People Flashcards
Erasmus
Wrote in Latin, praise of folly, wanted to reform not destroy church
Machievellie
The prince, people are evil, ends justify the means
Martin Luther
Protestant reformer, priesthood of all believers
John Calvin
Institutes of Christian religion, Huguenots, established Geneva as model Christian community
Montaigne
Created writing style know as essay, skeptical attitude
Nicolaus Copernicus
On the revolution of heavenly spheres, heliocentric theory
Johannes Kepler
Assistant to Tycho Brahe, three laws of planetary motion, elliptical not circular orbits
Galileo Galilee
Scientific method by controlled experiment, condemned for advocating heliocentric model
Issac newton
Newtonian world machine idea, strongly influenced deism
Francis bacon
Inductive reasoning or empiricism
Rene Descartes
Deductive reasoning, truth through logic
Thomas Hobbes
Leviathan, saw humans self centered and prone to violence, feared anarchy more than tyranny
John Locke
Second treatise of government, viewed humans as rational, natural right, governed have right to rebel against ruler
Voltaire
French philosophe, enlightened principles of reason and tolerance, criticized organized religion
Rousseau
Emile, social contract between people and government, general will, rejected rationalism, stressed emotional values
Adam smith
Laissez faire economy, wealth of nations, opposed mercantilism
Mary Wollstonecraft
Women are not natural inferior to men
Edmund Burke
Reflections of the revolutions in France, denounced violence of French Revolution, gradual change of revolution
John Stuart mill
Utilitarian, on liberty, the subjection of women, universal suffrage
Karl Marx
Communist manifesto, scientific socialist, class conflict best understood though by process of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis, dictatorship of the proletariat
Sigmund Freud
Human are rational, id everything is driven by subconscious desire
Albert Einstein
Theroy of relativity, undermined Newtonian physics, universe of uncertainty
Nietzsche
Existentialist, middle class morality lead to shallow existence, reject reason for the irrational
Albert Camus and John Paul Sartre
Question reason and science, god and reason are mythes,
