Connective Tissue Flashcards
1
Q
Es la matriz extracelular (inerte) que rodea alas celulas vivas
A
Sustancia fundamental
2
Q
La esencia estructural del TC es la abundancia de
A
Matriz extracelular
3
Q
La MEC es rica en
A
Fibras de colagena, reticulares y elásticas
4
Q
Las células fundamentales del TC son los
A
Fibroblastos
5
Q
Celulas residentes o en migración son
A
Adipocitos, celulas cebadas, macrofagos, y leucocitos
6
Q
Principal celula del TC, responsable de la síntesis de los elementos de la matriz, de origen mesodermico
A
Fibroblasto
7
Q
Los fibroblastos tienen forma de
A
Huso fusiforme en corte longitudinal con extremos alargados en punta y una parte central de pared lisa que aloja al núcleo eucromatico y de bordes redondeados
8
Q
Encargados de la producción de colagena
A
Fibroblastos
9
Q
Cuantos tipos de colageno existen
A
28
10
Q
Se localiza en la MEC del hueso, tendón.piel,fascias, en las fases tardías de la reparación de las heridas y en la cornea
A
Tipo I
11
Q
Se encuentra en cartílago (incluyendo el cartílago hialino) cuerpo vítreo, núcleo pulposo
A
Tipo II
12
Q
Se localiza en (reticulina) en la piel , vasos sanguíneos, utero, tejido fetal,tejido de granulacion
A
Tipo III
13
Q
Se encuentra en la lamina basal
A
Tipo IV
14
Q
Fibroblastos en estado de reposo se denominan , que presentan un citoplasma de escaso desarrollo con núcleo pequeño
A
Fibrocitos
15
Q
Marcadores funcionales de los fibroblastos que son
A
Actividades de fosfatasa alcalina, y esterasa inespecifica (ANAE)
16
Q
Celulas con forma estrellada con un cuerpo celular que aloja un núcleo y ramificaciones que contactan con celulas vecinas o abrazan fibras de colagena conocidas como fibras de reticulina
A
Células reticulares
17
Q
Forman el tejido reticular
A
Celulas reticulares y fibras de reticulina
18
Q
Se dispone formando un entramado o red y forma el estrofa de órganos linfáticos y hematopoyeticos
A
Tejido reticular
19
Q
De acuerdo a que se clasifica el TC
A
A la distribución de fibras de colagena y de la densidad y densidad
20
Q
Soporta epitelios de los órganos internos formando la lamina propia de las mucosas que recubren órganos huecos como el tubo digestivo,vías respiratorias aéreas y vías urinarias y sexuales , túnica adventicia de dichos conductos y de otros órganos rellenando los espacios entre ellos , el endomisio del músculo estriado.
A
Tejido conjuntivo laxo o areolar
21
Q
Contiene un bajo número de fibras conjuntivas fundamentalmente de colageno y reticulina en relación con la sustancia fundamental y al número de fibroblastos
A
Tejido conectivo laxo o areolar
22
Q
TC está formado por celulas de diversos tipos en su mayoría de origen
A
Mesenquimatico
23
Q
Se encuentra en órganos sometidos a fuerzas moderadas proporcionando un soporte estructural a epitelios externos , forma el estrato denso de la dermis y la túnica media de las venas
A
TC denso irregular
24
Q
Posee abundantes fibras de colageno agrupadas en haces orientados irregularmente y fibras elásticas de recorrido sinuoso , forma mallas en la túnica media de las arterias elásticas, y entre las fibras alineados a los haces de colageno se encuentran los fibroblastos denominados fibrocitos
A
TC denso irregular
25
Tipo especial de TC denso irregular , que permite la ereccion de diversos órganos que carecen de tejido muscular
Eréctil
26
TC característico de los órganos que soportan fuerzas elevadas en una dirección como tendones o ligamentos
TC denso regular
27
Esta formado por grandes haces de colageno y elásticas, ordenados en paralelo orientados en sentido longitudinal a las fuerzas con fibroblastos en baja proporción
TC denso regular
28
TC especializado que se encuentra en la dermis de los embriones así como el el cordón umbilical
TC mucoso
29
En el cordón umbilical recibe el nombre el TC especializado mucoso de
Gelatina de wharton
30
Esta formado por una gran cantidad de sustancia fundamental con bajarlo porción de haces de colagena dispuestos irregularmente Y fibroblastos con largas ramificaciones
TC mucoso
31
Forma el estroma de tejidos hematopoyeticos y linfoides formado por celulas reticulares y fibras dé reticulina dejando huecos donde se localizan células sanguíneas
Tejido reticular
32
Celulas que se pueden encontrar en TC
```
Fibroblastos
Adipocitos
Macrofagos
Linfocitos
Células plasmaticas
Celulas cebadas
```
33
Proceden de monocitos que circulan en la sangre y migran a través de los tejidos madurando con propiedades fagociticas
Macrofagos
34
Cuando se localizan en TC se denominan los macrofagos
Histiocitos
35
procede de órganos hematopoyeticos, se diferencian por sus granulos citoplasmaticos siendo meta cromáticas.
