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AS PE > The Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Respiratory System Flashcards

0
Q

What is meant by inspiratory system and how does it change during exercise?

A

Maximal volume inspired following end of resting inspiration.

Decrease

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1
Q

What is respiration?

A

Gaseous exchange

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2
Q

What is meant by tidal volume and how does it change during exercise

A

Volume inspired or expired per breath

Increase

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3
Q

What are the three types of respiration?

A

1) external respiration
2) internal respiration
3) cellular respiration

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4
Q

What does external respiration happen between?

A

Lungs & blood

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5
Q

What does internal respiration happen between?

A

Blood & tissue

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6
Q

What does cellular respiration happen between?

A

Mitochondria & ATP production

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7
Q

What is myoglobin?

A

Transport of O2 in the cell

Stores O2

Oxygen is taken in through the mitochondria

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8
Q

What are the muscles used during active inspiration and expectation?

A 
Inspiration- Sternocleidomastoid 
External Intercostal muscles 
Diaphragm
Scalenes
Pectoralis minor

Expiration- internal intercostal muscles
Abdominals
All others relax

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9
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Transport of O2 in the blood

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10
Q

What are the muscles used in quiet inspiration and expiration?

A

Inspiration-external intercostal muscles
Diaphram

Expiration- external intercostal muscles and diaphram relax

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11
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume? And how it changes during exercise

A

Maximal volume expired following end of resting expiration

Decrease

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12
Q

What is vital capacity? And how it changes during exercise

A

The maximum volume of air forcibly expired following maximum inspiration

Slight decrease

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13
Q

What is residual volume? And how it changes during exercise

A

The volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of maximal expiration

Remains the same

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14
Q

What is total lung capacity

A

The volume of air that is in the lungs following maximal inspiration

Big increase

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15
Q

What is the pressure like when there is a large volume?

A

Low

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16
Q

What is the pressure like when there is a small volume?

A

High

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17
Q

What is the chest called?

A

Thoracic cavity

18
Q

Explain what happens during inspiration of quiet breathing.

A

External intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribs up and out.
The diaphram contracts becoming flatter.

19
Q

Explain what happens during expiration of quiet breathing

A

External intercostal muscles relax, lowering the ribs.

The diaphram relaxes becoming dome shaped.

20
Q

Explain what happens during inspiration of active breathing

A

The contraction of external intercostal muscles, diaphram, Sternocleidomastoid, scalene an pectoral minor.
Diaphram contracts becomes flatter.

21
Q

Explain what happens during expiration of active breathing

A

Contraction of intercostal muscles and Abdominals allowing the volume to be decreasing quickly to increase the pressure quicker to force the air out quicker.
The external intercostal muscles and diaphram relax.

22
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Volume inspired or expired per breath

23
Q

What is the lung safety mechanism known as?

A

Hering-Breuer reflex

Prevents over inflation of the lungs

24
Q

What are 4 receptors which detect changes in the body?

A

Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors (proprioceptors)
Bioreceptors

25
Q

What does the Mechanoreceptors detect?

A

Movement

26
Q

What do the chemoreceptors detect?

A

Detect a change in ph levels due to CO2 and lactic acid

27
Q

What do bio receptors detect?

A

Change in pressure of blood

28
Q

What do thermoreceptors detect?

A

Detect change in temperature

29
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

Maximal volume inspired following resting inspiration

30
Q

How is CO2 transported around the body?

A

23% combined with hemoglobin = carbohemoglobin
7% dissolves in plasma
70% as hydrogen carbonate

31
Q

How is O2 transported around the body?

A

97% combined with hemoglobin = oxyhemoglobin

3% dissolves in plasma

32
Q 
What is the particial pressure of 
O2 
& 
Co2 
In the atmospheric air?
A

PO2- 160mmhg

PCO2-0.3mmhg

33
Q

What are the 3 main gases in the atmosphere and the % ?

A

O2- 21%
CO2- 0.3%
N-79%

34
Q

Definition of particial pressure?

A

The pressure that is exerted by an individual gas within a mixture of gases

35
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of partials from a high concentration to a low concentration across a partially permeable membrane

36
Q

What is VO2 difference?

A

How much O2 is extracted and utilised by the muscles, by measuring how much O2 enters the blood to the lungs compared to what returns.

37
Q

What is minute ventilation?

A

The amount of air breathed in and out in a minute.

38
Q

What happens to minute ventilation during maximal exercise?

A

Rises rapidly until you reach max heart rate, then rapidly decreases, then slows go reach normal VE

39
Q

What is equation for VE?

A

Tidal vol x no of breaths per min

40
Q

What is VO2 max?

A

The amount of O2 extracted and utilised by muscles per minute

41
Q

What happens to VE DURING SUB-maximal exercise?

A

The VE rises quickly, then levels off at 100lte/min the steadily decreases

42
Q

What is meant by anticipatory rise?

A

The adrenaline that kicks in just before exercise

43
Q

Why does an anticipatory rise occur?

A

As your brain realises your about to work it, it realises adrenaline to speed up your heart in prep for exercise.

AS PE (17 decks)

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