The French Revolution And Napoleon Flashcards
Lead to sharp increase of bread prices prior to French Revolution
Grain shortages
Most of France’s population just prior to the French Revolution was made of
Peasants
Three major causes for French government debt prior to the French Revolution were
Louis XIV’s prolific spending, the seven years war and financing the American war for independence
Major causes for the French Revolution included
Social class issues, peasant distress, government debt, and royal weakness in the government
Refusal of the assembly of notables to support Louis XVI’s tax reform causes
Calling of estates general
Main cause of calling of estates general.
French government threatened with bankruptcy, assembly of notables refuse to support Louis XVI’s tax reform.
The first estate
The clergy, optional payment of taxes
The second estate
Nobility, owned 25 percent of land
The third estate
Everyone else, 95 percent of population,
Marks beginning of French Revolution
Tennis court oath
Led third estate to reject unfair method of voting and to the tennis court oath
Abbé sieyes
Bastille
Raiding of prison for a supply of gun powder and weapons used in French Revolution
The declaration of the rights of man and the citizen
Declared in French Revolution, states all men are born and remain free and equal in rights
What about the French Revolution best shows Locke’s ideas of natural rights
The declaration of the rights of man and the citizens
Mary Wollstonecraft
Argued that women are not inferior to men in vindication of women’s rights
Shows fight for women’s rights during French Revolution
Mary Wollstonecraft’s vindication of women’s rights, and women’s march to Versailles
Women’s march to Versailles
Women march to Versailles demanding cheap bread and royal family to move to Paris
The acts passed by the National Assembly
Confiscated Roman Catholic Church land, decreed bishops and priests to be elected by people, required clergy to take oath to support new government
Pope Pius’s reaction to acts passed by National Assembly
He condemned or ignored the acts
Clergys reaction to acts passed by National Assembly
Refusal to accept them
Did not give women right to vote or abolish private property
National Assembly
Conservatives of the legislative assemble who supported the king
The right
Moderates in the legislative assemble, comprised large group of legislative assemble
Center
Radicals who distrusted the king and wanted the French Revolution I continue in the legislative assemble
The left
In the legislative assemble the left was composed of what two groups
Jacobins and Girondists
Jacobins
Wanted to overthrow monarchy an make a republic
Girondists
Wanted to discredit monarchy and extend revolution across Europe
Declaration of phillnitz
Declares restoration of absolutism in France was of the common interest to all sovereigns of Europe
War of the first coalition
Legislative assembly declares war against Austria and Prussia
War of the first coalition results in
Austria and Prussia advance towards Paris because France was poorly equipped
Sans culottes
Took Paris commune in second French Revolution to form a more democratic government
September massacres
Mobs of san culottes executed over a thousand priests
Marks beginning of second French revolutions
September massacres
Abolishes monarchy and declares France a republic in second French Revolution
National convention
Executed in second French Revolution
Louis XVI
Passed order to execute Louis XVI
National convention
Burke warned that mob rule would lead to
Anarchy and military dictatorship
First coalition of the late 18th century composed of
England Spain Holland Sardinia and Prussia
Causes if the reign of terror
Foreign invaders and threat of domestic rebellion
Establishes committee of public safety
National Assembly
Leads committee of public safety, shows dictatorial power
Robespierre
“Levee en masses”
Robespierre’s order decreeing compulsory military services for men between age of 18 and 40
Napoleon Bonaparte was mainly motivated by
Patriotism
Defeat the first coalition
Committee of public safety
Ends radical phase of French Revolution
Robespierre’s death
Directory
2 house legislature and executive body of 5 men
Causes of the fall of the directory
Failure to deal with inflammation food shortages and corruption
Overthrows the directory
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleonic codes
Equality before law, freedom of religion, abolition privilege, protection of property rights
Concordat of 1801
Napoleon grants the pope the right to confirm dignitaries appointed by government
Popes response to the concordat of 1801
Pope gives recognition to French government and accepts churches loss of land during revolution
In the early 19th century Napoleon abolishes
Feudalism
The abolition of feudalism did what for French peasants in the early 19th century
Granted them freedom from manorial duties
Continental system
Napoleon closes all European ports to British ships and goods
Causes of napoleons invasion of Russia in the early 19th century
The continental system stopped vital Russian trade
Effects of napoleons invasion of Russia in the early 19th century
Napoleons defeat by the grand alliance at the battle of nations, Napoleon exiled to Elba, grand alliance defeat Napoleon at the battle of Waterloo
The grand alliance in the early 19th century was composed of
Great Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria
Napoleons battle of austerlitz
Solidified his reputation as a military genius