Células cebadas
36
Participa en respuestas inflamatorias por la secreción de sus granulos de histamina y síntesis de compuestos vaso activos que producen aumento en la permeabilidad vascular facilitando acumuló de agua en TC (inflamación) atraen otros leucocitos al área de inflamación y inducen contracción de músculo liso mediante respuestas alérgicas
Células cebadas
37
Muchas células pocas fibras , con un fondo lila o transparente y se puede encontrar macrofagos , plasmocitos, y mastocitos
TC laxo
38
Muchas fibras, pocas células desorden de fibras rosa fuerte en distintas direcciones , se puede identificar fibroblastos
Irregular denso
39
Fibras en orden ,muy confundible con músculo estriado esquelético pero tiene ausencia de estriaciones
Regular denso
40
Consist mainly of cells, the mayor constituent of TC is the
Extracellular matrix ECM,extra fibers, ground substance
41
Protein fibers
Collagen and elastic fibers
42
Complex of anionic, hydrophilic proteoglycans,GAGs, and multiadhesive glycoproteins
Ground substance
43
Multiadhesive of glycoproteins
Laminin,fibronectin,
44
Connective tissues originate from ebryonic
Mesenchyme
45
Originate from locally mesenchymal cells
Fibroblast
46
ECM Consist largely of a simple ground substance rich in
Hyaluronan acid
47
Most abundant protein in body
Collagen
48
Products of fibroblast
Collagen, elastin, GAGs,proteoglycans and multiadhesive
49
Quiescent cells
Fibrocitos
50
Active cells
Fibroblastos
51
Fibroblast are targets of many families of proteins called
Growth factors
52
The regenerative capacity of connective tissue is clearly observed in organs damaged by
Ischemia, inflammation or traumatic injury
53
Fibroblast involve in wound healing that have a contractile function reach with a form of actin also found in smooth muscle cells
Myofibroblast
54
Diameter of macrophages
10 and 30 micrometers
55
Has a kidney shaped nucleus
Macrophages
56
Macrophages increase in size and fuse to form
Multinuclear giant cells
57
Major product or activity of plasma cells
Antibodies
58
Major product or activity of lymphocytes
Immune/ defense function
59
Major product or activity of elsinophilic leukocytes
Modulate allergic/vasoactive reactions and defense against parasites
60
Major product or activity of neutrophilic leukocytes
Phagocytosis of bacteria
61
Mast cells and basophic leukocytes Major product or activity is
Pharmacologically active molecules
62
Diameter of a mast cell whose Cytoplasm is filled with Basophilic secretory granules
7 and 20 micrometers
63
The granules of the mast cell's diameter
From 0.3 to 2.0 micrometers
64
Mast cells because of their high content of acidic radicals in their sulfated GAGs mast cells granules display ..... , which means that the can change the color of some basic dyes
Metachromasia
65
Example of dyes that change with metachromasia
Toluidine blue that change from blue to purple or red
66
Major locations of kupffer cells
Liver (perisinusoidal)
67
Major locations of microgrial cells
SNC
68
Major locations of langerhans cell
Epidermis of skin
69
Major locations of dendritic cells
Lymph nodes, spleen
70
Major locations of osteoclast
Bone
71
Major locations of multinuclear giant cells
In connective tissue under various pathological conditions
72
A sulfated GAGs that acts locally as an anticoagulant
Heparin
73
Molecules that promote increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction
Histamine
74
Molecules that activate various mediators of inflammation
Serine protease
75
Molecules that attract those leukocytes
Eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic factors
76
Polypeptide directing activities of leukocytes and other cells of the immune system
Cytokines
77
Precursors for conversion to prostaglandins, leukotrienes and other important lipids mediators of the inflammatory response
Phospholipids
78
Location of mast cells
Especially numerous near small blood vessels in skin and mesenteries , and in the tissue that lines digestive and respiratory cells
79
Certain chemical mediators stored in mast cells promotes the allergic reactions also known as
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions
80
Number of receptors a mast cell have
300,000
81
Are B lymphocytes derived with Basophilic Cytoplasm and appearance of a clock face
Plasma cells
82
The average lifespan of a plasma cell is only
10 to 20 days
83
Responsable for the synthesis of immunoglobulin antibodies
Plasma cells
84
