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Histologia Junqueira's > The Nucleus > Flashcards

The Nucleus Flashcards

1
Q

Macroagregado de histonas y las 46 moléculas forman

A

Cromosomas

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2
Q

Sustancia que compone al núcleo

A

Cromatina

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3
Q

La cromatina mas teñida , la más condensada se llama

A

Heterocromtina

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4
Q

La cromatina menos condensada y menor afinidad por colorantes se llama

A

Eucromatina

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5
Q

Núcleos pequeños muy bien coloreados se dice que son

A

Núcleos picnoticos

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6
Q

Producción de células somáticas se llama

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

Muerte celular programada

A

Apoptosis

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8
Q

Momento central del ciclo celular , donde se sintetiza ADN

A

Fase s

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9
Q

Las 46 moléculas de ADN están asociadas a proteínas ácidas llamadas

A

Histonas

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10
Q

Mass of DNA and associated proteins

A

Chromatin

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11
Q

A selectively permeable barrier between the nuclear and cytoplasmatic compartments

A

Nuclear envelope

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12
Q

Narrow that separates nuclear envelope call perinuclear space is from

A

30 nm - 50 nm

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13
Q

Highly organized meshwork of proteins called the

A

Nuclear lamina

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14
Q

Inner and outer nuclear membranes are bridged at

A

Nuclear pore complex

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15
Q

Core proteins of a nuclear pore complex called … That are displayed eightfold symmetry around the lumen

A

Nucleoporins

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16
Q

Numbers of channels of a growing cell for pass macromolecules in the nuclear envelope

A

3000-4000 passing 1000 macromolecules per second

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17
Q

Macromolecules shipped out of the nucleus incluyed

A

Ribosomal subunits and other ARN associated with proteins

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18
Q

Inbound traffic consist of

A

chromatin molecules, ribosomal proteins, transcriptional factors and enzymes

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19
Q

Energy for the transport is derived from

A

GTP

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20
Q

Sex chromatin that is one of the two X chromosomes present in females

A

Barr body

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21
Q

DNA in chromatin is extensively packaged by associating basic proteins called

A

Histones

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22
Q

The structural unit of DNA and his histones is the

A

Nucleosome

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23
Q

Has two copies of eight small histones that are

A

H2A, H2B,H3,H4

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24
Q

The larger histone associated with ADN and surface of the core

A

H1

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25
Q

Each long DNA double helix with its associated proteins is a

A

Chromatid

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26
Q

After DNA replication two chromatids held together by complexes of cohesin proteins Make up each

A

Chromosome

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27
Q

The member of each chromosomal pair are called

A

Homologous

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28
Q

Forms of the a gene

A

Alleles

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29
Q

Somatic cells are considered, be cause they contain pair of chromosomes

A

Diploid

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30
Q

Genetics refer to diploid cells as

A

2n

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31
Q

Number of chromosomes in human

A

23

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32
Q

Half of numbers of chromosomes separated in meiosis

A

Haploid like sperm cells or germ cells

33
Q

Microscopic analyzed chromosomes arrested in mitotic metaphase by … That disrupted microtubules

A

Colchicine

34
Q

Principal funtion is Make proteins, have An intense basophilia because his concentration rRNA that is transcribed, processed and complexed into ribosomal subunits

A

Nucleous

35
Q

Damage to DNA of proto-oncogenes and failure of the cells to be eliminated

A

Neoplastic proliferation

36
Q

Neoplastic proliferation with slow growth and no invasiveness to neighboring organs

A

Benign

37
Q

Cáncer is the common term, with rapid growth and invade other organs

A

Malignant

38
Q

Bound to the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope is the

A

Nuclear lamina

39
Q

Contain more than 30 core proteins (nucleoporins)

A

Nuclear pore complexes

40
Q

The regular sequence of events that result in new cells is termes the

A

Cell cycle

41
Q

Phases of the cell cycle

A

Mitosis,G1,S,G2

42
Q

The time gap between mitosis and ADN replication

A

G1

43
Q

Period of DNA synthesis and centrosome duplication

A

S

44
Q

Gap between DNA replication and next mitosis , and proteins accumulate

A

G2

45
Q

The longest and most variable phase of cell cycle , and is a period of active RNA and protein synthesis, the cell volume reduce by half during mitosis

A

G1

46
Q

Temporarily or permanently suspended

A

G0

47
Q

Cylcing is activated in posmitotic G0 cells by proteins signal from the extracellular enviroment call

A

Mitogens or growth factors

48
Q

Cycle y is regulated by a family of proteins called

A

Cyclins

49
Q

Cyclins activate

A

Cycle dependent kinases

50
Q

Medida de la doble hélice del ADN

A

2nm

51
Q

Messure of ADN with histones filaments of nucleosomes connected by ADN

A

11nm

52
Q

Messure of nucleosomes packed in chromatin fiber

A

30 nm

53
Q

Mesure For transcription form loops tethered to protein scaffold

A

300 nm

54
Q

Is a type of cáncer occurring in the eyes cause by Rb a gene coding for a key protein active at the G1 restriction point that blocks cell cycle

A

Retinoblastoma

55
Q

Entire chromosome at metaphase messure

A

1400 nm

56
Q

Condensed heterocromatin and dispersed euchromatin messure

A

700nm

57
Q

Genes coding for proteins important in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation called

A

Proto- oncogenes

58
Q

Changes in a protooncogenes structure

A

Oncogenes

59
Q

At the centromere region of each chromosome a large protein complex serves as a site for attachment to microtubules

A

Kinetochore

60
Q

Time spend in G1

A

25 hours

61
Q

Time spend in S phase

A

8 hours

62
Q

Time spend on G2 phase

A

2.5-3 hours

63
Q

The time of the whole cell cycle

A

24 to 36 hours

64
Q

Time spend in prophase

A

+- 1 hour

65
Q

Metaphase normally last

A
66
Q

Anaphase last only

A
67
Q

Telophase last only

A

Minutes

68
Q

The three important checkpoints control are

A

Start G1/S , metaphase/ anaphase, G2/M

69
Q

His Cycling serves to renew the differentiated cells of tissue as needed

A

Stem cells

70
Q

Early in the process the homologous chromosomes of each pair come together in An activity termed

A

Synapsis

71
Q

During synapsis double stranded breaks and re pair DNA some of which result in reciprocal DNA exchanges called….. Between the aligned maternal and paternal chromosomes

A

Crossovers

72
Q

In humans spermatogenesis prophase I normally last….

A

3 weeks

73
Q

Oocytes arrest in the meiotic phase from their formation in the fetal ovary through the womans reproductive maturity that is about

A

12 years to nearly five decades

74
Q

Mitosis is a cell división that produces

A

Two diploid cells

75
Q

Meiosis produce

A

Four haploid cells

76
Q

Apoptosis is controlled by a cytoplasmic proteins in the

A

Bcl 2 family

77
Q

Loss of mitocondrial function and are activated some enzymes called

A

Caspases

78
Q

Los indicios microscopicos de la apoptosis se llaman

A

Cuerpos apoptoticos

79
Q

El concepto de muerte celular opuesto a la apoptosis se llama

A

Necrosis

Histologia Junqueira's (24 decks)

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