Miscellaneous Flashcards
what is pemphigus
fluid containing blisters
what is acne
overproduction of sebacious glands
what is vitligo
loss of skin pigment
what is psoriasis
high epithelial cell turnover rate
what is type on diabetes mellitus
little to no insulin produced
what is type two diabetes mellitus
insulin insensitivity
what are the four cardiac arrest rhythms
ventricular fibrillation
ventricular tachycardia
asystole
pulseless electrical activity
what do z lines do
they divide myofibrils into sarcomeres
what is renin secreted by
kidneys
what is the function of renin
regulation of blood pressure and blood volume
what is secretin produced by
the duodenum
what is the function of secretin
reduce hydrochloric acid secretions from parietal cells of the stomach and stimulate the secretion of pancreatic juice to neutralise the acidity of chyme
what is cck secreted by
duodenal cells
what is the function of cck
aid digestion of fat and protein by stimulating the secretion of pancreatic juice
when is cck secreted
when chyme with high fat content enters the duodenum
what secretes gastrin
g (gastrin) cells of the stomach
what does gastrin do
stimulate parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid
what is grehlin secreted by
the stomach
what is the function of grehlin
aid in gastrointesitnal motility and secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach. stimulation of apetite
how does the larynx communicate with the oesophagus
via the laryngeal inlet where the pirifiform fossae is located
where does the middle pharyngeal constrictor run to
the hyoid bone from the mylohyoid
where does the inferior pharyngeal constrictor run to
into the largest laryngeal cartilage, the thyroid cartilage
what are constrictors
muscles that narrow a vessel or passage for peristalsis
what are sphincters
rings of muscle that open and close
where is the upper pharyngeal constrictor located
the oropharynx
where are the upper and lower sphincters found
in the oesophagus
where are gap junctions found
cardiomyocytes
which vitamins are fat soluble and can be broken down by bile
a d e and k
what is an occluding junction
a tight junction
what is hemidesmosome
these join epithelial cells to the basement membrane
what do tight junctions do
these prevent passage of water between adjacent cells
what do desmosomes do
these allow adjacent cells to maintain contant even when the epithelium is stretched
what do gap junctions do
these allow channels between adjacent cells for direct cell to cell transfer of ions and small molecules
what are the two types of chromatin found in the nucleus
heterochromatin and euchromatin
what is heterochromatin
tightly packed dna
what is euchromatin
lightly packed dna
what are conservative mutations
these are when the mutation results in a change of dna giving a biochemically similar amino acid to the one that is has replaced
what are non conservative mutations
change in dna that results in a new amino acid that is not biochemically similar to the previous amino acid it replaced
what does curare do
paralyse motor nerves
what are nitrogenous bases
bases that contain nitrogen that are a component of nucleotides
what is hyperpolarisation
more negative
what is hypopolarisation
less negative
what are the connective tissue layers of nerves
endoneurium, perineurium and epineurium
what surrounds each axon
endoneurium
what surrounds each group of axons (fascicles)
perineurium
what surrounds each nerve
epineurium
