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AS PE > learning and performance > Flashcards

learning and performance Flashcards

1
Q

what are the stages of learning ?

A

cognitive
associative
autonomous

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2
Q

what is the cognitive stages of development ?

A

involves the performer observing a demonstration or given verbal instructions , uses trial and error
mainly uses external feedback as performers dont have an understanding, teacher is vital at this stage, basic feedback should be given 2-3 key points
lots of praise, terminal feedback

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3
Q

what is the associative stage?

A

referred to as the practice stage, involves the performer developing and refining the movement of skill via combination of practice and feedback, initially external feedback, but learner will get a feel for kinasthetic awareness

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4
Q

what is in the autonomous stage?

A

little errors, players can focus on other factors such as tactics , reaction time and decision making can be improved , mostly intrinsic feedback, coach focuses on minor alterations all sorts of guidance can be used

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5
Q

wat cause plateus?

A 
boredom
fatigue 
lack of fitness 
inappropriate practice methods  
injury
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6
Q

solutions of plateus ?

A

vary type of practice sessions
offer extrinsic rewards
improve coaching knowledge
give new roles

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7
Q

what are the different types of motivation ?

A

intrinsic, extrinsic , tangible and intangible

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8
Q

what is intrinsic motivation ?

A

involves gaining self-satisfaction, pride and a feeling of achievement and comes from within

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9
Q

what is extrinsic motivation ?

A

a performer receives reward from others, goes into two categories

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10
Q

what are the two categories of extrinsic ?

A

tangible- medal, trophy,

intangible- frame, praise, applause

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11
Q

why is intrinsic good?

A

best for long term drive

sense of control

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12
Q

why is extrinsic bad?

A 
not good for long term 
only work for short term 
extrinsic rewards lose their value 
may athletes lose sight of why they started 
can become main focus 
athletes want more over time
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13
Q

how to motivate athletes ?

A

rewards/ praise
more fun training / enjoyable
goals and targets
staggered starts

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14
Q

what are the three main theories?

A

operant, cognitive, observational

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15
Q

what is operant conditioning ?

A

involves positive and negative reinforcement
positive- using material to encourage the repletion of a action
negative- with drawel of a negative stimulus
strengthen or weaken s-r bond

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16
Q

what did throndike suggest about the strengthening of the s-r bond?

A

law of exercise- must practice
law of effect- must followed by positive reinforcement
law of readiness- must be prepped

17
Q

what is the cognitive theory?

A

performer has a understanding of what is required

18
Q

what is observational learning ?

A 
proposed by bandura, people learn better by copying includes the stages 
attention- teacher must be interesting 
retention- must create a mental image 
motor production- must copy actions
motivation- learner must have some drive
19
Q

what is schmidts schema theory?

A

we adapt previous movement pattern to current environments
schemas initiated by two processes: recall- start of movement
recognition- controls and evaluates movements

20
Q

what are the two sources of info for recall schema ?

A

knowledge of initial condition- refers to info about environment, location and limb position compared to previous
knowledge of response- info about the task for it to be completed

21
Q

2 sources for recognition schema ?

A

sensory-feeling of movement ka

response - end result compared to whatvwas intended

22
Q

what are the six transfers ?

A 
postivitve 
negative 
bilateral 
proactive 
retroactive 
zero
23
Q

what is positive transfer?

A

when the previously learnt skill aids the learning of a new skill

24
Q

what is negative transfer ?

A

previously learnt skill hindering the learning of a new skill

25
Q

what is biltertal transfer?

A

involves the transfer of learning one limb to another

26
Q

what is proactive transfer?

A

when skill being learned has an affect on skills in the future

27
Q

what is retro active transfer?

A

when the skill learnt before has an effect on skill learned perviosly

28
Q

what is zero transfer ?

A

when one skill has no effect on the laering of another

29
Q

what are the benefits of goal setting ?

A 
development of self-confidence 
increased motivation levels 
improved slecetive attention
approach behavior 
persistence 
reductiosn in anxiety
30
Q

what are the two types of goal?

A

outcome performance - judges the performance of another against the end result
performance goal- judges the performances of an athlete against own standards

31
Q

what should a good goal include?

A 
specific
measurable 
accepted 
realistic 
time-phrased 
exciting 
recorded

AS PE (17 decks)

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