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UND_SELF > The Self in the Psychological Perspective > Flashcards

The Self in the Psychological Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

Father of Psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

Who said that the self is multi-tiered/ multi-layered?

A

Sigmund Freud

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3
Q

What are the three tiers/layers of the self according to Freud?

A

Conscious, Preconscious & Unconscious

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4
Q

refers to those thoughts and feelings that we are aware of

A

Conscious

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5
Q

contains all drives, urges or instincts that are beyond our awareness but motivate our feelings, thoughts and behavior.

A

Unconscious

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6
Q

experiences that are unconscious but could become conscious with little effort.

A

Preconscious

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7
Q

The structure of the self:

A

ID, EGO, SUPEREGO

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8
Q

The Biological Self or the Pleasure Principle

A

ID

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9
Q

The source of impulses

A

ID

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10
Q

Setting the boundary conditions for development

A

ID

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11
Q

Providing the raw materials

A

ID

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12
Q

Determined by the genetic code

A

ID

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13
Q

Pleasure seeking part of the personality

A

ID

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14
Q

Natural part of the self

A

ID

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15
Q

Animalistic nature of man

A

ID

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16
Q

Represents the basic need of man. If it is not satisfied, it could result in stress and tension. If satisfied, it could give you comfort and joy. Or if properly controlled, it could bring warmth and comfort

A

ID

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17
Q

The Psychological Self or Reality Principle

A

EGO

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18
Q

The only region of the mind that is in contact with reality; it operates to fulfill the reality principle

A

EGO

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19
Q

Balances the irrational demands of ID and moral concerns of Superego

A

EGO

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20
Q

The “Manager”

A

EGO

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21
Q

Constantly tries to reconcile the irrational wants of the id and the superego with the realistic demands of the world.

A

EGO

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22
Q

The Social Self or the Idealistic Principle

A

SUPEREGO

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23
Q

The superego incorporates the values and morals of society which are learned from one’s parents and others

A

SUPEREGO

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24
Q

What are the two parts of the superego?

A

conscience and ego-ideal

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25
Q

Tell us what is right and what is wrong

A

SUPEREGO

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26
Q

Conscience– ??

Ego-ideal– pride

A

guilt

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27
Q

Conscience– guilt

Ego-ideal– ??

A

pride

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28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The job of the superego, or self, is to balance the aggressive/ pleasure-seeking drives of the id with the moral control of the superego.

A

FALSE

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29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

When the scale is out of balance, it is the responsibility of the EGO to mediate the conflict between the ID and SUPEREGO.

A

TRUE

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30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Weak ego will lead to ANXIETY

A

TRUE

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31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

To protect the ego from anxiety, we use EMOTIONAL DAMAGE

A

FALSE

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32
Q

Ways to behave or think to protect or “defend” ourselves from anxieties.

A

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

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33
Q

How we distance ourselves from a full awareness of unpleasant thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

A

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

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34
Q

the refusal to accept reality or fact, acting as if a painful event, thought or feeling did not exist while being apparent to others.

A

Denial

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35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

One of the most common example of Denial is when drunk people say they are not yet drunk.

A

TRUE

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36
Q

It is considered one of the most primitive because it is characteristic of early childhood development.

A

Denial

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37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Denial is a less primitive, more mature defense mechanism

A

FALSE

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38
Q

Reversion (to revert) to an earlier stage of development when faced with unacceptable, fearful, threatening thoughts or impulses.

A

Regression

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39
Q

Ex: An adult curling up in a fetal position when feeling threatened or afraid.

A

Regression

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40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Regression is a primitive defense mechanism

A

TRUE

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41
Q

Performing an extreme behavior in order to express thoughts or feelings of the person feels incapable of otherwise expressing.

A

Acting Out

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42
Q

Ex: self-injury is expression through physical pain of what can’t be stand to feel emotionally.

A

Acting Out

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43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Acting Out is a primitive defense mechanism.

A

TRUE

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44
Q

A mental process of disconnecting from one’s thoughts, feelings, memories or sense of identity.

A

Dissociation

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45
Q

A defense mechanism where someone suppresses their thoughts and emotions.

A

Compartmentalization

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46
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Dissociation is a mature defense mechanism.

A

FALSE

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47
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Compartmentalization is a primitive defense mechanism.

A

TRUE

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48
Q

Misattribution of own undesired thoughts, feelings or impulses onto another person who does not have those thoughts, feelings or impulses.

A

Projection

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49
Q

Ex: a spouse angry at a significant other for not listening, when in fact, it is he who is not listening.

A

Projection

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50
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Projection is a mature defense mechanism

A

FALSE

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51
Q

Unconscious blocking of unacceptable and disturbing thoughts, feelings, and impulses.

