Histology

Question 1

which colour do nuclei go when stained with haemotoxylin

Answer 1

purple

Question 2

when naming stratified epithelium, what is used to determine which cell type to use

Answer 2

whatever cell type is on the outer layer

Question 3

what does epithelium line

Answer 3

the lumen of tubular organs and body cavities, as well as externally covering the body and organs

Question 4

what are epithelial cells anchored to

Answer 4

each other and the basement membrane

Question 5

what joins epithelial cells together

Answer 5

desmosomes

Question 6

is there an extracellular matrix on epithelial cells

Answer 6

no they are too tightly anchored together

Question 7

is epithelium vascularised

Answer 7

no

Question 8

where do capillaries reside if there is no vasculature in the epithelial layer

Answer 8

the underlying loose connective tissue

Question 9

where is the nucleus of columnar cells located

Answer 9

basally

Question 10

what does cilia function to do

Answer 10

move

Question 11

what does microvili function to do

Answer 11

increase surface area for increased absorption

Question 12

what forms a brush border

Answer 12

columnar epithelial cells with their microvilli

Question 13

what is the function of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 13

diffusion
filtration
lubrication

Question 14

where is simple squamous found

Answer 14

alveoli
nephrons
blood vessels
serous glands
lymphatics

Question 15

what is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 15

absorption or secretion

Question 16

where is simple cuboidal epithelium found

Answer 16

sweat glands, salivary glands, nephrons, renal tubules, and ovaries

Question 17

what is the function of simple columnar epithelium

Answer 17

absorption or secretion

Question 18

which epithelial cell type contain narrow nuclei

Answer 18

columnar

Question 19

in which epithelial cell type are cilia and microvilli found

Answer 19

columnar

Question 20

where is simple columnar epithelium found

Answer 20

stomach to anus
glands
airways
uterine tube

Question 21

what is the function of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 21

protect underlying tissue from abrasion

Question 22

where is stratified squamous epithelium found

Answer 22

epidermis
oesophagus
vagina
just think about wherever abrasion would occur

Question 23

what is the function of transitional epithelium

Answer 23

stretch and permit dissension of urinary organs

Question 24

where is transitional epithelium found

Answer 24

only in the urinary system

Question 25

what is the function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Answer 25

mucous secretion due to presence of goblet cells and propulsion of mucous to the pharynx and oral cavity by cilia

Question 26

where is pseudostratified epithelium found

Answer 26

trachea and bronchi

Question 27

where is all connective tissue derived from

Answer 27

the embryological mesenchyme

Question 28

describe the structure of connective tissues

Answer 28

very few cell surrounded by an extracellular matrix with lots of space between the cells

Question 29

what is the most common cell type found in connective tissue proper

Answer 29

fibroblasts

Question 30

what are fibroblasts

Answer 30

the primary connective tissue cell that synthesises collagen and elastin

Question 31

what are adipocytes

Answer 31

fat cells that function in storing lipid content and have a peripherally located nucleus.

Question 32

what are mast cells

Answer 32

inflammatory cells that secrete histamine

Question 33

where is loose connective tissue found

Answer 33

deep to all epithelial cell basement membranes

Question 34

describe dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 34

strong in all directions and found in the submucosa of organs and in the dermis

Question 35

describe dense regular connective tissue

Answer 35

strong in one direction and found in tendons

Question 36

where is hyaline cartilage found

Answer 36

ribs

Question 36

what is the function of chondrocytes

Answer 36

matured chondroblasts, maintain cartilage

Question 36

where is elastic cartilage found

Answer 36

ear

Question 37

what cells are found in the blood

Answer 37

red blood cells white blood cells platelets

Question 38

what do platelets do

Answer 38

clot blood

Question 39

function of white blood cells

Answer 39

immunity

Question 40

what is the myocardium

Answer 40

the cardiac muscle cell wall of the heart

Question 41

what is involved in the connective tissue bundling of muscle fibres

Answer 41

endomysium surrounds muscle fibres. perymysium surrounds fasicles. endomysium encases entire muscles

