The Self in the Philosophical Perspective

Question 1

“Know thyself”

Answer 1

Socrates

Question 2

“Our soul strives for wisdom and perfection.”

Answer 2

Socrates

Question 3

“An unexamined life is not worth living.”

Answer 3

Socrates

Question 4

Dualistic Reality: Body and Soul

Answer 4

Socrates

Question 5

3-Part Soul/ self (Psyche) = Reason, Physical Appetite & Spirit/ Passion

Answer 5

Plato

Question 6

Plato’s 3-Part Soul/ self (Psyche) composes of:

Answer 6

Reason, Physical Appetite & Spirit/ Passion

Question 7

The mind (self) is a tabula rasa (a blank tablet).

Answer 7

Aristotle

Question 8

The Process of Completion is through experiences.

Answer 8

Aristotle

Question 9

Self is composed of matter and form

Answer 9

Aristotle

Question 10

The Post-Aristotelians:

Answer 10

Stoicism, Hedonism & Epicureanism

Question 11

Apathy or indifference to pleasure

Answer 11

Stoicism

Question 12

Embracing Adversity

Answer 12

Stoicism

Question 13

It’s a philosophy designed to make us more resilient, happier, more virtuous and more wise– and as a result, better people, better parents and better professionals.

Answer 13

Stoicism

Question 14

“Eat, drink, and be happy. For tomorrow, you will die.”

Answer 14

Hedonism

Question 15

They believe that pleasure is the only good in life, and pain is the only evil, and our life’s goal should be to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.

Answer 15

Hedonism

Question 16

Moderate pleasure

Answer 16

Epicureanism

Question 17

Being content with the simple things in life ensures that you will never be disappointed.

Answer 17

Epicureanism

Question 18

From the scientific investigation on nature and search for happiness to the question of life and salvation in another realm, in a better world (i.e. the afterlife)

Answer 18

Theo-centric

Question 19

There was an aim to merge philosophy and religion (Christian, Jewish, Muslim)

Answer 19

Theo-centric

Question 20

Integrates Platonic ideas with the tenets of Christianity

Answer 20

St. Augustine

Question 21

Believes that the self strives to achieve with God through faith and reason.

Answer 21

St. Augustine

Question 22

Self-knowledge is dependent on our experience of the world around us (objects in our environment)

Answer 22

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 23

“The things that we love tell us what we are.”

Answer 23

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 24

The labels we attribute to ourselves are taken from the things we encounter in our environment.

Answer 24

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 25

Experiences that something exists doesn’t tell us what it is.

Answer 25

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 26

Knowing and learning about a thing requires a long process of understanding; same with the mind and the self– with experience and reason.

Answer 26

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 27

Thinkers began to reject the scholastics’ (medieval thinkers) excessive reliance on authority

Answer 27

Anthropocentric

Question 28

Period of radical, social, political and intellectual developments.

Answer 28

Anthropocentric

Question 29

The self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body.

Answer 29

Rene Descartes

Question 30

Personal identity is made possible by self-consciousness.

Answer 30

John Locke

Question 31

There is no “self,” only a bundle of constantly changing perceptions passing through the theater of our minds.

Answer 31

David Hume

Question 32

The self is the brain. Mental states will be superseded by brain states.

Answer 32

Paul & Patricia Churchland

Question 33

The self is the way people behave.

Answer 33

Gilbert Ryle

Question 34

The self is a unifying subject, an organizing consciousness that makes intelligible experience possible.

Answer 34

Immanuel Kant

Question 35

Both Husserl and Merleau-Ponty agree that our living body is a natural synthesis of mind and biology is stated in:

Answer 35

Embodied Subjectivity:

Question 36

Who are those who introduced the Embodied Subjectivity?

Answer 36

Husserl and Merleau-Ponty

Question 37

Describe the phenomena of the lived experience (reducing biases) by describing what your immediate responses are– physically, emotionally, cognitively.

Answer 37

Phenomenological approach

Question 38

According to him, we experience ourself as a unity which the in mental and physical are seamlessly woven together.

Answer 38

Edmund Husserl

Question 39

According to him, the self is embodied subjectivity.

Answer 39

Maurice Merleau-Ponty