Histology Flashcards
which colour do nuclei go when stained with haemotoxylin
purple
when naming stratified epithelium, what is used to determine which cell type to use
whatever cell type is on the outer layer
what does epithelium line
the lumen of tubular organs and body cavities, as well as externally covering the body and organs
what are epithelial cells anchored to
each other and the basement membrane
what joins epithelial cells together
desmosomes
is there an extracellular matrix on epithelial cells
no they are too tightly anchored together
is epithelium vascularised
no
where do capillaries reside if there is no vasculature in the epithelial layer
the underlying loose connective tissue
where is the nucleus of columnar cells located
basally
what does cilia function to do
move
what does microvili function to do
increase surface area for increased absorption
what forms a brush border
columnar epithelial cells with their microvilli
what is the function of simple squamous epithelium
diffusion
filtration
lubrication
where is simple squamous found
alveoli
nephrons
blood vessels
serous glands
lymphatics
what is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium
absorption or secretion
where is simple cuboidal epithelium found
sweat glands, salivary glands, nephrons, renal tubules, and ovaries
what is the function of simple columnar epithelium
absorption or secretion
which epithelial cell type contain narrow nuclei
columnar
in which epithelial cell type are cilia and microvilli found
columnar
where is simple columnar epithelium found
stomach to anus
glands
airways
uterine tube
what is the function of stratified squamous epithelium
protect underlying tissue from abrasion
where is stratified squamous epithelium found
epidermis
oesophagus
vagina
just think about wherever abrasion would occur
what is the function of transitional epithelium
stretch and permit dissension of urinary organs
where is transitional epithelium found
only in the urinary system
what is the function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
mucous secretion due to presence of goblet cells and propulsion of mucous to the pharynx and oral cavity by cilia
where is pseudostratified epithelium found
trachea and bronchi
where is all connective tissue derived from
the embryological mesenchyme
describe the structure of connective tissues
very few cell surrounded by an extracellular matrix with lots of space between the cells
what is the most common cell type found in connective tissue proper
fibroblasts
what are fibroblasts
the primary connective tissue cell that synthesises collagen and elastin
what are adipocytes
fat cells that function in storing lipid content and have a peripherally located nucleus.
what are mast cells
inflammatory cells that secrete histamine
where is loose connective tissue found
deep to all epithelial cell basement membranes
describe dense irregular connective tissue
strong in all directions and found in the submucosa of organs and in the dermis
describe dense regular connective tissue
strong in one direction and found in tendons
where is hyaline cartilage found
ribs
what is the function of chondrocytes
matured chondroblasts, maintain cartilage
where is elastic cartilage found
ear
what cells are found in the blood
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
what do platelets do
clot blood
function of white blood cells
immunity
what is the myocardium
the cardiac muscle cell wall of the heart
what is involved in the connective tissue bundling of muscle fibres
endomysium surrounds muscle fibres. perymysium surrounds fasicles. endomysium encases entire muscles
structure of skeletal muscle cells
long and striated
structure of smooth muscle fibres
non striated
why are smooth muscle fibres described as non striated
due to the irregular arrangement of myosin and actin
what are glial cells
supporting cells
what do oligodendrocytes do
produce myelin surrounding neuronal axons in the central nervous system
describe astrocytes
star shaped glial cells that regulate transmission of electrical impulses
function of ependymal cells
move the cerebrospinal fluid
what are the myelin producing cells
oligodendrocytes
what are microglia
the macrophages of the central nervous system
how can the macrophages of the central nervous system be called
microglial cells
what colour does van gieson stain collagen
red
what is the function of bowmans space in the kidneys
separate the glomerulus from bowman’s capsule. the site where substances are filtered through the glomerulus from the blood into the nephron
what is the septum
the walls of the alveolus in the lungs
what does the septum of alveoli consist of
surface epithelium, supporting basement membrane and capillaries
what are polygonal cells
cells with multiple sides
in what layer of the oesophageal epithelium does cell division occur
basal cell layer
what else can keratin function in besides from protection
water repellent
where is keratin found in the oral cavity
gingiva and dorsum of the tongue
where is keratin absent from in the mouth
floor of the mouth and the mucosal surface of the cheeks and lips
which epithelium is found on the epidermis
stratified squamous epithelium
what are the epithelial cells of the epidermis called
keratinocytes
which layer of skin is rich in collagen fibres
the dermis
what is oral squamous cell carcinoma
dysplastic epithelial cells that proliferate in an uncontrolled manner and destroy and invade adjacent tissues
what are rete pegs
downward projections of the epidermis that project into the dermis
what are the functions of adipocytes
cushioning
insulation
energy storage
bulk
what is the outer fibrous connective tissue that surrounds hyaline cartilage
perichondrium
which form of collagen is similar to elastin
hyaline
what form of cartilage is formed from dense bundles of collagen fibres
fibrocartilage
what confers compression strength to cartilage
chondroitin sulphate
what are osteoids
these are the organic component of bone matrix
what is the mineralised component of the bone matrix
hydroxyapatite
what are lamellae
the layers of bone
what is the periosteum
the outer connective tissue surruonding the bones
which cells are able to divide in bone
osteogenic
what is the functional unit of compact bone
osteon
what is another name for volkmann’s canal
perforating canal
that are the trabecullae lined by
endosteum
how can the balance between bone resorption and bone formation be described as
coupled
what element of bone is affected by rickets
hydroxyapatite
what is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium
protection
excretion
secretion
location of stratified cuboidal epithelium
mammary salivary and sweat glands
function of stratified columnar epithelium
protection and secretion
location of stratified columnar epithelium
lobar ducts of salivary glands
mucosal membrane of the anus
oesophageal glands
