The Self in the Psychological Perspective Flashcards
1
Q
Father of Psychoanalysis
A
Sigmund Freud
2
Q
Who said that the self is multi-tiered/ multi-layered?
A
Sigmund Freud
3
Q
What are the three tiers/layers of the self according to Freud?
A
Conscious, Preconscious & Unconscious
4
Q
refers to those thoughts and feelings that we are aware of
A
Conscious
5
Q
contains all drives, urges or instincts that are beyond our awareness but motivate our feelings, thoughts and behavior.
A
Unconscious
6
Q
experiences that are unconscious but could become conscious with little effort.
A
Preconscious
7
Q
The structure of the self:
A
ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
8
Q
The Biological Self or the Pleasure Principle
A
ID
9
Q
The source of impulses
A
ID
10
Q
Setting the boundary conditions for development
A
ID
11
Q
Providing the raw materials
A
ID
12
Q
Determined by the genetic code
A
ID
13
Q
Pleasure seeking part of the personality
A
ID
14
Q
Natural part of the self
A
ID
15
Q
Animalistic nature of man
A
ID
16
Q
Represents the basic need of man. If it is not satisfied, it could result in stress and tension. If satisfied, it could give you comfort and joy. Or if properly controlled, it could bring warmth and comfort
A
ID
17
Q
The Psychological Self or Reality Principle
A
EGO
18
Q
The only region of the mind that is in contact with reality; it operates to fulfill the reality principle
A
EGO
19
Q
Balances the irrational demands of ID and moral concerns of Superego
A
EGO
20
Q
The “Manager”
A
EGO
21
Q
Constantly tries to reconcile the irrational wants of the id and the superego with the realistic demands of the world.
A
EGO
22
Q
The Social Self or the Idealistic Principle
A
SUPEREGO
23
Q
The superego incorporates the values and morals of society which are learned from one’s parents and others
A
SUPEREGO
24
Q
What are the two parts of the superego?
A
conscience and ego-ideal
25
Tell us what is right and what is wrong
SUPEREGO
26
Conscience– ??
| Ego-ideal– pride
guilt
27
Conscience– guilt
| Ego-ideal– ??
pride
28
TRUE OR FALSE
The job of the superego, or self, is to balance the aggressive/ pleasure-seeking drives of the id with the moral control of the superego.
FALSE
29
TRUE OR FALSE
When the scale is out of balance, it is the responsibility of the EGO to mediate the conflict between the ID and SUPEREGO.
TRUE
30
TRUE OR FALSE
Weak ego will lead to ANXIETY
TRUE
31
TRUE OR FALSE
To protect the ego from anxiety, we use EMOTIONAL DAMAGE
FALSE
32
Ways to behave or think to protect or “defend” ourselves from anxieties.
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
33
How we distance ourselves from a full awareness of unpleasant thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
34
the refusal to accept reality or fact, acting as if a painful event, thought or feeling did not exist while being apparent to others.
Denial
35
TRUE OR FALSE
One of the most common example of Denial is when drunk people say they are not yet drunk.
TRUE
36
It is considered one of the most primitive because it is characteristic of early childhood development.
Denial
37
TRUE OR FALSE
Denial is a less primitive, more mature defense mechanism
FALSE
38
Reversion (to revert) to an earlier stage of development when faced with unacceptable, fearful, threatening thoughts or impulses.
Regression
39
Ex: An adult curling up in a fetal position when feeling threatened or afraid.
Regression
40
TRUE OR FALSE
Regression is a primitive defense mechanism
TRUE
41
Performing an extreme behavior in order to express thoughts or feelings of the person feels incapable of otherwise expressing.
Acting Out
42
Ex: self-injury is expression through physical pain of what can’t be stand to feel emotionally.
Acting Out
43
TRUE OR FALSE
Acting Out is a primitive defense mechanism.
TRUE
44
A mental process of disconnecting from one's thoughts, feelings, memories or sense of identity.
Dissociation
45
A defense mechanism where someone suppresses their thoughts and emotions.
Compartmentalization
46
TRUE OR FALSE
Dissociation is a mature defense mechanism.
FALSE
47
TRUE OR FALSE
Compartmentalization is a primitive defense mechanism.
TRUE
48
Misattribution of own undesired thoughts, feelings or impulses onto another person who does not have those thoughts, feelings or impulses.
Projection
49
Ex: a spouse angry at a significant other for not listening, when in fact, it is he who is not listening.
