Information Processing Flashcards
What is selective attention?
When a performer learns to focus on the relevant stimuli and ignore the irrelevant stimuli e.g. a crowd
What is the order of information processing?
Display Input (senses & receptors) Perceptual mechanism Translatory mechanism Effector mechanism Output (muscular contractions) Feedback
What is the definition of display?
The physical environment surrounding the performer contains various stimuli, which then the performer has to select which is relevant at the time.
That are the sense organs?
Sight-eyes
Touch-skin
Hearing-ears
Proprioception-muscle spindles
What is proprioception?
Gathering information from inside the body via nerve receptors in the muscle and joint.
What is the perceptual mechanism and what does it do?
Detecting information, comparing the long term memory and then recognising that information.
What does the translators mechanism do?
Decides what movement to actually do, based on previous experiences.
What does the effector mechanism do?
The motor programme is released and completed by the performer.
Neural commands are sent by the brain to the muscle to tell performer to make that specific movement.
What is feedback?
From 2 sources:
Extrinsic- from outside e.g. Coach telling you, you did good.
Intrinsic- what your opinion is and what you thought of it.
What are the 5 ways you can improve selective attention?
- Motivate the athlete
- Increase the intensity of the stimuli
- Learn to ignore irrelevant stimuli
- Mental rehearsal
- Direct the performers attention to one aspect of the performance
What is order of memory?
Short-term sensory store
Selective attention
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
What are the characteristics for the short-term sensory store?
Takes in everything
0.5 second storage
Selective attention takes place here
What are the characteristics for the short-term memory?
- Stores 5-9 pieces of information
- Store for approx 30 seconds
- Receives feedback
- Compares input info to long-term
- Initiates the movement by realising a motor programme
What are the characteristics of the long -term memory
Unlimited
Store of past experience
Requires some kind of chemical change in the brain for info to be stored in the ltm.
Only rehearsed and meaningful information enters the long-term store.
Store of motor programmes
What are the 4 strategies to improve memory?
Chunking- group info together
Mental rehearsal- visualisation
Repeat movement- practice
Chaining -linking information together
What is reaction time?
The time taken to imitate a response to a given stimulus.
What is movement time?
The time between the start of the movement and it’s completion.
What is response time?
The time taken from the onset of the stimuli to the completion of the movement.
Reaction time + movement time
What is simple reaction time?
When there is only one stimuli and one response.
What is choice reaction time?
When there is a number of stimuli presented and a number is possible responses.
What is hicks law?
The more choices the slower the reaction but the rate of increase in reaction time decrease with increasing choice
More choices = lower reaction time
Less choices = higher reaction time
What can affect reaction time?
Age Gender Drugs/ alcohol Experience Stimulus intensity Ability
What is the single channel hypothesis ?
Only one stimulus can be processed at once, a second stimulus has to wait for the first one to be processed.
what is psychological refractory period?
Only one stimulus can be processed at once at once, A second stimulus presented before the first has been processed, causes a delay.
Why an open loop control system is applicable to all types of skill?
because some movements dont change
happens quickly difficult to analyse
Some movements require feedback to make modifications
