Miscellaneous

Question 1

what is pemphigus

Answer 1

fluid containing blisters

Question 2

what is acne

Answer 2

overproduction of sebacious glands

Question 3

what is vitligo

Answer 3

loss of skin pigment

Question 4

what is psoriasis

Answer 4

high epithelial cell turnover rate

Question 5

what is type on diabetes mellitus

Answer 5

little to no insulin produced

Question 6

what is type two diabetes mellitus

Answer 6

insulin insensitivity

Question 7

what are the four cardiac arrest rhythms

Answer 7

ventricular fibrillation
ventricular tachycardia
asystole
pulseless electrical activity

Question 8

what do z lines do

Answer 8

they divide myofibrils into sarcomeres

Question 9

what is renin secreted by

Answer 9

kidneys

Question 10

what is the function of renin

Answer 10

regulation of blood pressure and blood volume

Question 11

what is secretin produced by

Answer 11

the duodenum

Question 12

what is the function of secretin

Answer 12

reduce hydrochloric acid secretions from parietal cells of the stomach and stimulate the secretion of pancreatic juice to neutralise the acidity of chyme

Question 13

what is cck secreted by

Answer 13

duodenal cells

Question 14

what is the function of cck

Answer 14

aid digestion of fat and protein by stimulating the secretion of pancreatic juice

Question 15

when is cck secreted

Answer 15

when chyme with high fat content enters the duodenum

Question 16

what secretes gastrin

Answer 16

g (gastrin) cells of the stomach

Question 17

what does gastrin do

Answer 17

stimulate parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid

Question 18

what is grehlin secreted by

Answer 18

the stomach

Question 19

what is the function of grehlin

Answer 19

aid in gastrointesitnal motility and secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach. stimulation of apetite

Question 20

how does the larynx communicate with the oesophagus

Answer 20

via the laryngeal inlet where the pirifiform fossae is located

Question 21

where does the middle pharyngeal constrictor run to

Answer 21

the hyoid bone from the mylohyoid

Question 22

where does the inferior pharyngeal constrictor run to

Answer 22

into the largest laryngeal cartilage, the thyroid cartilage

Question 23

what are constrictors

Answer 23

muscles that narrow a vessel or passage for peristalsis

Question 24

what are sphincters

Answer 24

rings of muscle that open and close

Question 25

where is the upper pharyngeal constrictor located

Answer 25

the oropharynx

Question 26

where are the upper and lower sphincters found

Answer 26

in the oesophagus

Question 27

where are gap junctions found

Answer 27

cardiomyocytes

Question 28

which vitamins are fat soluble and can be broken down by bile

Answer 28

a d e and k

Question 29

what is an occluding junction

Answer 29

a tight junction

Question 30

what is hemidesmosome

Answer 30

these join epithelial cells to the basement membrane

Question 31

what do tight junctions do

Answer 31

these prevent passage of water between adjacent cells

Question 32

what do desmosomes do

Answer 32

these allow adjacent cells to maintain contant even when the epithelium is stretched

Question 33

what do gap junctions do

Answer 33

these allow channels between adjacent cells for direct cell to cell transfer of ions and small molecules

Question 34

what are the two types of chromatin found in the nucleus

Answer 34

heterochromatin and euchromatin

Question 35

what is heterochromatin

Answer 35

tightly packed dna

Question 36

what is euchromatin

Answer 36

lightly packed dna

Question 37

what are conservative mutations

Answer 37

these are when the mutation results in a change of dna giving a biochemically similar amino acid to the one that is has replaced

Question 38

what are non conservative mutations

Answer 38

change in dna that results in a new amino acid that is not biochemically similar to the previous amino acid it replaced

Question 39

what does curare do

Answer 39

paralyse motor nerves

Question 40

what are nitrogenous bases

Answer 40

bases that contain nitrogen that are a component of nucleotides

Question 41

what is hyperpolarisation

Answer 41

more negative

Question 42

what is hypopolarisation

Answer 42

less negative

Question 43

what are the connective tissue layers of nerves

Answer 43

endoneurium, perineurium and epineurium

Question 44

what surrounds each axon

Answer 44

endoneurium

Question 45

what surrounds each group of axons (fascicles)

Answer 45

perineurium

Question 46

what surrounds each nerve

Answer 46

epineurium