Projection
50
TRUE OR FALSE
Projection is a mature defense mechanism
FALSE
51
Unconscious blocking of unacceptable and disturbing thoughts, feelings, and impulses.
Repression
52
Done unconsciously, thus, little control over it.
Repression
53
TRUE OR FALSE
In Repression, memories are repressed but never retrieved the same.
TRUE
54
Redirecting thoughts, feelings and impulses from one person or object to another who poses less threat.
Displacement
55
Example: Unable to express anger to the boss for fear of being fired displaces anger into others: spouse, pet, etc.
Displacement
56
Dealing with emotional stressors by excessive use of abstract thinking or complex explanation to control or minimize disturbing feelings.
Intellectualization
57
Ex: husband constructing elaborate logical explanations for wife’s recent paranoia ideas.
Intellectualization
58
React in a cold way focusing on the intellectual aspect only.
Intellectualization
59
Giving another interpretation to a situation in the face of a changing reality.
Rationalization
60
Ex: Suddenly being dumped by somebody she was really interested in: “I don’t care, I suspected he was a loser all along.”
Rationalization
61
An unconscious attempt to take back, nullify or “un-do” a thought or action that had resulted in guilt or anxiety.
Undoing
62
Ex: a husband who showers his wife with roses and chocolates on Valentine’s Day may be unconsciously seeking to undo a year of neglect.
Undoing
63
TRUE OR FALSE
Undong is a less primitive, more mature defense mechanism
TRUE
64
TRUE OR FALSE
Rationalizing is a primitive defense mechanism
FALSE
65
TRUE OR FALSE
Intellectualization is a mature defense mechanism
FALSE
66
TRUE OR FALSE
Displacement is a less primitive, more mature defense mechanism
TRUE
67
Channeling of un-acceptable and potentially disruptive impulses, thoughts or emotions into socially acceptable behavior.
Sublimation
68
In Sublimation, it deals with stress by emphasizing the amusing or ironic aspects of the situation.
Humar
69
Ex: punching bag to channel anger impulses. Sports.
Sublimation
70
Dealing with emotional stressors by using the energy in other, usually constructive activities.
Sublimation
71
In Sublimation, it is channeling unacceptable feelings, thoughts or impulses into imagination.
Fantasy
72
Psychologically counterbalancing perceived weaknesses by emphasizing strength in other areas.
Compensation
73
Ex: a physically unattractive adolescent starts weightlifting. Or, “I am not a fighter. I am a lover.” Napoleonic Complex.
Compensation
74
Tuning to others for help and support.
Affiliation
75
Ex: going to therapy, a support group, spiritual counsel.
Affiliation
76
Sharing problems with others, but not trying to make someone else responsible for them.
Affiliation
77
Being able to express your own opinions and needs in a respectful and firm way. Not aggressively, coercively or manipulatively.
Self-Assertion
78
Striking a balance between communicating passively or aggressively.
Self-Assertion
79
Dealing with stress by reflection on one’s thoughts, feelings, motivation and behavior– and then responding appropriately.
Self-Observation
80
Ex: engaging in journaling, self-exploration, therapy, bibliotherapy, etc.
Self-Observation
81
Dealing with stress by intentionally avoiding thinking about disturbing problems, wishes, feelings or experiences.
Suppression
82
Ex: Thinking about all those sweets in the staff lounge and wanting to eat them while on a diet.
Suppression
83
Dealing with stressors by anticipating the consequences and feelings associated with possible future events and considering realistic solutions.
Anticipation
84
Ex: getting old– think ahead and plan your retirement wisely!
Anticipation
85
When we act to promote someone else's welfare, even at a risk or cost to ourselves.
Altruism
86
Any sort of behavior that is enacted with the intent of supporting or improving one's individual union with others or which is connected more so with a drive to build, upkeep, and improve close individual partnerships with others.
Affiliation
87
TRUE OR FALSE
Affiliation is a less primitive, more mature defense mechanism
FALSE
88
TRUE OR FALSE
Altruism is primitive, defense mechanism
FALSE
89
TRUE OR FALSE
Anticipation is a mature defense mechanism
TRUE
90
TRUE OR FALSE
Suppression is a mature defense mechanism
TRUE
91
TRUE OR FALSE
Self-Observation is a mature defense mechanism
TRUE
92
TRUE OR FALSE
Self-Assertion is a less primitive, more mature defense mechanism
FALSE
93
TRUE OR FALSE
Affiliation is a less primitive, more mature defense mechanism
FALSE
94
TRUE OR FALSE
Compensation is a mature defense mechanism
TRUE
95
TRUE OR FALSE
Sublimation is a primitive defense mechanism
FALSE
96
Who introduced the Symbolic Interactionism
George Herbert Mead
97
The self is created and developed through human interaction.
