Mental Health & Illness Flashcards
“A state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.” (WHO)
Mental Health
Effective functioning in daily activities
Mental Health
Successful performance of mental function
Mental Health
A state of well-being
Mental Health
The results of Mental Health are:
- Providing activities
- Fulfilling relationships
- Ability to cope with life’s challenges
States that Mental health is a continuum
ranging from being mentally healthy to having mental illness
Mental Health Continuum Model
Characteristics of a Mentally Healthy Person:
- Good self-esteem
- Purpose for living
- Optimistic
- Comfortable being alone
- Creative
- Realistic
- Accepting
- Autonomous
- Authentic
- Capable of intimacy
A diagnosable illness that affects a person’s thinking, emotional state, and behavior, and disrupts a person’s ability to work, and carry out other daily activities and engage in satisfying personal relationships.
Mental Illness
TRUE OR FALSE
Some mental illness are common, some are not.
TRUE
May cause severe disability.
Mental Illness
Mental Distress vs. Mental Disorder
Common
Distress
Mental Distress vs. Mental Disorder
Caused by a problem or event
Distress
Mental Distress vs. Mental Disorder
Usually not sever (may be severe)
Distress
Mental Distress vs. Mental Disorder
Usually short lasting
Distress
Mental Distress vs. Mental Disorder
Professional help not usually needed but can be useful
Distress
Mental Distress vs. Mental Disorder
DIAGNOSIS NOT NEEDED
Distress
Mental Distress vs. Mental Disorder
Less common
Disorder
Mental Distress vs. Mental Disorder
Often with high severity
Disorder
Mental Distress vs. Mental Disorder
Usually long lasting
Disorder
Mental Distress vs. Mental Disorder
Professional help usually needed
Disorder
Mental Distress vs. Mental Disorder
NEEDS TO BE DIAGNOSED
Disorder
The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Illness was developed by:
George Engel
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ represented an attempt to integrate the psychological (the ‘psycho’) and the environment (the ‘social’) into the traditional biomedical (the ‘bio’) model of health.
biopsychosocial model
The brain is made up of: cells, connection amongst the cells, and various neurochemicals (“________________”)
neurotransmitters
The ____________ provide a means for the different parts of the brain to communicate
neurochemicals
Most things a brain does depends on many different parts of the brain working together in a ________.
network
Different parts of the _________ are primarily responsible for doing different things (e.g. thinking, feelings, movement)
brain
What happens inside the brain when it gets sick?
(1) A specific part of the brain that needs to be working on a _____________ is not working well
(2) A specific part of the brain that needs to be working on a specific task is working in the ___________.
(3) The neurochemical __________ that help different parts of the brain communicate are not working properly.
(1) specific task
(2) wrong way
(3) messengers
The psycho aspects of health and illness were described in terms of _________, ___________, and ___________.
cognitions, emotions & behaviors
The Cognitive-Behavior Model was developed by:
Aaron Beck
_________________: Blowing things out of proportion (catastrophizing), or inappropriately shrinking something to make it seem less important
Magnification (catastrophizing) & minimization
_______________ : Assuming that because we feel a certain way what we think must be true
I feel embarrassed so I must be an idiot
Emotional reasoning
__________________: There are two key types of jumping to conclusions:
__________ – imagining we know what others are thinking
___________ – predicting the future
Jumping to conclusions
Mind reading
Fortune telling
_______________: Discounting the good things that have happened or that you have done for some reason or another
That doesn’t count
Disqualifying the positive
_______________ : Seeing a pattern based upon a single event, or being overly broad in the conclusions we draw
Everything is always rubbish
Nothing good ever happens
Over-generalizing
___________ : Only paying attention to certain types of evidence
Noticing our failures but not seeing our successes.
Mental filter
______________: distorted/ irrational thoughts leading to maladaptive behaviors.
Cognitive Distortions
__________________: the social aspects of the health were described in terms of
The Social Aspect of Mental Health
Social class
The Social Aspect of Mental Health
Ethnicity/ culture
The Social Aspect of Mental Health
Spirituality
The Social Aspect of Mental Health
Social values on health (e.g. whether health was regarded as a good or a bad thing),
The Social Aspect of Mental Health
Pressures to change behavior (e.g. peer group expectations, parental pressure),
The Social Aspect of Mental Health
Social norms of behavior (e.g. the social norm of smoking or not smoking),
The Social Aspect of Mental Health
What model states that the mental and physical disorders from a genetic or biological predisposition or that illness (diathesis) combined with stressful conditions that play a precipitating or facilitating role.
Diathesis-Stress Model
Predisposing Factors of the Diathesis-Stress Model,
Genetics, Biological Factor, & Childhood Experiences
__________ – family history of a psychological disorder; related to defective genes
Genetics
______________– isolation, loneliness or shyness that creates a distorted view of the world
Childhood Experiences
_______________ – such as oxygen deprivation at birth or poor nutrition during early childhood
Biological Factor
Precipitating Factors:
Stresses
_________ – Minor daily stress (internal or external), life events (family death, starting school), Short-term (school assignment), Long-term stress (chronic pain/ illness)
Stresses
NSO: ______________ are the third most common form of morbidity for Filipinos
Mental health illnesses
Mental Health across Generations
Highly educated & tech savvy
Gen Y (1980-1999): Millennials
Mental Health across Generations
52% say stress keeps them awake at night…
BUT, they are willing to seek help.
