The Respiratory System Flashcards
What is meant by inspiratory system and how does it change during exercise?
Maximal volume inspired following end of resting inspiration.
Decrease
What is respiration?
Gaseous exchange
What is meant by tidal volume and how does it change during exercise
Volume inspired or expired per breath
Increase
What are the three types of respiration?
1) external respiration
2) internal respiration
3) cellular respiration
What does external respiration happen between?
Lungs & blood
What does internal respiration happen between?
Blood & tissue
What does cellular respiration happen between?
Mitochondria & ATP production
What is myoglobin?
Transport of O2 in the cell
Stores O2
Oxygen is taken in through the mitochondria
What are the muscles used during active inspiration and expectation?
Inspiration- Sternocleidomastoid External Intercostal muscles Diaphragm Scalenes Pectoralis minor
Expiration- internal intercostal muscles
Abdominals
All others relax
What is hemoglobin?
Transport of O2 in the blood
What are the muscles used in quiet inspiration and expiration?
Inspiration-external intercostal muscles
Diaphram
Expiration- external intercostal muscles and diaphram relax
What is expiratory reserve volume? And how it changes during exercise
Maximal volume expired following end of resting expiration
Decrease
What is vital capacity? And how it changes during exercise
The maximum volume of air forcibly expired following maximum inspiration
Slight decrease
What is residual volume? And how it changes during exercise
The volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of maximal expiration
Remains the same
What is total lung capacity
The volume of air that is in the lungs following maximal inspiration
Big increase
What is the pressure like when there is a large volume?
Low
What is the pressure like when there is a small volume?
High
What is the chest called?
Thoracic cavity
Explain what happens during inspiration of quiet breathing.
External intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribs up and out.
The diaphram contracts becoming flatter.
Explain what happens during expiration of quiet breathing
External intercostal muscles relax, lowering the ribs.
The diaphram relaxes becoming dome shaped.
Explain what happens during inspiration of active breathing
The contraction of external intercostal muscles, diaphram, Sternocleidomastoid, scalene an pectoral minor.
Diaphram contracts becomes flatter.
Explain what happens during expiration of active breathing
Contraction of intercostal muscles and Abdominals allowing the volume to be decreasing quickly to increase the pressure quicker to force the air out quicker.
The external intercostal muscles and diaphram relax.
What is tidal volume?
Volume inspired or expired per breath
What is the lung safety mechanism known as?
Hering-Breuer reflex
Prevents over inflation of the lungs
What are 4 receptors which detect changes in the body?
Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors (proprioceptors)
Bioreceptors
What does the Mechanoreceptors detect?
Movement
What do the chemoreceptors detect?
Detect a change in ph levels due to CO2 and lactic acid
What do bio receptors detect?
Change in pressure of blood
What do thermoreceptors detect?
Detect change in temperature
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
Maximal volume inspired following resting inspiration
How is CO2 transported around the body?
23% combined with hemoglobin = carbohemoglobin
7% dissolves in plasma
70% as hydrogen carbonate
How is O2 transported around the body?
97% combined with hemoglobin = oxyhemoglobin
3% dissolves in plasma
What is the particial pressure of O2 & Co2 In the atmospheric air?
PO2- 160mmhg
PCO2-0.3mmhg
What are the 3 main gases in the atmosphere and the % ?
O2- 21%
CO2- 0.3%
N-79%
Definition of particial pressure?
The pressure that is exerted by an individual gas within a mixture of gases
What is diffusion?
The movement of partials from a high concentration to a low concentration across a partially permeable membrane
What is VO2 difference?
How much O2 is extracted and utilised by the muscles, by measuring how much O2 enters the blood to the lungs compared to what returns.
What is minute ventilation?
The amount of air breathed in and out in a minute.
What happens to minute ventilation during maximal exercise?
Rises rapidly until you reach max heart rate, then rapidly decreases, then slows go reach normal VE
What is equation for VE?
Tidal vol x no of breaths per min
What is VO2 max?
The amount of O2 extracted and utilised by muscles per minute
What happens to VE DURING SUB-maximal exercise?
The VE rises quickly, then levels off at 100lte/min the steadily decreases
What is meant by anticipatory rise?
The adrenaline that kicks in just before exercise
Why does an anticipatory rise occur?
As your brain realises your about to work it, it realises adrenaline to speed up your heart in prep for exercise.
