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Histologia Junqueira's > The Nucleus > Flashcards

The Nucleus Flashcards

1
Q

Macroagregado de histonas y las 46 moléculas forman

A

Cromosomas

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2
Q

Sustancia que compone al núcleo

A

Cromatina

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3
Q

La cromatina mas teñida , la más condensada se llama

A

Heterocromtina

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4
Q

La cromatina menos condensada y menor afinidad por colorantes se llama

A

Eucromatina

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5
Q

Núcleos pequeños muy bien coloreados se dice que son

A

Núcleos picnoticos

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6
Q

Producción de células somáticas se llama

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

Muerte celular programada

A

Apoptosis

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8
Q

Momento central del ciclo celular , donde se sintetiza ADN

A

Fase s

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9
Q

Las 46 moléculas de ADN están asociadas a proteínas ácidas llamadas

A

Histonas

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10
Q

Mass of DNA and associated proteins

A

Chromatin

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11
Q

A selectively permeable barrier between the nuclear and cytoplasmatic compartments

A

Nuclear envelope

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12
Q

Narrow that separates nuclear envelope call perinuclear space is from

A

30 nm - 50 nm

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13
Q

Highly organized meshwork of proteins called the

A

Nuclear lamina

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14
Q

Inner and outer nuclear membranes are bridged at

A

Nuclear pore complex

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15
Q

Core proteins of a nuclear pore complex called … That are displayed eightfold symmetry around the lumen

A

Nucleoporins

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16
Q

Numbers of channels of a growing cell for pass macromolecules in the nuclear envelope

A

3000-4000 passing 1000 macromolecules per second

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17
Q

Macromolecules shipped out of the nucleus incluyed

A

Ribosomal subunits and other ARN associated with proteins

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18
Q

Inbound traffic consist of

A

chromatin molecules, ribosomal proteins, transcriptional factors and enzymes

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19
Q

Energy for the transport is derived from

A

GTP

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20
Q

Sex chromatin that is one of the two X chromosomes present in females

A

Barr body

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21
Q

DNA in chromatin is extensively packaged by associating basic proteins called

A

Histones

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22
Q

The structural unit of DNA and his histones is the

A

Nucleosome

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23
Q

Has two copies of eight small histones that are

A

H2A, H2B,H3,H4

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24
Q

The larger histone associated with ADN and surface of the core

A

H1

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25
Each long DNA double helix with its associated proteins is a
Chromatid
26
After DNA replication two chromatids held together by complexes of cohesin proteins Make up each
Chromosome
27
The member of each chromosomal pair are called
Homologous
28
Forms of the a gene
Alleles
29
Somatic cells are considered, be cause they contain pair of chromosomes
Diploid
30
Genetics refer to diploid cells as
2n
31
Number of chromosomes in human
23
32
Half of numbers of chromosomes separated in meiosis
Haploid like sperm cells or germ cells
33
Microscopic analyzed chromosomes arrested in mitotic metaphase by ... That disrupted microtubules
Colchicine
34
Principal funtion is Make proteins, have An intense basophilia because his concentration rRNA that is transcribed, processed and complexed into ribosomal subunits
Nucleous
35
Damage to DNA of proto-oncogenes and failure of the cells to be eliminated
Neoplastic proliferation
36
Neoplastic proliferation with slow growth and no invasiveness to neighboring organs
Benign
37
Cáncer is the common term, with rapid growth and invade other organs
Malignant
38
Bound to the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope is the
Nuclear lamina
39
Contain more than 30 core proteins (nucleoporins)
Nuclear pore complexes
40
The regular sequence of events that result in new cells is termes the
Cell cycle
41
Phases of the cell cycle
Mitosis,G1,S,G2
42
The time gap between mitosis and ADN replication
G1
43
Period of DNA synthesis and centrosome duplication
S
44
Gap between DNA replication and next mitosis , and proteins accumulate
G2
45
The longest and most variable phase of cell cycle , and is a period of active RNA and protein synthesis, the cell volume reduce by half during mitosis
G1
46
Temporarily or permanently suspended
G0
47
Cylcing is activated in posmitotic G0 cells by proteins signal from the extracellular enviroment call
Mitogens or growth factors
48
Cycle y is regulated by a family of proteins called
Cyclins
49
Cyclins activate
Cycle dependent kinases
50
Medida de la doble hélice del ADN
2nm
51
Messure of ADN with histones filaments of nucleosomes connected by ADN
11nm
52
Messure of nucleosomes packed in chromatin fiber
30 nm
53
Mesure For transcription form loops tethered to protein scaffold
300 nm
54
Is a type of cáncer occurring in the eyes cause by Rb a gene coding for a key protein active at the G1 restriction point that blocks cell cycle
Retinoblastoma
55
Entire chromosome at metaphase messure
1400 nm
56
Condensed heterocromatin and dispersed euchromatin messure
700nm
57
Genes coding for proteins important in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation called
Proto- oncogenes
58
Changes in a protooncogenes structure
Oncogenes
59
At the centromere region of each chromosome a large protein complex serves as a site for attachment to microtubules
Kinetochore
60
Time spend in G1
25 hours
61
Time spend in S phase
8 hours
62
Time spend on G2 phase
2.5-3 hours
63
The time of the whole cell cycle
24 to 36 hours
64
Time spend in prophase
+- 1 hour
65
Metaphase normally last
66
Anaphase last only
67
Telophase last only
Minutes
68
The three important checkpoints control are
Start G1/S , metaphase/ anaphase, G2/M
69
His Cycling serves to renew the differentiated cells of tissue as needed
Stem cells
70
Early in the process the homologous chromosomes of each pair come together in An activity termed
Synapsis
71
During synapsis double stranded breaks and re pair DNA some of which result in reciprocal DNA exchanges called..... Between the aligned maternal and paternal chromosomes
Crossovers
72
In humans spermatogenesis prophase I normally last....
3 weeks
73
Oocytes arrest in the meiotic phase from their formation in the fetal ovary through the womans reproductive maturity that is about
12 years to nearly five decades
74
Mitosis is a cell división that produces
Two diploid cells
75
Meiosis produce
Four haploid cells
76
Apoptosis is controlled by a cytoplasmic proteins in the
Bcl 2 family
77
Loss of mitocondrial function and are activated some enzymes called
Caspases
78
Los indicios microscopicos de la apoptosis se llaman
Cuerpos apoptoticos
79
El concepto de muerte celular opuesto a la apoptosis se llama
Necrosis

Histologia Junqueira's (24 decks)

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