Gen Y (1980-1999): Millennials
Mental Health across Generations
STRESS: Work & Money
Gen Y (1980-1999): Millennials
Mental Health across Generations
Caused a cultural shift and destigmatized mental health issues.
Gen Y (1980-1999): Millennials
Witnessed and adapted to rapidly changing technology
Gen Y (1980-1999): Millennials
Mental Health across Generations
Mostly in their tweens/teens
Gen Z (2000-2016): iGEN
Mental Health across Generations
Rise in: Anxiety, Pessimism, Depression & Suicide
BUT, they are willing to seek help.
Gen Z (2000-2016): iGEN
Mental Health across Generations
Three in four are worried about: Getting a job, debt, & terrorism.
Gen Z (2000-2016): iGEN
Mental Health across Generations
Digital natives, Socially isolated, Politically aware
96% own a smartphone and use it 6 hours a day
Gen Z (2000-2016): iGEN
Mental Health across Generations
Growing up slower than previous generations; putting off traditionally “adult” activities like working, driving, drinking, etc.
Gen Z (2000-2016): iGEN
________________ is a common but serious mood disorder that negatively affects an individual’s behavior, emotions, thoughts, bodily functions, and interpersonal relationships.
Depression
It can lead to a variety of problems and difficulties in daily living, including academics.
Depression
It is described as a feeling of intense sadness and may include loss of interest in activities a person usually enjoys.
Depression
Give at least five Characteristics of Someone with Depression
- Overwhelming
- Sadness
- Hopelessness
- Loss of interest and/or energy
- Guilt or worthlessness
- Concentration loss
- Appetite and/ sleep change
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Irritability/ Anger
- Withdrawal/ Isolation
- Suicidal thoughts
_______ is the second leading cause of death among 15-29 year olds (WHO, 2017)
Suicide
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) vs. Suicide
Expressed Intent
Suicide: to end feeling (and life) altogether
NSSI: ________________
to feel better
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) vs. Suicide
Aftermath
NSSI: unintentional death is not common; ________________ in sense of well-being and functioning
shorter improvement
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) vs. Suicide
Frequency
Suicide: _____________
NSSI: often used _______________ to manage stress and other emotions
much more frequent; regularly or off and on
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) vs. Suicide
Methods Used
Suicide: __________________
NSSI: cause damage to the ___________________
much more lethal; surface of the body only
Secures the rights and welfare of persons with mental health needs as well as mental health professionals
Philippine Mental Health Law (RA 11036)
Promotes mental healthcare education in schools and workplaces
Philippine Mental Health Law (RA 11036)
Provides mental health services all the way down to barangays
Philippine Mental Health Law (RA 11036)
Integrates psychosocial, psychiatric, and neurological services in regional, provincial and tertiary hospitals
Philippine Mental Health Law (RA 11036)
Improves mental healthcare facilities
Philippine Mental Health Law (RA 11036)
“-iatry” refers to __________________
medical treatment
Medical doctor
Psychiatrists
Assess both mental and physical aspects of psychological problems
Psychiatrists
Conduct and prescribe medical treatments
Psychiatrists
“-ology” refers to the _______________
study of a topic
Advanced degree
Psychologists
Extensive training in research or clinical practice
Psychologists
Specialize ting and in psychological testing and evaluation
Psychologists
Experts in mental health
Psychiatrists and Psychologists
Conduct psychotherapy
Psychiatrists and Psychologists
Administers objective and structures personality tests, conducts preparatory intake interviews of clients for psychological intervention sessions.
Psychometricians
Focus is on everyday life concerns that are not clinical in nature, can be specific to certain contexts such as nature, can be specific to certain contexts such as business, executive academic, and sports science.
Life Coach
Focus is on resumption of activities of daily living; integration with community by honing occupational skills
Occupational Therapists
Focus is on the process of integration of clients in the community.
Social Worker
Focus is on signs, symptoms, and complaints of clients; serves as case managers in clinical settings.
Psychiatric Nurses
Focus is on clients potential and resolution of problems, common in education and career setting
Guidance Counselors
7 PSYCHOLOGICAL VACCINES
Many infectious disasters have cycles. Clearly recognize that the end comes after the pandemic.
HOPE
7 PSYCHOLOGICAL VACCINES
Strive for the balance of emotion and reason, of body and mind, of family and work, and of anxiety ad stability.
BALANCE
7 PSYCHOLOGICAL VACCINES
Get regular access to information from trusted sources and get to know the coronavirus properly.
KNOWLEDGE
7 PSYCHOLOGICAL VACCINES
Accept and acknowledge the stress response as normal and ENCOURAGE yourself.
ENCOURAGEMENT
7 PSYCHOLOGICAL VACCINES
Do small things that help relieve stress for people around you or members of the community.
POSITIVITY
7 PSYCHOLOGICAL VACCINES
Observe personal hygiene regulations and act morally and ethically.
DISCIPLINE
7 PSYCHOLOGICAL VACCINES
Check in advance where to contact when suspected symptoms occur, such as a public health center or a screening clinic.
INFORMATION
