Key Figures Of European History Flashcards
Wrote in Latin instead of vernacular, wanted to reform Catholic Church, praise of folly
Desiderius Erasmus
Political philosopher, the prince
Niccolo Machiavelli
Faith alone
Martin Luther
The institutes of the Christian religion, Influenced Huguenot religion
John Calvin
French renaissance writer, developed the essay as a literary genre, skeptical attitude
Michel de Montaigne
On the revolution of heavenly spheres, launched the scientific revolution by challenging geocentric theory
Nicklaus Copernicus
Assistant to Tycho Brahe, formulated three laws of planetary motion, planets move elliptically not circularly
Johannes Kepler
Conducted controlled experiments, used telescope for astronomical observation, formulated laws of motion
Galileo Galilei
Principia, universe is a vast machine
Issac newton
Formulated empirical method into general theory known as empiricism.
Francis bacon
Used deductive reasoning from self evident principles to reach scientific laws, mathematician
Rene Descartes
Wrote leviathan, humans are self centered and prone to violence, in favor of absolute monarchs
Thomas Hobbes
The second treatise of government, humans are rational beings, “life liberty and property”
John Locke
Enlightened principles of reason, progress, toleration an individualism. Opposed suppers toon and intolerance
Voltaire
The social contract and Emile, believed stare was based on a social contract
Jean Jacques Rousseau
An inquiry into the nature, opposed mercantilist policies, advocated free trade and “the invisible hand of competition”
Adam smith
Vindication of the rights of women, women are not naturally inferior to men
Mary Wollstonecraft
Reflections on the revolution in France, denounced the radicalism and violence of French Revolution
Edmund Burke
The subjection of women, advocated women’s rights and universal suffrage
John Stuart mill
Communist manifesto, beloved history of clad conflict is best understood thought dialectical process if thesis
Karl Marx
Origin of species, struggle for existence, survival of the fittest
Charles Darwin
Theriores of human personality, I’d superego and ego
Sigmund Freud
German physicist, theory of relativity
Albert Einstein
German philosopher, encourages existentialism, embraced the irrational
Freidrich Nietzsche
20th century French existentialist writers, questioned efficacy of reason
Albert Camus and jean Paul Sartre