Symbolic Interactionism
98
TRUE OR FALSE
Self-identity is formed from two parts: the I and the me.
TRUE
99
TRUE OR FALSE
“me” is the socialized aspect of the person
TRUE
100
TRUE OR FALSE
“I” is the active aspect of the person
TRUE
101
Adolescents are thought to believe that others are always watching and evaluating them, and that they are special and unique.
Imaginary Audience
102
In the Imaginary Audience, this refers to an adolescent’s belief that he is special, and hence invulnerable.
personal fable
103
Mental representation or a knowledge representation that contains knowledge about us, including our beliefs about our personality traits, physical characteristics, abilities, values, goals, and roles, as well as the knowledge that we exist as individuals
self-concept
104
Who introduced the Real and Ideal Self Model?
Carl Rogers
105
This model states that a person’s ideal self may not be consistent with what actually happens in life and experiences of the person
Real and Ideal Self
106
Carl Rogers believed that for a person to achieve self-actualization they must be in a state of ______________.
congruence.
107
The Self as defined by Social Comparison of Leon Festinger introduced two comparisons such as:
TEMPORAL COMPARISON & SOCIAL COMPARISON
108
In this comparison, you are, considering your present condition in relation to how you were in the past.
Temporal Comparison
109
In this comparison, you are evaluating yourself in comparison to others– using others as a basis for evaluating your attributes.
Social Comparison
110
What are the two modes of Social Comparison?
Upward social comparison &
111
When we compare ourselves with those who we believe are better than us
(a mode of social comparison)
Upward social comparison
112
A highly motivated person tends to engage in upward comparisons, and usually assume himself/ herself as better or equal to the “best person”
(a mode of social comparison)
Upward social comparison
113
Often focus on the desire to improve our current level of ability
(a mode of social comparison)
Upward social comparison
114
When we compare themselves to others who are worse off than ourselves
(a mode of social comparison)
Downward social comparison
115
A person who is unhappy or is unmotivated usually engages in this to feel better about himself/herself.
(a mode of social comparison)
Downward social comparison
116
Often centered on making ourselves feel better about our abilities
(a mode of social comparison)
Downward social comparison
117
What are the two modes of Downward Social Comparison?
Passive downward comparison & Active downward comparison
118
Happens when a person takes into consideration the previous condition in making comparison
(a mode of downward social comparison)
Passive downward comparison
119
Example: A low performing student comparing himself/herself with a worse off student.
(a mode of downward social comparison)
Passive downward comparison
120
Happens when a person compares himself/herself with others by demeaning or causing harm to them
(a mode of downward social comparison)
Active downward comparison
121
By derogating the target or causing harm to him/her, this person generates a situation in which the target is worse off than him/her, therefore, giving him/her the chance to make a downward comparison.
(a mode of downward social comparison)
Active downward comparison
122
Motivation plays a role in this model and is manifested by self-evaluation and self-enhancement.
Self as defined by Social Comparison Model
123
occurs when someone looks for positive traits in himself/herself based on the best person he/she compares himself/herself with.
Self-Evaluation or Self-Enhancement
Self-Evaluation
124
occurs when the person questions which aspects of himself/herself need to be improved to reach the level of goodness of the person he/she is comparing himself/herself with.
Self-Evaluation or Self-Enhancement
Self-Enhancement
125
Used to describe a person’s overall sense of self-worth or personal value.
Self-Esteem
126
Self-esteem is often seen as a personality trait, which means that it tends to be stable and enduring.
Self-Esteem
127
In other words, it refers to how much you appreciate and like yourself
Self-Esteem
128
A group to which an individual or another group is compared
Reference Group
129
According to sociologists, a ____________ is any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior.
Reference Group
130
States that one’s identity must balance the need to be similar to one’s reference group with the need to be a unique individual
The Creation of Identities
131
States that teens often seem torn between the need to assert their own individual identity and the need to conform to their reference group
The Creation of Identities
132
New identities are forged in relation to work, parenthood, economic status, and aging.
The Creation of Identities
133
Children become aware of the need for a group identity and are often afraid or acting differently
The Creation of Identities