Process that happens when leukocytes lease blood by migrating between the endothelial cells lining venules to enter connective tissue by a Process called
Diapedesis
85
Signs of inflamed tissues included
Redness, and swelling with heat and pain
86
Increased vascular permeability is caused by the actions of vasoactive substances such as histamine released from mast cells during
Inflammation
87
Is due to the action of the chemical mediators on nerve ending
Pain
88
The 3 main types of fibers
Collagen , reticular and elastic fibers
89
Elastic fibers are composed Mainly of the protein
Elastin
90
The most abundant protein in the body
Collagen
91
% of collagen in the body in dry weight
30%
92
Collagen categories according to the structures are
Fibrillar collagen, Sheet forming collagen , linking/anchoring collagen
93
Fibrillar collagen that have subunits that aggregate to form large fibrils clearly visible in microscope
Collagen I, II, III
94
Collagen most abundant and widely distributed collagen forms large eosinophilic bundles usually called collagen fibers
Type I
95
Major structural proteins of external laminae and the basal lámina in the epithelia
Type IV collagen
96
Binds type IV collagen and anchors the basal lámina to the underlying reticular lamina in the basement membranes
Type VII
97
Major locations is on skin, tendon, bone, dentin , main function is resistance to tension
Collagen I
98
Structure of collagen I
300 nm molecule, 67 nm banded fibrills, thick , highly picrosirius
99
Major locations is on cartilage, and vitreous body , main function is resistance to pressure
Collagen II
100
Main locations fetal tissues , skin , bone, placenta, most interstitial tissues
Collagen V
101
Structure of collagen V
390 nm molecule , N- terminal globular domain,
102
Major locations in all basal and external laminae and main function is support of epithelial cells and filtration
Collagen IV
103
Major locations in epithelial basement membranes, anchors basal laminae to reticular lamina
Collagen VII
104
Found in placenta , skin and tendons
collagen XII
105
Are made in the cells abundant RER
Procollagen alfa chain
106
ER three alfa chain are selected , aligned and stabilized by disulfide bonds at their carboxyl terminals
Triple helix
107
The triple helix undergoes exocitosis and is a cleaved to rodlike
Procollagen molecule
108
Each molecule of subunits of collagen I
Two alfa1 and one alfa2 peptide chains with a molecular mass of 100kDa held together by hydrogen bonds and hydrophilic interaction
109
Lenght of a molecule of collagen called tropo collagen is
300 nm and its width is 1.5 nm , each complete turn of the helix spans a distance of 8.6 nm
110
Is a local swelling caused by abnormally large amount of collagen that form in scars of the skin
Keloid
111
% of collagen Type I of all the body's collagen
90%
112
Collagen typically have long central domains rich in
Proline and lysine
113
In collagen I every third amino acid is
Glycine
114
Enzymes in RER cisternae add hydroxyl groups to some prolines and lysines that require O2, Fe, and vitamina C
Hydroxylase
115
Remove the terminal globular peptides converting the procollagen in collagen molecules
Procollagen peptidase
116
Diameter of collagen Type I ranging from
20 to 90 nm adjacent rodlike collagen subunits of the fibrils are staggered by 67nm
117
Collagen fibers are Acidophilic they stain with eosin
Pink
118
Collagen fibrils with mallory stain
Blue
119
With sirius red collagen stain
Red
120
Degradation is initiated by specific enzymes called
Collagenases members of MMPs
121
Consist Mainly of collagen III
Reticular fibers
122
Diameter of reticular fibers
0.5 - 2 micrometers
123
Reticular fibers are stain black with
Impregnation with silver salt and are termed argyrophylic
124
% of carbohydrates in reticular fibers
10% and the other fibers only have 1%
125
Reticular fiber produced by fibroblast surround
Adiposytes
Smooth muscle
Nerve fibers
Small blood vessels
126
Reticular fibers serve as supportive stroma for parnchimal secretory cells and rich microvasculature of
The liver and endocrine glands, hematopoyetic tissue, and some lymphoid organs
127
Disorder cause by defect of faulty transcription or traslation of collagen Type III with sympthom of aortic and/or intestinal rupture
Ehlers-Danlos Type IV
128
Disorder cause by defect of faulty lysine hydroxylation increasing skin elasticity , rupture of eyeball
Ehlers- Danlos Type VI
129
