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Biology > Structure of Flowering Plants > Flashcards

Structure of Flowering Plants Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

types of roots

A

tap roots
fibrous roots
adventitious roots

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2
Q

functions of roots

A

anchor plant in soil
absorb water
absorb minerals
transport absorbed materials to the shoots
store food in some plants eg: carrots

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3
Q

4 root zones

A

Protection zone
Meristematic zone
elongation zone
differentiation zone

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4
Q

protection zone

A

root cap protect cells pushed through soil

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5
Q

meristematic zone

A

new cells are produced by mitosis

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6
Q

elongation zone

A

cells increase in size

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7
Q

differentiation zone

A

cells develop into three tissues

dermal
ground
vascular

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8
Q

dermal tissue function

A

protection.

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9
Q

ground tissue function

A

photosynthesis
storage

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10
Q

vascular tissue

A

xylem - water
phloem - food

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11
Q

TISSUE LOCATION IN ROOT

A

root hairs
ground tissue
vascular tissue in middle
dermal tissue

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12
Q

TISSUE LOCATION IN ROOT: DICOT

A

geranium
dermal
ground
vascular in ring pattern (located on inside of dermal tissue)

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13
Q

TISSUE LOCATION IN ROOT: MONOCOT

A

ground
vascular (scattered)
dermal

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14
Q

Vascular tissue - Xylem vessel

A

Wider than tracheid
forms a long continuous tube (end wall)
no cytoplasm/nucleus
dead tissue
found in flowering plants
Lignin found in cell wall - strength

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15
Q

Vascular tissue - Xylem tracheid

A

narrower
found in woody plants eg: trees
TAPERED ENDS

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16
Q

Vascular tissue: Phloem

A

transports food
living tissue
has a companion cell and a nucleus

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17
Q

meristem

A

a plant tissue capable of mitosis

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18
Q

herbaceous plants

A

don’t contain lignin

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19
Q

woody plants

A

contain lignin

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20
Q

node

A

the point on a stem at which a leaf is attached

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21
Q

internode

A

the region on a stem between two nodes

22
Q

bud

A

a potential growth point that may develop into a leaf or flower or shoot

23
Q

lenticel

A

an opening on a stem for gas exchange

24
Q

functions of stem

A

support plant
transport water from roots to leaves
transport food from leafs to roots for storage

25
Q

function of outer stem parts

A

terminal bud - increases length
lateral bud - grows side branches
lenticels - gas exchange

26
Q

where are vascular tissue on leaf

A

veins

27
Q

leaf functions

A

photosynthesis
transpiration
gas exchange

28
Q

TISSUE LOCATION IN LEAF

A

dermal
cuticle (wax, prevent water loss)
upper epidermis
pallisade layer (photosynthesis)
mesophyll layer (ground tissue)
vascular tissue
dermal tissue (guard cells and stomata)

29
Q

STOMATA/GUARD CELL STRUCTURE

A

nucleus
vacuole
chlorophyll
stomata

30
Q

opening of the stomata

A

water moves into vacuole by osmosis
causing them to become turgid -> stomata open

31
Q

closing of stomata?

A

in poor light CO2 build up and causes the cell to lose water and become less turgid
this causes stomata to xlose

32
Q

stomata found?

A

underside of leaf

33
Q

identification of dicot

A

no of seeds: 2
vascular bundle: ring
leaf venation: netted
flowering no: 4/5
woody
herbaceous

34
Q

identification of monocot

A

no of seeds: 1
vascular bundles: scaterred
leaf venation: parallel
flowering no: 3
herbaceous eg: grass

35
Q

cotyledon

A

a leaf with a seed that is specialised for food storage

36
Q

to explain water movement in plants

A

root: water enters root by osmosis
this creates root pressure and forces water up to approx 1m but gravity will pull it downwards

Cohesion tension model
Transpiration- loss of water vapour from leaf, transpiration stream, water pulled out of leaf pulls water upwards
Adhesion- water is attracted to walls of xylem (prevents falling)
Cohesion- water molecules attracted to each other - created stream
Tension- transpiration stream creates tension

37
Q

function of xylem

A

transport water
transport minerals

38
Q

phloem structure

A

sieve tube
sieve plate
companion cell

39
Q

companion cell nucleus function

A

nucleus controls activities of both companion and sieve stubs cell

40
Q

who made cohesion tension idea

A

Dixon
Joly

41
Q

Mineral uptake and transport

A

Minerals enter root hair dissolved in water
Calcium: strong cell walls
Magnesium: chlorophyll

Entry of minerals requires energy
root hair cells might contain mitochondria to produce this energy
Active transport

42
Q

Control of transpiration in LEAF

A

Presence of cuticle (thicker on upper surface)
Location of stomata
Presence of guard cells (drought, temp, wind)

43
Q

Uptake and transport of CO2

A

through stomata from atmosphere
product of cellular respiration (release of energy from food)

44
Q

Fate of the products of photosynthesis

A

oxygen produced diffuses through stomata
glucose can be used for cellular respiration or converted to starch for storage
water vapour is diffused

45
Q

control of stomata opening

A

High Conc of CO2 (dark)
Low conc of CO2 (day)
H2O conc stomata open when guard cells fill with water
Windy: guard cells close

46
Q

Modified root eg

A

carrot

47
Q

Modified stem eg

A

potato

48
Q

modified leaf

A

onion

49
Q

venation

A

the pattern of veins in a leaf

50
Q

EXPERIMENT: TS OF DICOT STEM

A

cut between two nodes using backed blade
cut away
right angle cut
can be supported by carrot
put in clock class of water (dehydration prevention)
transfer to slide using paint brush
cover slip and water
LOW POWER MEDIUM AND HIGH POWER

51
Q

cohesion meaning

A

the sticking of similar molecules to eachoyher

52
Q

adhesion meaning

A

occurs when different molecules stick tg

Biology (41 decks)

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