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LC Biology > Structure of Flowering Plants > Flashcards

Structure of Flowering Plants Flashcards

1
Q

types of roots

A

tap roots
fibrous roots
adventitious roots

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2
Q

functions of roots

A

anchor plant in soil
absorb water
absorb minerals
transport absorbed materials to the shoots
store food in some plants eg: carrots

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3
Q

4 root zones

A

Protection zone
Meristematic zone
elongation zone
differentiation zone

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4
Q

protection zone

A

root cap protect cells pushed through soil

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5
Q

meristematic zone

A

new cells are produced by mitosis

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6
Q

elongation zone

A

cells increase in size

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7
Q

differentiation zone

A

cells develop into three tissues

dermal
ground
vascular

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8
Q

dermal tissue function

A

protection.

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9
Q

ground tissue function

A

photosynthesis
storage

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10
Q

vascular tissue

A

xylem - water
phloem - food

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11
Q

TISSUE LOCATION IN ROOT

A

root hairs
ground tissue
vascular tissue in middle
dermal tissue

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12
Q

TISSUE LOCATION IN ROOT: DICOT

A

geranium
dermal
ground
vascular in ring pattern (located on inside of dermal tissue)

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13
Q

TISSUE LOCATION IN ROOT: MONOCOT

A

ground
vascular (scattered)
dermal

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14
Q

Vascular tissue - Xylem vessel

A

Wider than tracheid
forms a long continuous tube (end wall)
no cytoplasm/nucleus
dead tissue
found in flowering plants
Lignin found in cell wall - strength

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15
Q

Vascular tissue - Xylem tracheid

A

narrower
found in woody plants eg: trees
TAPERED ENDS

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16
Q

Vascular tissue: Phloem

A

transports food
living tissue
has a companion cell and a nucleus

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17
Q

meristem

A

a plant tissue capable of mitosis

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18
Q

herbaceous plants

A

don’t contain lignin

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19
Q

woody plants

A

contain lignin

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20
Q

node

A

the point on a stem at which a leaf is attached

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21
Q

internode

A

the region on a stem between two nodes

22
Q

bud

A

a potential growth point that may develop into a leaf or flower or shoot

23
Q

lenticel

A

an opening on a stem for gas exchange

24
Q

functions of stem

A

support plant
transport water from roots to leaves
transport food from leafs to roots for storage

25
function of outer stem parts
terminal bud - increases length lateral bud - grows side branches lenticels - gas exchange
26
where are vascular tissue on leaf
veins
27
leaf functions
photosynthesis transpiration gas exchange
28
TISSUE LOCATION IN LEAF
dermal cuticle (wax, prevent water loss) upper epidermis pallisade layer (photosynthesis) mesophyll layer (ground tissue) vascular tissue dermal tissue (guard cells and stomata)
29
STOMATA/GUARD CELL STRUCTURE
nucleus vacuole chlorophyll stomata
30
opening of the stomata
water moves into vacuole by osmosis causing them to become turgid -> stomata open
31
closing of stomata?
in poor light CO2 build up and causes the cell to lose water and become less turgid this causes stomata to xlose
32
stomata found?
underside of leaf
33
identification of dicot
no of seeds: 2 vascular bundle: ring leaf venation: netted flowering no: 4/5 woody herbaceous
34
identification of monocot
no of seeds: 1 vascular bundles: scaterred leaf venation: parallel flowering no: 3 herbaceous eg: grass
35
cotyledon
a leaf with a seed that is specialised for food storage
36
to explain water movement in plants
root: water enters root by osmosis this creates root pressure and forces water up to approx 1m but gravity will pull it downwards Cohesion tension model Transpiration- loss of water vapour from leaf, transpiration stream, water pulled out of leaf pulls water upwards Adhesion- water is attracted to walls of xylem (prevents falling) Cohesion- water molecules attracted to each other - created stream Tension- transpiration stream creates tension
37
function of xylem
transport water transport minerals
38
phloem structure
sieve tube sieve plate companion cell
39
companion cell nucleus function
nucleus controls activities of both companion and sieve stubs cell
40
who made cohesion tension idea
Dixon Joly
41
Mineral uptake and transport
Minerals enter root hair dissolved in water Calcium: strong cell walls Magnesium: chlorophyll Entry of minerals requires energy root hair cells might contain mitochondria to produce this energy Active transport
42
Control of transpiration in LEAF
Presence of cuticle (thicker on upper surface) Location of stomata Presence of guard cells (drought, temp, wind)
43
Uptake and transport of CO2
through stomata from atmosphere product of cellular respiration (release of energy from food)
44
Fate of the products of photosynthesis
oxygen produced diffuses through stomata glucose can be used for cellular respiration or converted to starch for storage water vapour is diffused
45
control of stomata opening
High Conc of CO2 (dark) Low conc of CO2 (day) H2O conc stomata open when guard cells fill with water Windy: guard cells close
46
Modified root eg
carrot
47
Modified stem eg
potato
48
modified leaf
onion
49
venation
the pattern of veins in a leaf
50
EXPERIMENT: TS OF DICOT STEM
cut between two nodes using backed blade cut away right angle cut can be supported by carrot put in clock class of water (dehydration prevention) transfer to slide using paint brush cover slip and water LOW POWER MEDIUM AND HIGH POWER
51
cohesion meaning
the sticking of similar molecules to eachoyher
52
adhesion meaning
occurs when different molecules stick tg

LC Biology (41 decks)

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