Disorder cause by defect of decrease in procollagen peptidase activity increasing articular mobility, frequent luxation
Ehlers-Danlos Type VII
130
Disorder cause by defect of Lacks of vitamin C causing ulceration of gums, hemorrages
Scurvy
131
Disorder cause by defect of change of 1 nucleotide in genes for collagen type I
Osteogenesis imperfecta
132
In the wall of blood vessels specially arteries, Elastin also occurs as fenestrated sheets called
Elastic lamellae
133
Elastic fibers stain darkly with
Orcein and aldehyde fuchsin
134
Elastic fibers are composite of
Fibrillin microfibrils Embedded in a larger mass of cross linked Elastin
135
Microfibrils diameter form from fibrillin
10 nm
136
Elastin molecules are rich in
Glycine
Proline
Lysine giving random coiled conformation
137
Most of the cross links between Elastin subunits consist of the covalent cycling structure called
Desmosine
138
Elastin resist digestión by most proteases, but it is hydrolyzed by pancreatic
Elastase
139
Mutation in the fibrillin genes result in this syndrome that cause a Lacks of resistance in tissues rich in elastic fibers
Marfan syndrome
140
The wall of large arteries are rich in elastic components and because the blood pressure is high in the aorta, patients with this disease often experience aortic swellings called
Aneurysms
141
The ground substance of the ECM is hydrated, transparent and a complex mixture of
GAGs , proteoglycans and multiadhesive glycoproteins
142
Ground substance acts as
Lubricants and a barrier to the penetration of invaders
143
Also called mucopolysaccharid, consist of the repeating disaccharide units, usually a uronic acid and hexosamine
GAGs
144
The largest and most ubiquitous GAGs is
Hyaluronic acid
145
Molecular weight of hyaluronic acid from
100s to 1000s kDa
146
Hyaluronate synthase is located in
Cell membrane
147
GAGs are attached to proteins called... That are synthesized in golgi complexes
Proteoglycans
148
The four major GAGs found in proteoglycans are..., that bind a great numbers of cations
Dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfates, keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate
149
Core of proteins to which are covalently attached various numbers and combinations of the sulfated GAGs , are synthesized on RER
Proteoglycans
150
The major cartilage constituent
Aggrecan
151
Small proteoglycan that has few GAGs side chains and binds fibrils of type I collagen
Decorin
152
Proteoglycans that have transmembrane core proteins and serve as additional attachments of the cell to the ECM
Syndecan
153
Aggrecan, a very large core protein bearing many
Chondroitin sulfate, and keratan sulfate chains
154
GAGs found on umbilical cord , synovial fluid, vitreous humor, cartilage
Hyaluronic acid
155
GAGs found on cartilage, bone, cornea , skin notochord,aorta
Chondroitin 4 sulfate
156
GAGs found in skin, tendon, aorta ( adventicia)
Dermatan sulfate
157
GAGs found in aorta, lungs, liver,basal laminae
Heparan sulfate
158
GAGs found in cartilage, nucleous pulpous, annulus fibrosus
Keratan sulfate
159
All have multiple binding sites for cell surface receptors( integrins)
Multiadhesive glycoproteins
160
The Lack of specific hydrolases in lysosomes has Been found to be the cause of several disorders including
Hurler, Hunter, Sanfilippo and morquio syndromes
161
La mucopolisacaridosis tipo I , conocida también por las siglas MPS I, es una enfermedad congénita que esta causada por el déficit de una enzima, la alfa-L-iduronidasa, que ocasiona acumulación progresiva de mucopolisacaridos en las células del tejido conectivo, incluido cartílago y hueso. Es una enfermedad por depósito o tesaurismosis. Se presenta un caso por cada 100.000 nacimientos por lo que está incluida dentro del grupo de las enfermedades raras.
Sindrome de hurler
162
Es un trastorno hereditario del metabolismo, el cual hace que el cuerpo no sea capaz de descomponer apropiadamente cadenas largas de moléculas de azúcar llamadas glucosaminoglicanos (anteriormente denominados mucopolisacáridos).
Sanfilippo syndrome
163
Integral membrane proteins that act as matrix receptors for laminin , fibronectin collagens
Integrins
164
Form insoluble fibrilar network important for cell migration and adhesión
Fibronectin
165
Basal and external laminae are rich in
Laminin
166
Clustered integrins - microfilaments complexes in fibroblasts form structures called
Focal adhesions
167
Accumulation of water
Edema
168
Quantity of plasma proteins stored in the matrix of connective tissue
1/3
