Respiration Flashcards
Parts of breathing system
Nose
Mouth
Trachea
Rings of cartilage
Lung
Bronchus
Brochioli
Alveoli
Rib
Intercostal muscles
Diaphragm
AGE
Alveoli
Gas
Exchange
Nose function
Filters, moistens and warms air
Mouth function
Where air is inhaled
Trachea function
Delivers air from mouth to lung
Rings of cartilage function
Keeps trachea open
Bronchus function
Lead to each lung 🫁
Bronchioli function
Connect bronchus to alveoli
Alveoli function
Site for gas exchange
Epiglottis function
Prevents food or drink from entering trachea
Composition of air in lungs: inhaled
O2: 21
CO2: 0.04
N2: 78
Composition of air: exhaled
O2: 16
CO2: 4
N2: 78
How much oxygen gets used?
5%
Nitrogen is an _____ gas
Inert
The Breathing Mechanism- Inhaling
- Intercostal muscles contract and cause ribcage to move UP and OUT
- Diaphragm muscles contract causing it to move DOWN
- This enlarges the thorax from top to bottom and as a result, volume of lung INCREASES
- Air pressure in lungs now decreases, as a result pressure from atmosphere is now greater than inside the lungs so..
- Air flows into lungs
Thorax is
Area from collarbone to ribs
Is Inhaling is an active of passive process?
Active as it involves muscle contraction
The Breathing Mechanism - Exhaling
- Intercostal muscles relax and the rib cage moves DOWN and IN
- Diaphragm relaxes and moves back UP
- These actions reduce the volume of the thorax and its pressure INCREASES
- Air is pushed out of the lungs
Is Exhaling an active or passive process
Passive as it doesn’t involve muscle contraction
What cavity do you find the lungs
Thorax/ chest
Role of brain in breathing
Brains 🧠 medulla oblongata sets the basic unconscious breathing rhythm, 12-16 breaths a minute
An increase in the blood CO2 stimulates an increase in frequency and depth of breathing, returning the blood to the normal CO2 level.
Gas exchange in the alveoli
Gas exchange is by diffusion between the air and the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries
O2/Oxygen is carried…
By haemoglobin in red blood cells
CO2/ Carbón dioxide is cherried by
Plasma in blood
Adaptive features of alveoli for gas exchange
- Millions of alveoli
- Wall is one cell think
- Huge capillary network surrounding each alveolus/ large blood supply
- Capillaries are narrow and one cell thick
Diffusion definition
The movement of molecules from an area of high conc to an area of low conc
Asthma symptoms
Coughing
Wheezing
Chest tightness
Breathlessness
Asthma causes
Allergen inflammation reaction narrows the airways, especially in bronchioles
Allergens include pet dander, pollen, dust, cigarette smoke
Asthma prevention
Clean air
Avoidance of allergen
Asthma treatment
Inhaled bronchodilators widen the bronchioles
Inhaled steroids will reduce inflammation
Pharynx is the
Throat
Larynx is the
Voice box
Draw diagram of alveoli gas exchange
Backwards C shape
Basic breathing rhythm
12-16 breaths a minute
