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the pituitary gland Flashcards

1
Q

what is the hypophysis

A

the pituitary gland

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2
Q

what controls all of the secretions of the pituitary gland

A

the hypothalamus

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3
Q

where is the pituitary gland

A

the base of the brain

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4
Q

what can the hormones of the pituitary gland do

A

act directly on non endocrine tissue or modulate other glands

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5
Q

which hormones secreted by the pituitary gland can modulate other organs

A
  • thyroid stimulating hormone
  • trophic hormones
  • follicle stimulating hormone
  • andrenocorticotrophic hormone
  • gonadotrophic
  • luteinising
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6
Q

what do the trophic hormones do

A

affect growth, function, and nutrition of other endocrine cells

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7
Q

what do follicle stimulating hormones do

A

stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of an egg. in men, helps control the production of sperm

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8
Q

what do gonadotrophic hormones do

A

they stimulate the gonads (sex glands)

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9
Q

what does the adrenocorticotropic hormone do

A

stimulate the adrenal glands to produce and secrete cortisol

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10
Q

what does luteinising hormone do

A

ovulation, menstrual cycle, sperm production

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11
Q

what are the hormones secreted by this gland that have an effect on non endocrine tissue

A

oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone
vasopressin
prolactin
growth hormone
melanocyte stimulating hormone

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12
Q

what does oxytocin do

A

this is the love hormone, and stimulates the contraction of the uterus as well as being the driving force behind attraction and caregiving

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13
Q

what are the pituitary dependent glands

A

thyroid
adrenal cortex
gonads

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14
Q

what does antidiuretic hormone do

A

regulates water and electrolye balance by increasing water resorption into the the bloodstream by acting on kidney nephrons

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15
Q

what is vasopressin

A

antidiuretic hormone

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16
Q

what does prolactin do

A

initiate and sustain milk production in women after childbirth
regulates immune system, metabolism, pancreatic development and cell growth and differentiation

17
Q

what does growth hormone do

A

stimulate the growth of all tissues in the body like bone and regulate metabolism

18
Q

what is somatotropin

A

growth hormone

19
Q

what type of hormone is growth hormone

A

peptide

20
Q

what does melanocyte stimulating hormone do

A

stimulate the production and release of melanin by melanocytes in the skin and hair

21
Q

what are pituitary adenoma

A

benign tumours of the pituitary gland that lead to excessive production of hormone.

22
Q

what does pituitary adenoma lead to

A

pressure on other nerves which can lead to headaches, hormonal disorders or vision problems

23
Q

how does pituitary adenoma lead to cushings disease

A

releases too much adrenocorticotropin hormone leading to the adrenal glands producing too much cortisol

24
Q

what is a disorder of the pituitary gland related to growth hormone secretion

A

can lead to gigantism in children or acromegaly

25
Q

what is acromegaly

A

abnormal growth of the viscera, as well as excessive growth of the hands feet and jaw

26
Q

what are the cells of the pituitary gland

A

chromaphils (acidophilic and basophilic) and chromophobes

27
Q

what are acidophilic chromaphils

A

somatotrophs which produce growth hormone and lactrotrophs which produce prolactin

28
Q

which cells of the pituitaty gland secrete growth hromone

A

somatotrophs

29
Q

which cells of the pituitary gland secrete prolactin

A

lactotrophs

30
Q

which cells produce follicle stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone

A

gonadotrophs, basophilic cells

31
Q

which cells produce adrenocorticotropin hormone

A

corticotrophs, basophilic cells

32
Q

which cells produce thryoid stimulating hormone in the pituitary gland

A

thyrotropes

33
Q

what are the chromophobes of the pituitary gland

A

progenitor cells

34
Q

which cells of the pituitary gland are the most numerous

A

somatotrophs

35
Q

what are the prolactin secreting cells and how does their number change in pregnancy

A

these are mammotrophs or lactotrophs and they increase in number

36
Q

which cells make up the smallest of the pituitary gland

A

the thyrotrophs and the gonadotrophs

37
Q

are the axons of the pituitary gland myelinated

A

no

Revision (48 decks)

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