the pituitary gland Flashcards
what is the hypophysis
the pituitary gland
what controls all of the secretions of the pituitary gland
the hypothalamus
where is the pituitary gland
the base of the brain
what can the hormones of the pituitary gland do
act directly on non endocrine tissue or modulate other glands
which hormones secreted by the pituitary gland can modulate other organs
- thyroid stimulating hormone
- trophic hormones
- follicle stimulating hormone
- andrenocorticotrophic hormone
- gonadotrophic
- luteinising
what do the trophic hormones do
affect growth, function, and nutrition of other endocrine cells
what do follicle stimulating hormones do
stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of an egg. in men, helps control the production of sperm
what do gonadotrophic hormones do
they stimulate the gonads (sex glands)
what does the adrenocorticotropic hormone do
stimulate the adrenal glands to produce and secrete cortisol
what does luteinising hormone do
ovulation, menstrual cycle, sperm production
what are the hormones secreted by this gland that have an effect on non endocrine tissue
oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone
vasopressin
prolactin
growth hormone
melanocyte stimulating hormone
what does oxytocin do
this is the love hormone, and stimulates the contraction of the uterus as well as being the driving force behind attraction and caregiving
what are the pituitary dependent glands
thyroid
adrenal cortex
gonads
what does antidiuretic hormone do
regulates water and electrolye balance by increasing water resorption into the the bloodstream by acting on kidney nephrons
what is vasopressin
antidiuretic hormone
what does prolactin do
initiate and sustain milk production in women after childbirth
regulates immune system, metabolism, pancreatic development and cell growth and differentiation
what does growth hormone do
stimulate the growth of all tissues in the body like bone and regulate metabolism
what is somatotropin
growth hormone
what type of hormone is growth hormone
peptide
what does melanocyte stimulating hormone do
stimulate the production and release of melanin by melanocytes in the skin and hair
what are pituitary adenoma
benign tumours of the pituitary gland that lead to excessive production of hormone.
what does pituitary adenoma lead to
pressure on other nerves which can lead to headaches, hormonal disorders or vision problems
how does pituitary adenoma lead to cushings disease
releases too much adrenocorticotropin hormone leading to the adrenal glands producing too much cortisol
what is a disorder of the pituitary gland related to growth hormone secretion
can lead to gigantism in children or acromegaly
what is acromegaly
abnormal growth of the viscera, as well as excessive growth of the hands feet and jaw
what are the cells of the pituitary gland
chromaphils (acidophilic and basophilic) and chromophobes
what are acidophilic chromaphils
somatotrophs which produce growth hormone and lactrotrophs which produce prolactin
which cells of the pituitaty gland secrete growth hromone
somatotrophs
which cells of the pituitary gland secrete prolactin
lactotrophs
which cells produce follicle stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone
gonadotrophs, basophilic cells
which cells produce adrenocorticotropin hormone
corticotrophs, basophilic cells
which cells produce thryoid stimulating hormone in the pituitary gland
thyrotropes
what are the chromophobes of the pituitary gland
progenitor cells
which cells of the pituitary gland are the most numerous
somatotrophs
what are the prolactin secreting cells and how does their number change in pregnancy
these are mammotrophs or lactotrophs and they increase in number
which cells make up the smallest of the pituitary gland
the thyrotrophs and the gonadotrophs
are the axons of the pituitary gland myelinated
no
