GUMES cranial nerves

Question 1

if a cranial nerve is developed from the pharyngeal arches, what is its function

Answer 1

branchial motor for voluntary muscles

Question 2

what are some involuntary muscles controlled by the cranial nerves

Answer 2

sphincter pupillae and lacrimal glands

Question 3

what are the sensory cranial nerves

Answer 3

olfactory
optic
trigeminal
facial
vestibulocochlear
glossopharyngeal
vagus

Question 4

what are the motor cranial nerves

Answer 4

oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory
hypoglossal

Question 5

which cranial nerves are both sensory and motor

Answer 5

trigeminal
facial
glossopharyngeal
vagus

Question 6

what type of cranial nerve is olfactory

Answer 6

special sensory

Question 7

where does smell sensation come from

Answer 7

olfactory epithelium of the nasal canals, nasal septum, and superior conchae

Question 8

how can the epithelium of the olfactory nerve be described as

Answer 8

regenerating, as it can heal itself

Question 9

what is anosmia

Answer 9

no smell

Question 10

what is the first cranial nerve

Answer 10

the olfactory nerve

Question 11

what is the second cranial nerve

Answer 11

the optic nerve

Question 12

what type of nerve is the optic nerve

Answer 12

special sensory

Question 13

where are the optic nerve cell bodies

Answer 13

in the retina

Question 14

where does the optic nerve exit

Answer 14

the orbital canal, where it crosses over at the optic chiasm

Question 15

what is the third cranial nerve

Answer 15

oculomotor

Question 16

what type of cranial nerve is the oculomotor nerve

Answer 16

somatic motor for the eye and visceral for the pupil

Question 17

where is the oculomotor nerve in the brain

Answer 17

the midbrain

Question 18

what are the muscles of the eye under the control of the oculomotor nerve

Answer 18

superior rectus
medial rectus
inferior oblique
levator palpebrae superiorus

Question 19

what does the superior rectus do

Answer 19

move eye up

Question 20

what does the medial rectus do

Answer 20

move eye inward toward the nose

Question 21

what does the inferior oblique muscle do

Answer 21

move eye up and outward

Question 22

what does the levator palpebrae superiorus do

Answer 22

lift and close the eyelid

Question 23

how does the oculomotor constrict the pupil

Answer 23

parasympathetic supply to the sphincter papillae and ciliary muscle via the ciliary ganglion

Question 24

what is the longest cranial nerve

Answer 24

the vagus

Question 25

what happens when the oculomotor does not work due to increases pressure in the brain

Answer 25

fixed dilated eye turned down and away from the nose

Question 26

what type of cranial nerve is the trochlear nerve

Answer 26

somatic motor

Question 27

what does the trochlear nerve control

Answer 27

the superior obique muscle

Question 28

where are the cell bodies of the trochlear nerve found

Answer 28

in the midbrain

Question 29

is trochlear a long nerve

Answer 29

no

Question 30

why is the trochlear nerve rarely paralysed on its own

Answer 30

it is short

Question 31

what results in isolated palsy of the trochlear nerve

Answer 31

diplopia

Question 32

what does the superior oblique muscle do

Answer 32

abducts, depresses and rotates the eye

Question 33

what is diplopia

Answer 33

double vision

Question 34

which cranial nerves are the most important in dentistry

Answer 34

trigeminal and facial

Question 35

what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 35

opthalmic maxillary mandibular

Question 36

what does the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve do

Answer 36

general sensation from the cornea, skin of the forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, mucosa of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses

Question 37

what is the function of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 37

general sensation from face over the maxilla, upper lip, maxillary teeth, and the maxillary air sinuses.

