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Biology > General Definitions > Flashcards

General Definitions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Scientific method

A

is a process of investigation where problems are identified and their explanations are tested by carrying out experiments

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2
Q

Observation

A

An unbiased, accurate report of an event.

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3
Q

Hypothesis

A

An educated guess based on observation

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4
Q

Experiment

A

An experiment is designed to test a hypothesis.

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5
Q

Data

A

Consists of measurements, observations/information gathered during an experiment.

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6
Q

Replicate

A

A repeat of an experiment

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7
Q

Control

A

A comparison used to provide a standard against which the actual experiment can be judged

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8
Q

Theory

A

A hypothesis that has been supported by different experiments

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9
Q

Principle/Law

A

A theory that has shown to be valid after long term testing

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10
Q

Ethics

A

Refers to whether issues are right or wrong

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11
Q

Continuity of life

A

Living things that arise from other living things of the same type (Biogenesis)

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12
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all chemical reactions in the body

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13
Q

Characteristics of life

A

The common features shared by living organisms

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14
Q

Organisation

A

Living things are composed of cells, tissues,organs and organ systems.

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15
Q

Nutrition

A

Process by which an organism obtain and uses food.

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16
Q

Excretion

A

Removal of waste products of metabolism

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17
Q

Response

A

The reaction of organisms to stimuli in their environment.

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18
Q

Reproduction

A

The production of new individuals.

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19
Q

Bio molecules

A

Molecules found in living things are composed of atoms where elements bonded together in different ratios to form biomolecules. Such as Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Vitamins.

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20
Q

Organic compounds

A

Carbon atoms bonded together make up most of the chemical compounds in living things.

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21
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Monosaccharides : Single sugar molecules such as Glucose.

22
Q

Disaccharides

A

Disaccharides : 2 sugar molecules bonded together such as Sucrose,Lacotse and Maltose.

23
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Polysaccharides : Made up of many sugar molecules bonded together. Eg - Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose

24
Q

Phospholipid

A

Fat-like substances where one of the fatty acids is replaced/added a phosphate group.

25
Q

Anabolic rxn

A

Convert smaller molecules into larger ones using energy

26
Q

Catabolic rxn

A

Complex molecule is broken down to simple molecules. (Releasing energy)

27
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the relationships of living organisms with one another and with the environment.

28
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community of organisms and their abiotic environment.
.

29
Q

Habitat

A

Place in the environment where an organism lives.

30
Q

Population

A

All the member of the same species living in an area.

31
Q

Community

A

Plants and animals sharing the resources of a particular habitat.

32
Q

Niche

A

The functional role of an organism in an ecosystem. Eg – How it feeds, what it
eats, who eats it etc.

33
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Non living factors

34
Q

Biotic factors

A

Living factors

35
Q

Climactic factors

A

Refers to weather over a long period of time

36
Q

Edaphic factors

A

Refers to the soil that influences an ecosystem eg: pH,type,moisture

37
Q

Producers

A

Autotrophs that carry out photosynthesis

38
Q

Consumers

A

Organisms that take in food from other organisms

39
Q

Primary consumer

A

Organisms which feed directly on producers

40
Q

Secondary consumers

A

Carnivores that feed on primary consumers

41
Q

Tertiary consumers

A

Carnivores that feed on secondary consumers

42
Q

Food chain.

A

The pathway along which energy is transferred in an ecosystem.

43
Q

Food web

A

Two or more interlinked food chains

44
Q

Trophies level

A

Is feeding stage/energy level in a food chain

45
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

Based on numbers of organisms at each trophic level in a food chain.

46
Q

Nutrient recycling

A

The way in which elements (Carbon and Nitrogen) are exchanged between the living and non-living components of an ecosystem.

47
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia (NH3), ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate ( NO3−)

48
Q

Nitrification

A

The ammonia is converted to nitrites and then to nitrates by nitrifying bacteria.

49
Q

Denitrification

A

Conversion of nitrates to nitrogen gas. It is carried out by denitrifying
bacteria in the soil.

50
Q

Pollution

A

Any harmful addition to the environment

Biology (41 decks)

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