A

Repression

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52
Q

Done unconsciously, thus, little control over it.

A

Repression

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53
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

In Repression, memories are repressed but never retrieved the same.

A

TRUE

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54
Q

Redirecting thoughts, feelings and impulses from one person or object to another who poses less threat.

A

Displacement

55
Q

Example: Unable to express anger to the boss for fear of being fired displaces anger into others: spouse, pet, etc.

A

Displacement

56
Q

Dealing with emotional stressors by excessive use of abstract thinking or complex explanation to control or minimize disturbing feelings.

A

Intellectualization

57
Q

Ex: husband constructing elaborate logical explanations for wife’s recent paranoia ideas.

A

Intellectualization

58
Q

React in a cold way focusing on the intellectual aspect only.

A

Intellectualization

59
Q

Giving another interpretation to a situation in the face of a changing reality.

A

Rationalization

60
Q

Ex: Suddenly being dumped by somebody she was really interested in: “I don’t care, I suspected he was a loser all along.”

A

Rationalization

61
Q

An unconscious attempt to take back, nullify or “un-do” a thought or action that had resulted in guilt or anxiety.

A

Undoing

62
Q

Ex: a husband who showers his wife with roses and chocolates on Valentine’s Day may be unconsciously seeking to undo a year of neglect.

A

Undoing

63
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Undong is a less primitive, more mature defense mechanism

A

TRUE

64
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Rationalizing is a primitive defense mechanism

A

FALSE

65
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Intellectualization is a mature defense mechanism

A

FALSE

66
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Displacement is a less primitive, more mature defense mechanism

A

TRUE

67
Q

Channeling of un-acceptable and potentially disruptive impulses, thoughts or emotions into socially acceptable behavior.

A

Sublimation

68
Q

In Sublimation, it deals with stress by emphasizing the amusing or ironic aspects of the situation.

A

Humar

69
Q

Ex: punching bag to channel anger impulses. Sports.

A

Sublimation

70
Q

Dealing with emotional stressors by using the energy in other, usually constructive activities.

A

Sublimation

71
Q

In Sublimation, it is channeling unacceptable feelings, thoughts or impulses into imagination.

A

Fantasy

72
Q

Psychologically counterbalancing perceived weaknesses by emphasizing strength in other areas.

A

Compensation

73
Q

Ex: a physically unattractive adolescent starts weightlifting. Or, “I am not a fighter. I am a lover.” Napoleonic Complex.

A

Compensation

74
Q

Tuning to others for help and support.

A

Affiliation

75
Q

Ex: going to therapy, a support group, spiritual counsel.

A

Affiliation

76
Q

Sharing problems with others, but not trying to make someone else responsible for them.

A

Affiliation

77
Q

Being able to express your own opinions and needs in a respectful and firm way. Not aggressively, coercively or manipulatively.

A

Self-Assertion

78
Q

Striking a balance between communicating passively or aggressively.

A

Self-Assertion

79
Q

Dealing with stress by reflection on one’s thoughts, feelings, motivation and behavior– and then responding appropriately.

A

Self-Observation

80
Q

Ex: engaging in journaling, self-exploration, therapy, bibliotherapy, etc.

A

Self-Observation

81
Q

Dealing with stress by intentionally avoiding thinking about disturbing problems, wishes, feelings or experiences.

A

Suppression

82
Q

Ex: Thinking about all those sweets in the staff lounge and wanting to eat them while on a diet.

A

Suppression

83
Q

Dealing with stressors by anticipating the consequences and feelings associated with possible future events and considering realistic solutions.

A

Anticipation

84
Q

Ex: getting old– think ahead and plan your retirement wisely!

A

Anticipation

85
Q

When we act to promote someone else’s welfare, even at a risk or cost to ourselves.

A

Altruism

86
Q

Any sort of behavior that is enacted with the intent of supporting or improving one’s individual union with others or which is connected more so with a drive to build, upkeep, and improve close individual partnerships with others.

A

Affiliation

87
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Affiliation is a less primitive, more mature defense mechanism

A

FALSE

88
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Altruism is primitive, defense mechanism

A

FALSE

89
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Anticipation is a mature defense mechanism

A

TRUE

90
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Suppression is a mature defense mechanism

A

TRUE

91
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Self-Observation is a mature defense mechanism

A

TRUE

92
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Self-Assertion is a less primitive, more mature defense mechanism

A

FALSE

93
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Affiliation is a less primitive, more mature defense mechanism

A

FALSE

94
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Compensation is a mature defense mechanism

A

TRUE

95
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Sublimation is a primitive defense mechanism

A

FALSE

96
Q

Who introduced the Symbolic Interactionism

A

George Herbert Mead

97
Q

The self is created and developed through human interaction.

