GUMES cranial nerves Flashcards
if a cranial nerve is developed from the pharyngeal arches, what is its function
branchial motor for voluntary muscles
what are some involuntary muscles controlled by the cranial nerves
sphincter pupillae and lacrimal glands
what are the sensory cranial nerves
olfactory
optic
trigeminal
facial
vestibulocochlear
glossopharyngeal
vagus
what are the motor cranial nerves
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory
hypoglossal
which cranial nerves are both sensory and motor
trigeminal
facial
glossopharyngeal
vagus
what type of cranial nerve is olfactory
special sensory
where does smell sensation come from
olfactory epithelium of the nasal canals, nasal septum, and superior conchae
how can the epithelium of the olfactory nerve be described as
regenerating, as it can heal itself
what is anosmia
no smell
what is the first cranial nerve
the olfactory nerve
what is the second cranial nerve
the optic nerve
what type of nerve is the optic nerve
special sensory
where are the optic nerve cell bodies
in the retina
where does the optic nerve exit
the orbital canal, where it crosses over at the optic chiasm
what is the third cranial nerve
oculomotor
what type of cranial nerve is the oculomotor nerve
somatic motor for the eye and visceral for the pupil
where is the oculomotor nerve in the brain
the midbrain
what are the muscles of the eye under the control of the oculomotor nerve
superior rectus
medial rectus
inferior oblique
levator palpebrae superiorus
what does the superior rectus do
move eye up
what does the medial rectus do
move eye inward toward the nose
what does the inferior oblique muscle do
move eye up and outward
what does the levator palpebrae superiorus do
lift and close the eyelid
how does the oculomotor constrict the pupil
parasympathetic supply to the sphincter papillae and ciliary muscle via the ciliary ganglion
what is the longest cranial nerve
the vagus
what happens when the oculomotor does not work due to increases pressure in the brain
fixed dilated eye turned down and away from the nose
what type of cranial nerve is the trochlear nerve
somatic motor
what does the trochlear nerve control
the superior obique muscle
where are the cell bodies of the trochlear nerve found
in the midbrain
is trochlear a long nerve
no
why is the trochlear nerve rarely paralysed on its own
it is short
what results in isolated palsy of the trochlear nerve
diplopia
what does the superior oblique muscle do
abducts, depresses and rotates the eye
what is diplopia
double vision
which cranial nerves are the most important in dentistry
trigeminal and facial
what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve
opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular
what does the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve do
general sensation from the cornea, skin of the forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, mucosa of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
what is the function of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
general sensation from face over the maxilla, upper lip, maxillary teeth, and the maxillary air sinuses.
what innervates the maxillary teeth
superior alveolar nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve from the trigeminal
what are the functions of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
general sensation and brachial motor
describe the general sensation of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
side of the mandible, mandibular teeth, mucosa of the mouth and anterior two thirds of the tongue
what supplies the mandibular teeth
the interior alveolar nerve which travels along the border of the mandible and passes out of the mental foramen as the mental nerve
describe the brachial motor function of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
muscles of mastication
what are the muscles of mastication
temporalis
masseter
lateral pteryhoid
medial pterygoid
what is the sixth cranial nerve
the abducens
what type of cranial nerve is the abducens
somatic motor
what does the abducens arise from
the pons
what does the abduences control
the lateral rectus muscle
what type of cranial nerve is the facial nerve
brachial motor, visceral motor and special sensory
describe the brachial motor function of the facial nerve
muscles of facial expression, scalp, stapedius
what is the stapedius
the smallest bone in the body which dampens down loud noises
describe the special sensory function of the facial nerve
taste sensation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue and the palate.
describe the visceral motor function of the facial nerve
parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands, as well as contorl of the lactrimal gland and the glands of the nose and palate
what is the eighth cranial nerve
the vestibulocochlear
what type of cranial nerve is the vestibularcochlear nerve
special sensory
what does vestibular sensation of the vestibularcochlear nerve mean
valance
what is the vestibulocochlear nerve responsible for
hearing and balance
what is the clinical application of the vestibulocochlear nerve
internal acoustic neuroma, a benign condition that grows on the nerve
what is the risk of removing the vestibular schwannoma
effects on hearing and balance
what is the ninth cranial nerve
glossopharyngeal
what are the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve
somatic motor
visceral motor
visceral sensory
special sensory
somatic sensory
what is the somatic motor function of the glossopharyngeal nerve
stylopharyngeus, which raises the pharynx
what is the visceral function of the glossopharyngeus
parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland
what is the visceral sensory function of the glosspharyngeal nerve
innervation of the parotid gland, pharynx and middle ear
what is the special sensory function of the glossopharyngeal nerve
posterior third of the tongue
what is the somatic sensory function of the glossopharyngeal nerve
external ear
what is the tenth cranial nerve
the vagus nerve
what is the longest nerve
the vagus
describe the innervation of the vagus nerve
parasympathetic
what are the functions of the vagus nerve
somatic motor
visceral motor
visceral sensory
special sensory
general sensory
describe the somatic motor function of the vagus nerve
muscles of the pharynx
intrinsic muscles of the larynx
palate muscles
upper two thirds of the oesophagus
describe the visceral motor function of the vagus nerve
parasympathetic innervation of the trachea, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract, heart. rest and digest
describe the visceral sensory function of the vagus nerve
sensation of the tongue, larynx, respiratory tract, heart, upper gastrointestinal tract to the left colic flexure
describe the special sensory function of the vagus nerve
the epiglottis and palate
describe the general sensory function of the vagus nerve
auricle, external auditory meatus
what is the 11th cranial nerve
accessory
what is the function of the accessory nerve
somatic motor
which muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve
sternocleidomastoid muscle
trapezius
what does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do
rotate head to opposite side
what does the trapezius muscle do
raises shoulders
function of the hypoglossal nerve
somatic motor
what is the 12th cranial nerve
hypoglossal
what does the hypoglossal nerve control
the motor of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue apart from the palatoglossus
what is responsible for taste sensation of the anterior two thirds of the tongue
chorda tympani
what is responsible for sensation of the anterior two thirds of the tongue
the lingual nerve
what provides sensation and taste to the posterior third of the tongue
the glossopharyngeal nerve
what innervates the palatoglossus
the vagus nerve
what innervates most of the muscles of the tongue
the hypoglossal