Question 38

what innervates the maxillary teeth

Answer 38

superior alveolar nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve from the trigeminal

Question 39

what are the functions of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 39

general sensation and brachial motor

Question 40

describe the general sensation of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 40

side of the mandible, mandibular teeth, mucosa of the mouth and anterior two thirds of the tongue

Question 41

what supplies the mandibular teeth

Answer 41

the interior alveolar nerve which travels along the border of the mandible and passes out of the mental foramen as the mental nerve

Question 42

describe the brachial motor function of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 42

muscles of mastication

Question 43

what are the muscles of mastication

Answer 43

temporalis masseter lateral pteryhoid medial pterygoid

Question 44

what is the sixth cranial nerve

Answer 44

the abducens

Question 45

what type of cranial nerve is the abducens

Answer 45

somatic motor

Question 46

what does the abducens arise from

Answer 46

the pons

Question 47

what does the abduences control

Answer 47

the lateral rectus muscle

Question 48

what type of cranial nerve is the facial nerve

Answer 48

brachial motor, visceral motor and special sensory

Question 49

describe the brachial motor function of the facial nerve

Answer 49

muscles of facial expression, scalp, stapedius

Question 50

what is the stapedius

Answer 50

the smallest bone in the body which dampens down loud noises

Question 51

describe the special sensory function of the facial nerve

Answer 51

taste sensation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue and the palate.

Question 52

describe the visceral motor function of the facial nerve

Answer 52

parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands, as well as contorl of the lactrimal gland and the glands of the nose and palate

Question 53

what is the eighth cranial nerve

Answer 53

the vestibulocochlear

Question 54

what type of cranial nerve is the vestibularcochlear nerve

Answer 54

special sensory

Question 55

what does vestibular sensation of the vestibularcochlear nerve mean

Answer 55

valance

Question 56

what is the vestibulocochlear nerve responsible for

Answer 56

hearing and balance

Question 57

what is the clinical application of the vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 57

internal acoustic neuroma, a benign condition that grows on the nerve

Question 58

what is the risk of removing the vestibular schwannoma

Answer 58

effects on hearing and balance

Question 59

what is the ninth cranial nerve

Answer 59

glossopharyngeal

Question 60

what are the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 60

somatic motor visceral motor visceral sensory special sensory somatic sensory

Question 61

what is the somatic motor function of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 61

stylopharyngeus, which raises the pharynx

Question 62

what is the visceral function of the glossopharyngeus

Answer 62

parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland

Question 63

what is the visceral sensory function of the glosspharyngeal nerve

Answer 63

innervation of the parotid gland, pharynx and middle ear

Question 64

what is the special sensory function of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 64

posterior third of the tongue

Question 65

what is the somatic sensory function of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 65

external ear

Question 66

what is the tenth cranial nerve

Answer 66

the vagus nerve

Question 67

what is the longest nerve

Answer 67

the vagus

Question 68

describe the innervation of the vagus nerve

Answer 68

parasympathetic

Question 69

what are the functions of the vagus nerve

Answer 69

somatic motor visceral motor visceral sensory special sensory general sensory

Question 70

describe the somatic motor function of the vagus nerve

Answer 70

muscles of the pharynx intrinsic muscles of the larynx palate muscles upper two thirds of the oesophagus

Question 71

describe the visceral motor function of the vagus nerve

Answer 71

parasympathetic innervation of the trachea, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract, heart. rest and digest

Question 72

describe the visceral sensory function of the vagus nerve

Answer 72

sensation of the tongue, larynx, respiratory tract, heart, upper gastrointestinal tract to the left colic flexure

Question 73

describe the special sensory function of the vagus nerve

Answer 73

the epiglottis and palate

Question 74

describe the general sensory function of the vagus nerve

Answer 74

auricle, external auditory meatus

Question 75

what is the 11th cranial nerve

Answer 75

accessory

Question 76

what is the function of the accessory nerve

Answer 76

somatic motor

Question 77

which muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve

Answer 77

sternocleidomastoid muscle trapezius

Question 78

what does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do

Answer 78

rotate head to opposite side

Question 79

what does the trapezius muscle do

Answer 79

raises shoulders

Question 80

function of the hypoglossal nerve

Answer 80

somatic motor

Question 81

what is the 12th cranial nerve

Answer 81

hypoglossal

Question 82

what does the hypoglossal nerve control

Answer 82

the motor of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue apart from the palatoglossus

Question 83

what is responsible for taste sensation of the anterior two thirds of the tongue

Answer 83

chorda tympani

Question 84

what is responsible for sensation of the anterior two thirds of the tongue

Answer 84

the lingual nerve

Question 85

what provides sensation and taste to the posterior third of the tongue

Answer 85

the glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 86

what innervates the palatoglossus

Answer 86

the vagus nerve

Question 87

what innervates most of the muscles of the tongue

Answer 87

the hypoglossal