A

Symbolic Interactionism

98
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Self-identity is formed from two parts: the I and the me.

A

TRUE

99
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

“me” is the socialized aspect of the person

A

TRUE

100
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

“I” is the active aspect of the person

A

TRUE

101
Q

Adolescents are thought to believe that others are always watching and evaluating them, and that they are special and unique.

A

Imaginary Audience

102
Q

In the Imaginary Audience, this refers to an adolescent’s belief that he is special, and hence invulnerable.

A

personal fable

103
Q

Mental representation or a knowledge representation that contains knowledge about us, including our beliefs about our personality traits, physical characteristics, abilities, values, goals, and roles, as well as the knowledge that we exist as individuals

A

self-concept

104
Q

Who introduced the Real and Ideal Self Model?

A

Carl Rogers

105
Q

This model states that a person’s ideal self may not be consistent with what actually happens in life and experiences of the person

A

Real and Ideal Self

106
Q

Carl Rogers believed that for a person to achieve self-actualization they must be in a state of ______________.

A

congruence.

107
Q

The Self as defined by Social Comparison of Leon Festinger introduced two comparisons such as:

A

TEMPORAL COMPARISON & SOCIAL COMPARISON

108
Q

In this comparison, you are, considering your present condition in relation to how you were in the past.

A

Temporal Comparison

109
Q

In this comparison, you are evaluating yourself in comparison to others– using others as a basis for evaluating your attributes.

A

Social Comparison

110
Q

What are the two modes of Social Comparison?

A

Upward social comparison &

111
Q

When we compare ourselves with those who we believe are better than us

(a mode of social comparison)

A

Upward social comparison

112
Q

A highly motivated person tends to engage in upward comparisons, and usually assume himself/ herself as better or equal to the “best person”

(a mode of social comparison)

A

Upward social comparison

113
Q

Often focus on the desire to improve our current level of ability

(a mode of social comparison)

A

Upward social comparison

114
Q

When we compare themselves to others who are worse off than ourselves

(a mode of social comparison)

A

Downward social comparison

115
Q

A person who is unhappy or is unmotivated usually engages in this to feel better about himself/herself.

(a mode of social comparison)

A

Downward social comparison

116
Q

Often centered on making ourselves feel better about our abilities

(a mode of social comparison)

A

Downward social comparison

117
Q

What are the two modes of Downward Social Comparison?

A

Passive downward comparison & Active downward comparison

118
Q

Happens when a person takes into consideration the previous condition in making comparison

(a mode of downward social comparison)

A

Passive downward comparison

119
Q

Example: A low performing student comparing himself/herself with a worse off student.

(a mode of downward social comparison)

A

Passive downward comparison

120
Q

Happens when a person compares himself/herself with others by demeaning or causing harm to them

(a mode of downward social comparison)

A

Active downward comparison

121
Q

By derogating the target or causing harm to him/her, this person generates a situation in which the target is worse off than him/her, therefore, giving him/her the chance to make a downward comparison.

(a mode of downward social comparison)

A

Active downward comparison

122
Q

Motivation plays a role in this model and is manifested by self-evaluation and self-enhancement.

A

Self as defined by Social Comparison Model

123
Q

occurs when someone looks for positive traits in himself/herself based on the best person he/she compares himself/herself with.

Self-Evaluation or Self-Enhancement

A

Self-Evaluation

124
Q

occurs when the person questions which aspects of himself/herself need to be improved to reach the level of goodness of the person he/she is comparing himself/herself with.

Self-Evaluation or Self-Enhancement

A

Self-Enhancement

125
Q

Used to describe a person’s overall sense of self-worth or personal value.

A

Self-Esteem

126
Q

Self-esteem is often seen as a personality trait, which means that it tends to be stable and enduring.

A

Self-Esteem

127
Q

In other words, it refers to how much you appreciate and like yourself

A

Self-Esteem

128
Q

A group to which an individual or another group is compared

A

Reference Group

129
Q

According to sociologists, a ____________ is any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior.

A

Reference Group

130
Q

States that one’s identity must balance the need to be similar to one’s reference group with the need to be a unique individual

A

The Creation of Identities

131
Q

States that teens often seem torn between the need to assert their own individual identity and the need to conform to their reference group

A

The Creation of Identities

132
Q

New identities are forged in relation to work, parenthood, economic status, and aging.

A

The Creation of Identities

133
Q

Children become aware of the need for a group identity and are often afraid or acting differently

A

The Creation of Identities

UND_SELF (18 decks)

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