meet

Question 37

The types of joints (3)

Answer 37

Immovable Slightly movable Free moving (synovial joints)

Question 38

Immovable joints

Answer 38

Allow no movement between the bones Function: protection and strength Eg: skull and coccyx

Question 39

Slightly moveable joints

Answer 39

Allow a small amount of movement between the bones Eg: vertebrae

Question 40

Synovial/ free moving joints

Answer 40

Have cartilage covering the end of the bones and have a gap between the bones Eg: ball and socket and hinge joint Knee joint

Question 41

Knee joint contains

Answer 41

Femur Tibia Cartilage Synovial fluid Ligament Tendon Muscle Knee cap

Question 42

3 types of muscles

Answer 42

Involuntary (intestines, blood vessels) Cardiac muscle (heart) Voluntary (skeletal or striped)

Question 43

Agnostic pairs

Answer 43

Are muscles that have opposite effects, when one contracts the other relaxes

Question 44

Example of an agnostic pair

Answer 44

Bicep contracts to raise the forearm (it’s called a flexor) The triceps contract to straighten the forearm (called an extensor)

Question 45

Disorder of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 45

Arthritis

Question 46

Arthritis is..

Answer 46

Inflammation in the joints

Question 47

Cause of arthritis:

Answer 47

Genetic Hormone imbalance Injury

Question 48

Prevention of arthritis

Answer 48

Good diet Footwear Not putting bones and joints under excessive stress during exercise

Question 49

Treatment for arthritis:

Answer 49

Aspirin (reduce swelling and pain) Replacement with an artificial joint