The Scientific Revolution And The Enlightenment

Question 0

Polish clergyman and astronomer, challenged the geocentric view of the universe

Answer 0

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 1

Aristotle and Alexandrian both believed in the

Answer 1

Geocentric theory

Question 2

Theroy that the earth revolves around the sun, which was the center of the universe

Answer 2

Heliocentric view

Question 3

Formulated the three laws of planetary motion

Answer 3

Johannes Kepler

Question 4

First to discover irrefutable proof of heliocentric theory

Answer 4

Galileo Galilei

Question 5

Accuses Galileo of meddling with dangerous subjects

Answer 5

Pope urban VII

Question 6

Advocated an inductive method for scientific explanation

Answer 6

Francis bacon

Question 7

Advocated a deductive method for the search for truth

Answer 7

Rene Descartes

Question 8

Two methods resulting in the logical creation of the scientific method

Answer 8

Rene Descartes deductive reasoning and Francis bacons inductive reasoning

Question 9

Scientists organized societies in order to

Answer 9

Promote the research and spread of scientific knowledge

Question 10

Scientific society’s helped create

Answer 10

An international scientific community

Question 11

Issac newtons principal combine

Answer 11

Keplers laws of planetary motion, Galileo’s laws of inertia an falling bodies, and newtons own conception of gravity

Question 12

Groups of thinkers and writers who espoused enlightened ideas

Answer 12

Philosophies

Question 13

Believed god was a “cosmic watchmaker” and he let the universe run on natural laws

Answer 13

Deists

Question 14

Deism was generally embraced by

Answer 14

Educated elites in Western Europe and America

Question 15

Deism had little appeal to many people because if its

Answer 15

Lack of emotion and reliance on reason

Question 16

Pietism stressed beliefs of

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Faith, emotion and religion in the heart

Question 17

Prince of the philosophies

Answer 17

Voltaire

Question 18

Voltaire criticized France’s

Answer 18

Ridged government

Question 19

Voltaire denounced

Answer 19

Religious bigotry

Question 20

Voltaire directed most of his criticism towards

Answer 20

Intolerance of organized Christianity, both Protestants and Catholics

Question 21

“Crush the infamous thing” stated by Voltaire is directed towards

Answer 21

Enemies if reason and religious tolerance

Question 22

Goal to bring together science, technology, mathematics, arts, an government or “all things”

Answer 22

Denis Diderot

Question 23

Disseminated enlightened thinking across Europe and both America, undermined established authority

Answer 23

Encyclopedia

Question 24

Attempted to create a “social science” by applying methods of natural sciences to the study of government, best represented in his “Spirit of the Laws”

Answer 24

Baron de Montesquieu

Question 25

Montesquieu concluded that the ideal government was divided into

Answer 25

Executive legislative and judicial branches

Question 26

Montesquieu’s ideas of separated powers were meant to

Answer 26

Protect the rights of individuals

Question 27

Separation of powers had a great influence on

Answer 27

The American constitution

Question 28

Presented ideas on education in the mid 18th century

Answer 28

Emile by jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 29

Rousseau argued a ____________ should replace ridged schooling

Answer 29

Natural education

Question 31

Rousseau argued individuals enter a social contract with

Answer 31

One another

Question 32

Rousseau’s ideas of social contracts created a

Answer 32

Community or organized civil society

Question 33

Rousseau beloved sovereign power of the state should lie with the

Answer 33

General will of the community

Question 34

Rousseau distrusted reason and science and embraced

Answer 34

Emotions

Question 35

Voltaire generally supported

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Religious tolerance

Question 36

Voltaire generally opposed

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Superstition and ignorance

Question 37

Rousseau’s ideas of education are presented in his novel

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Emile

Question 38

General will

Answer 38

Sovereign power of state lies with community

Question 39

French economic reformers

Answer 39

Physiocrats

Question 40

Physiocrats questioned

Answer 40

Mercantilist principles

Question 41

Physiocrats argued that governments should follow a

Answer 41

Laissez faire policy

Question 42

Laissez fair policy

Answer 42

Noninterference with the economy

Question 43

Most influential advocate of laissez faire economics

Answer 43

Adam smith

Question 69

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke argued that individuals enter a social contract with

Answer 69

Their rulers