muscles of the head and neck Flashcards by Esme Horsburgh

origin and insertion of the temporalis muscle

origin - fossa temporalis
insertion - coronoid process and ramus of the mandible

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function of temporalis

elevate the mandible

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origin and insertion of masseter

origin - zygomatic bone and arch
insertion - ramus and angle of the mandible

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function of masseter

elevate the mandible

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origin and insertion of upper fibres of buccinator

maxilla opposite molar teeth to the upper lip

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origina and insertion of the middle fibres of the buccinator muscle

origin - pterigomandibular raphe
insertion - decussate before passing to the lips

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origin and insertion of the lower fibres of the buccinator

origin - mandible opposite molar teeth
insertion - lower lip

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action of buccinator

prevent accumulation of food in the vestibule of the mouth

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origin of superficial part of the medial pterygoid

tuberosity of the maxilla, pyramidal process of the palatine bone

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insertion of the medial pterygoid

medial surface of ramus and angle of the mandible

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origin of the deep part of the medial pterygoid

medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

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action of the bilateral contraction of the medial pterygoid

elevate and protrude the mandible

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action of the unilateral contraction of the medial pterygoid

medial movement, rotation of the mandible

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innervation of the medial pterygoid

mandibular division of the trigeminal

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origin of the superior head of the lateral pterygoid

infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

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origin of the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid

lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

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insertion of the superior head of the lateral pterygoid

joint capsule of the temperomandibular joint

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insertion of the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid

pterygoid fovea on the neck of the condyloid process of the mandible

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action of bilateral contraction of the lateral pterygoid

protrude and depress the mandible
stabilise the condylar head during closure

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action of unilateral contraction of the lateral pterygoid

medial movement of the mandible

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origin of the superficial masseter

maxillary process of zygomatic bone, inferior border of the zygomatic arch

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origin of the deep masseter

deep surface of the zygomatic arch

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insertion of the masseter

lateral surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible

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function of masseter

elevate and protrude the mandible

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insertion of the temporalis

apex and medial surface of the coronoid process of the mandible

action of the anterior temporalis fibres

elevate the mandible

action of the posterior temporalis

retract the mandible

origin of the zygomaticus major

lateral aspect of the zygomatic bone

insertion of the zygomaticus major

modiolus, blends with the muscles of the upper lip

function of the zygomaticus major

elevate and evert the angle of the mouth

innervation of zygomaticus major

buccal and zygomatic branch of the facial nerve

origin of the zygomaticus minor

lateral aspect of the zygomatic bone

insertion of the zygomaticus minor

blends with the muscle of the upper lip, medial to the zygomaticus major

action of the zygomaticus minor muscle

elevate the upper lip expose the maxillary teeth

innervation of the zygomaticus minor

zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve

origin of the orbicularis oris

medial aspect of the maxilla and mandible, perioral skin and muscles, modiolus

insertion of the orbicularis oris

skin and mucous membrane of the lip

action of the orbicularis oris

close the mouth, compress and protrude the lips

innervation of the orbicularis oris

buccal branch of the facial nerve

origin of the levator labii superioris

zygomatic process of the maxilla and maxillary process of the zygomatic bone

insertion of levator labii superioris

skin and submucosa of the upper lip

action of the levator labii superioris

elevate and evert the upper lip, exposing upper teeth and deepening the nasiolabial lines

origin of the depressor labii inferioris

originates from oblique line of mandible

insertion of the depressor labii inferioris

skin and submucosa of the upper lip

action of the depressor labii inferioris

main tractor of the lower lip, pulls it down

origin of levator labii superioris alaque nasi

upper part of the frontal process of the maxilla

insertion of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

perichondrium and skin over the major alar cartilage of the nose

action of the levator labii superioris alaque nasi

elevate and evert the upper lip elevate and deepen the curvature of the nasolabial furrow

origin of the mentalis muscle

incisive fossa of the mandible

insertion of the mentalis muscle

descend inferiorly to insert on the skin of the chin at the mentolabial sulcus of the mandible

action of the mentalis muscle

depress and evert the base of the lower lip wrinkles on the skin of the chin

origin of the risorius

arises from several origin points that may include the fascia of the parotid gland, fascia of the masseter and platysma muscles, and the zygomatic arch

insertion of the risorius muscle

course toward the angles of the mouth, where they blend with other facial muscles to create the modiolus

action of risorius

pull the angles of the mouth laterally and superiorly to produce a smile

origin of the levator anguli oris muscle

canine fossa of the maxilla

insertion of levator anguli oris

attaches to modiolus and blends with several other facial muscles

action of the levator anguli oris

elevate the angles of the lips, contributing to a smile

all muscles involved in smiling

- levator anguli oris - risorius - zygomaticus major - zygomaticus minor

origin of depressor anguli oris

oblique line and mental tubercle of the mandible

attachment of the depressor anguli oris

modiolus

action of the depressor anguli oris

depress the angle of the mouth, contributing to feelings of sadness and anger

what are the two parts of the nasalis muscle

alar and transverse

origin of alar nasalis

frontal part of the maxilla to the incisive fossa, medially to the transverse nasalis

insertion of the alar nasalis

skin of the ala

origin of the transverse nasalis

superolateral to the incisive fossa, laterally to the alar nasalis

insertion of the transverse nasalis

dorsum of the nose

action of nasalis

transverse compresses nasal aperture alar dilates the nostriles

procerus origin

nasal bone and superior part of the lateral cartilage

insertion of procerus

extends in a fan like manner to insert on the skin over the glabella and medial ends of the eyebrows

action of procerus

depress medial ends of the eyebrows and wrinkle skin over glabelle frowning

what are the parts of the orbicularis oculi

orbital palpebral deep palpebral

origin of orbital orbicularis oculi

nasal part of the frontal bone, frontal process of the maxilla and the medial palepbral ligament

insertion of the orbital orbicularis oculi

adjacent soft tissue structure

origin of palpebral orbicularis oculi

medial palpebral ligament

insertion of palpebral orbicularis oculi

lateral palpebral ligament

which part of the orbicularis oculi is more peripheral

orbital

which part of the orbicularis oculi is more central

the palpebral part

action of orbital orbicularis oculi

pulls the skin of the forehead and cheek toward the nose tightly closes the eyes

action of palpebral orbicularis oculi

close eyes gently during blinking or sleeping

corrugator supercilii

medial end of the eyebrows arises from the medial superciliary arch inserts at the middle eyebrow helps with frowning

occipitofrontalis

wide muscle overlying superior scalp, extends from the eyebrows to the occipital bones consits of epicranial aponeurosis has a frontal and occipital part

function of the frontal occipitofrontalis

pull scalp forward and wrinkle the forehead for frowning

function of occipital occipitofrontalis

retract the scalp

describe the platysma

sheet like muscle arising from the skin and fascia of the superior thoracic and shoulder regions can assist in lowering the corners of the mouth and in depressing the mandible for opening the mouth

what are the auricular muscles

thin, fan shaped muscles anterior, posterior and superior parts very small movement of the ear in some people

label the facial muscles

function of the scalenes

flex the neck and assist in inhalation

function of levator scapulae

elevate the scapula

function of splenius capitis

extend the neck

function of smi spinalis capitis

extend the neck

what are the suprahyoid muscles

digastric mylohyoid geniohyoid stylohyoid