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Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

what is pemphigus

A

fluid containing blisters

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2
Q

what is acne

A

overproduction of sebacious glands

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3
Q

what is vitligo

A

loss of skin pigment

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4
Q

what is psoriasis

A

high epithelial cell turnover rate

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5
Q

what is type on diabetes mellitus

A

little to no insulin produced

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6
Q

what is type two diabetes mellitus

A

insulin insensitivity

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7
Q

what are the four cardiac arrest rhythms

A

ventricular fibrillation
ventricular tachycardia
asystole
pulseless electrical activity

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8
Q

what do z lines do

A

they divide myofibrils into sarcomeres

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9
Q

what is renin secreted by

A

kidneys

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10
Q

what is the function of renin

A

regulation of blood pressure and blood volume

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11
Q

what is secretin produced by

A

the duodenum

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12
Q

what is the function of secretin

A

reduce hydrochloric acid secretions from parietal cells of the stomach and stimulate the secretion of pancreatic juice to neutralise the acidity of chyme

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13
Q

what is cck secreted by

A

duodenal cells

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14
Q

what is the function of cck

A

aid digestion of fat and protein by stimulating the secretion of pancreatic juice

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15
Q

when is cck secreted

A

when chyme with high fat content enters the duodenum

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16
Q

what secretes gastrin

A

g (gastrin) cells of the stomach

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17
Q

what does gastrin do

A

stimulate parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid

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18
Q

what is grehlin secreted by

A

the stomach

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19
Q

what is the function of grehlin

A

aid in gastrointesitnal motility and secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach. stimulation of apetite

20
Q

how does the larynx communicate with the oesophagus

A

via the laryngeal inlet where the pirifiform fossae is located

21
Q

where does the middle pharyngeal constrictor run to

A

the hyoid bone from the mylohyoid

22
Q

where does the inferior pharyngeal constrictor run to

A

into the largest laryngeal cartilage, the thyroid cartilage

23
Q

what are constrictors

A

muscles that narrow a vessel or passage for peristalsis

24
Q

what are sphincters

A

rings of muscle that open and close

25
Q

where is the upper pharyngeal constrictor located

A

the oropharynx

26
Q

where are the upper and lower sphincters found

A

in the oesophagus

27
Q

where are gap junctions found

A

cardiomyocytes

28
Q

which vitamins are fat soluble and can be broken down by bile

A

a d e and k

29
Q

what is an occluding junction

A

a tight junction

30
Q

what is hemidesmosome

A

these join epithelial cells to the basement membrane

31
Q

what do tight junctions do

A

these prevent passage of water between adjacent cells

32
Q

what do desmosomes do

A

these allow adjacent cells to maintain contant even when the epithelium is stretched

33
Q

what do gap junctions do

A

these allow channels between adjacent cells for direct cell to cell transfer of ions and small molecules

34
Q

what are the two types of chromatin found in the nucleus

A

heterochromatin and euchromatin

35
Q

what is heterochromatin

A

tightly packed dna

36
Q

what is euchromatin

A

lightly packed dna

37
Q

what are conservative mutations

A

these are when the mutation results in a change of dna giving a biochemically similar amino acid to the one that is has replaced

38
Q

what are non conservative mutations

A

change in dna that results in a new amino acid that is not biochemically similar to the previous amino acid it replaced

39
Q

what does curare do

A

paralyse motor nerves

40
Q

what are nitrogenous bases

A

bases that contain nitrogen that are a component of nucleotides

41
Q

what is hyperpolarisation

A

more negative

42
Q

what is hypopolarisation

A

less negative

43
Q

what are the connective tissue layers of nerves

A

endoneurium, perineurium and epineurium

44
Q

what surrounds each axon

A

endoneurium

45
Q

what surrounds each group of axons (fascicles)

A

perineurium

46
Q

what surrounds each nerve

A

epineurium

47
Q
A

Revision (48 decks)

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