Blood

Question 1

What is blood composed of?

Answer 1

Plasma (55%)
Red blood cells (corpuscles,erythrocytes)
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma Protein

Question 2

Functions of blood

Answer 2

1. TRANSPORT (O2, CO2, products of waste)
2. TEMP REGULATION (carries heat and brings water to sweat glands)
3. DEFENCE (monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets)

Question 3

Plasma

Answer 3

liquid, pale yellow
90% water
Transport medium for dissolved and suspended substances
Distributes heat

Question 4

Dissolved substances

Answer 4

gases (o2, co2)
nutrients
ions
urea
salts

Question 5

Suspended solids (don’t dissolve)

Answer 5

blood cells
plasma proteins
platelets
hormones

Question 6

Plasma proteins

Answer 6

antibodies which are produced by white blood cells in order to combine with and neutralise foreign substances

clotting proteins, which are acted upon to form blood clots

Question 7

Serum definition

Answer 7

is pasma from which the clotting proteins have been removed

Question 8

Role of plasma

Answer 8

Transport
Distributes heat

Question 9

Red blood cells: the other name

Answer 9

corpuscles
erythrocytes

Question 10

Red blood cells

Answer 10

1. Tiny biconcave discs
2. no nucleus or mitochondria (energy)
3. transports O2 (haemoglobin)
4. produced in red bone marrow

Question 11

How long do red blood cells survive for

Answer 11

120 days
destroyed and recycled in liver and spleen

Question 12

Role of red blood cells

Answer 12

Transports oxygen

Question 13

Haemoglobin + O2 =

Answer 13

oxyhemoglobin

Question 14

White blood cells

Answer 14

colourless
larger, no definite shape
less white than red

1. have a nucleus
2. made in red bone marrow and mature in the lymphatic system

Question 15

Two types of white blood cells

Answer 15

Monocytes
Lymphocytes

Question 16

Monocyte

Answer 16

large
engulf damaged/dead cells and pathogens by phagocytosis
also called macrophages/phagocytes

Question 17

Lymphocyte

Answer 17

produce specific defence proteins called antibodies to fight infection

Question 18

Platelets

Answer 18

thrombocytes
made in red bone marrow
are cell fragments

Question 19

Role of platelets

Answer 19

clotting seals ruptured blood/lymph vessels
- maintains blood volume and pressure and prevents entry of pathogens

forms scab

Question 20

Blood groups

Answer 20

A
B
AB
O (universal doner)

Question 21

Why is blood type important

Answer 21

important for blood transfusions because the body will make antibodies to destroy cells with foreign antigens on them, therefore a person cannot receive blood with foreign antigens

Question 22

The Rhesus Factor

Answer 22

is the presence or absence of a chemical called factor D (rhesus factor)
if factor D is present on the surface of the red corpuscles the person is said to be rhesus positive

RH+
RH-

Question 23

Haemoglobin..

Answer 23

gains oxygen in the lungs forming oxyhaemoglobin