The Self in the Philosophical Perspective Flashcards
“Know thyself”
Socrates
“Our soul strives for wisdom and perfection.”
Socrates
“An unexamined life is not worth living.”
Socrates
Dualistic Reality: Body and Soul
Socrates
3-Part Soul/ self (Psyche) = Reason, Physical Appetite & Spirit/ Passion
Plato
Plato’s 3-Part Soul/ self (Psyche) composes of:
Reason, Physical Appetite & Spirit/ Passion
The mind (self) is a tabula rasa (a blank tablet).
Aristotle
The Process of Completion is through experiences.
Aristotle
Self is composed of matter and form
Aristotle
The Post-Aristotelians:
Stoicism, Hedonism & Epicureanism
Apathy or indifference to pleasure
Stoicism
Embracing Adversity
Stoicism
It’s a philosophy designed to make us more resilient, happier, more virtuous and more wise– and as a result, better people, better parents and better professionals.
Stoicism
“Eat, drink, and be happy. For tomorrow, you will die.”
Hedonism
They believe that pleasure is the only good in life, and pain is the only evil, and our life’s goal should be to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.
Hedonism
Moderate pleasure
Epicureanism
Being content with the simple things in life ensures that you will never be disappointed.
Epicureanism
From the scientific investigation on nature and search for happiness to the question of life and salvation in another realm, in a better world (i.e. the afterlife)
Theo-centric
There was an aim to merge philosophy and religion (Christian, Jewish, Muslim)
Theo-centric
Integrates Platonic ideas with the tenets of Christianity
St. Augustine
Believes that the self strives to achieve with God through faith and reason.
St. Augustine
Self-knowledge is dependent on our experience of the world around us (objects in our environment)
St. Thomas Aquinas
“The things that we love tell us what we are.”
St. Thomas Aquinas
The labels we attribute to ourselves are taken from the things we encounter in our environment.
St. Thomas Aquinas
Experiences that something exists doesn’t tell us what it is.
St. Thomas Aquinas
Knowing and learning about a thing requires a long process of understanding; same with the mind and the self– with experience and reason.
St. Thomas Aquinas
Thinkers began to reject the scholastics’ (medieval thinkers) excessive reliance on authority
Anthropocentric
Period of radical, social, political and intellectual developments.
Anthropocentric
The self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body.
Rene Descartes
Personal identity is made possible by self-consciousness.
John Locke
There is no “self,” only a bundle of constantly changing perceptions passing through the theater of our minds.
David Hume
The self is the brain. Mental states will be superseded by brain states.
Paul & Patricia Churchland
The self is the way people behave.
Gilbert Ryle
The self is a unifying subject, an organizing consciousness that makes intelligible experience possible.
Immanuel Kant
Both Husserl and Merleau-Ponty agree that our living body is a natural synthesis of mind and biology is stated in:
Embodied Subjectivity:
Who are those who introduced the Embodied Subjectivity?
Husserl and Merleau-Ponty
Describe the phenomena of the lived experience (reducing biases) by describing what your immediate responses are– physically, emotionally, cognitively.
Phenomenological approach
According to him, we experience ourself as a unity which the in mental and physical are seamlessly woven together.
Edmund Husserl
According to him, the self is embodied subjectivity.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