Question 41

structure of skeletal muscle cells

Answer 41

long and striated

Question 41

structure of smooth muscle fibres

Answer 41

non striated

Question 42

why are smooth muscle fibres described as non striated

Answer 42

due to the irregular arrangement of myosin and actin

Question 42

what are glial cells

Answer 42

supporting cells

Question 43

what do oligodendrocytes do

Answer 43

produce myelin surrounding neuronal axons in the central nervous system

Question 43

describe astrocytes

Answer 43

star shaped glial cells that regulate transmission of electrical impulses

Question 44

function of ependymal cells

Answer 44

move the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 44

what are the myelin producing cells

Answer 44

oligodendrocytes

Question 45

what are microglia

Answer 45

the macrophages of the central nervous system

Question 45

how can the macrophages of the central nervous system be called

Answer 45

microglial cells

Question 45

what colour does van gieson stain collagen

Answer 45

red

Question 45

what is the function of bowmans space in the kidneys

Answer 45

separate the glomerulus from bowman's capsule. the site where substances are filtered through the glomerulus from the blood into the nephron

Question 46

what is the septum

Answer 46

the walls of the alveolus in the lungs

Question 47

what does the septum of alveoli consist of

Answer 47

surface epithelium, supporting basement membrane and capillaries

Question 47

what are polygonal cells

Answer 47

cells with multiple sides

Question 47

in what layer of the oesophageal epithelium does cell division occur

Answer 47

basal cell layer

Question 48

what else can keratin function in besides from protection

Answer 48

water repellent

Question 49

where is keratin found in the oral cavity

Answer 49

gingiva and dorsum of the tongue

Question 50

where is keratin absent from in the mouth

Answer 50

floor of the mouth and the mucosal surface of the cheeks and lips

Question 51

which epithelium is found on the epidermis

Answer 51

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 52

what are the epithelial cells of the epidermis called

Answer 52

keratinocytes

Question 53

which layer of skin is rich in collagen fibres

Answer 53

the dermis

Question 54

what is oral squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 54

dysplastic epithelial cells that proliferate in an uncontrolled manner and destroy and invade adjacent tissues

Question 55

what are rete pegs

Answer 55

downward projections of the epidermis that project into the dermis

Question 56

what are the functions of adipocytes

Answer 56

cushioning insulation energy storage bulk

Question 57

what is the outer fibrous connective tissue that surrounds hyaline cartilage

Answer 57

perichondrium

Question 58

which form of collagen is similar to elastin

Answer 58

hyaline

Question 59

what form of cartilage is formed from dense bundles of collagen fibres

Answer 59

fibrocartilage

Question 60

what confers compression strength to cartilage

Answer 60

chondroitin sulphate

Question 61

what are osteoids

Answer 61

these are the organic component of bone matrix

Question 62

what is the mineralised component of the bone matrix

Answer 62

hydroxyapatite

Question 63

what are lamellae

Answer 63

the layers of bone

Question 64

what is the periosteum

Answer 64

the outer connective tissue surruonding the bones

Question 65

which cells are able to divide in bone

Answer 65

osteogenic

Question 66

what is the functional unit of compact bone

Answer 66

osteon

Question 67

what is another name for volkmann's canal

Answer 67

perforating canal

Question 68

that are the trabecullae lined by

Answer 68

endosteum

Question 69

how can the balance between bone resorption and bone formation be described as

Answer 69

coupled

Question 70

what element of bone is affected by rickets

Answer 70

hydroxyapatite

Question 71

what is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 71

protection excretion secretion

Question 72

location of stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 72

mammary salivary and sweat glands

Question 73

function of stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 73

protection and secretion

Question 74

location of stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 74

lobar ducts of salivary glands mucosal membrane of the anus oesophageal glands