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Histologia Junqueira's > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Es la matriz extracelular (inerte) que rodea alas celulas vivas

A

Sustancia fundamental

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2
Q

La esencia estructural del TC es la abundancia de

A

Matriz extracelular

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3
Q

La MEC es rica en

A

Fibras de colagena, reticulares y elásticas

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4
Q

Las células fundamentales del TC son los

A

Fibroblastos

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5
Q

Celulas residentes o en migración son

A

Adipocitos, celulas cebadas, macrofagos, y leucocitos

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6
Q

Principal celula del TC, responsable de la síntesis de los elementos de la matriz, de origen mesodermico

A

Fibroblasto

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7
Q

Los fibroblastos tienen forma de

A

Huso fusiforme en corte longitudinal con extremos alargados en punta y una parte central de pared lisa que aloja al núcleo eucromatico y de bordes redondeados

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8
Q

Encargados de la producción de colagena

A

Fibroblastos

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9
Q

Cuantos tipos de colageno existen

A

28

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10
Q

Se localiza en la MEC del hueso, tendón.piel,fascias, en las fases tardías de la reparación de las heridas y en la cornea

A

Tipo I

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11
Q

Se encuentra en cartílago (incluyendo el cartílago hialino) cuerpo vítreo, núcleo pulposo

A

Tipo II

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12
Q

Se localiza en (reticulina) en la piel , vasos sanguíneos, utero, tejido fetal,tejido de granulacion

A

Tipo III

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13
Q

Se encuentra en la lamina basal

A

Tipo IV

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14
Q

Fibroblastos en estado de reposo se denominan , que presentan un citoplasma de escaso desarrollo con núcleo pequeño

A

Fibrocitos

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15
Q

Marcadores funcionales de los fibroblastos que son

A

Actividades de fosfatasa alcalina, y esterasa inespecifica (ANAE)

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16
Q

Celulas con forma estrellada con un cuerpo celular que aloja un núcleo y ramificaciones que contactan con celulas vecinas o abrazan fibras de colagena conocidas como fibras de reticulina

A

Células reticulares

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17
Q

Forman el tejido reticular

A

Celulas reticulares y fibras de reticulina

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18
Q

Se dispone formando un entramado o red y forma el estrofa de órganos linfáticos y hematopoyeticos

A

Tejido reticular

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19
Q

De acuerdo a que se clasifica el TC

A

A la distribución de fibras de colagena y de la densidad y densidad

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20
Q

Soporta epitelios de los órganos internos formando la lamina propia de las mucosas que recubren órganos huecos como el tubo digestivo,vías respiratorias aéreas y vías urinarias y sexuales , túnica adventicia de dichos conductos y de otros órganos rellenando los espacios entre ellos , el endomisio del músculo estriado.

A

Tejido conjuntivo laxo o areolar

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21
Q

Contiene un bajo número de fibras conjuntivas fundamentalmente de colageno y reticulina en relación con la sustancia fundamental y al número de fibroblastos

A

Tejido conectivo laxo o areolar

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22
Q

TC está formado por celulas de diversos tipos en su mayoría de origen

A

Mesenquimatico

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23
Q

Se encuentra en órganos sometidos a fuerzas moderadas proporcionando un soporte estructural a epitelios externos , forma el estrato denso de la dermis y la túnica media de las venas

A

TC denso irregular

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24
Q

Posee abundantes fibras de colageno agrupadas en haces orientados irregularmente y fibras elásticas de recorrido sinuoso , forma mallas en la túnica media de las arterias elásticas, y entre las fibras alineados a los haces de colageno se encuentran los fibroblastos denominados fibrocitos

A

TC denso irregular

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25
Q

Tipo especial de TC denso irregular , que permite la ereccion de diversos órganos que carecen de tejido muscular

A

Eréctil

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26
Q

TC característico de los órganos que soportan fuerzas elevadas en una dirección como tendones o ligamentos

A

TC denso regular

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27
Q

Esta formado por grandes haces de colageno y elásticas, ordenados en paralelo orientados en sentido longitudinal a las fuerzas con fibroblastos en baja proporción

A

TC denso regular

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28
Q

TC especializado que se encuentra en la dermis de los embriones así como el el cordón umbilical

A

TC mucoso

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29
Q

En el cordón umbilical recibe el nombre el TC especializado mucoso de

A

Gelatina de wharton

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30
Q

Esta formado por una gran cantidad de sustancia fundamental con bajarlo porción de haces de colagena dispuestos irregularmente Y fibroblastos con largas ramificaciones

A

TC mucoso

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31
Q

Forma el estroma de tejidos hematopoyeticos y linfoides formado por celulas reticulares y fibras dé reticulina dejando huecos donde se localizan células sanguíneas

A

Tejido reticular

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32
Q

Celulas que se pueden encontrar en TC

A 
Fibroblastos
Adipocitos 
Macrofagos 
Linfocitos
Células plasmaticas 
Celulas cebadas
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33
Q

Proceden de monocitos que circulan en la sangre y migran a través de los tejidos madurando con propiedades fagociticas

A

Macrofagos

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34
Q

Cuando se localizan en TC se denominan los macrofagos

A

Histiocitos

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35
Q

procede de órganos hematopoyeticos, se diferencian por sus granulos citoplasmaticos siendo meta cromáticas.

A

Células cebadas

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36
Q

Participa en respuestas inflamatorias por la secreción de sus granulos de histamina y síntesis de compuestos vaso activos que producen aumento en la permeabilidad vascular facilitando acumuló de agua en TC (inflamación) atraen otros leucocitos al área de inflamación y inducen contracción de músculo liso mediante respuestas alérgicas

A

Células cebadas

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37
Q

Muchas células pocas fibras , con un fondo lila o transparente y se puede encontrar macrofagos , plasmocitos, y mastocitos

A

TC laxo

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38
Q

Muchas fibras, pocas células desorden de fibras rosa fuerte en distintas direcciones , se puede identificar fibroblastos

A

Irregular denso

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39
Q

Fibras en orden ,muy confundible con músculo estriado esquelético pero tiene ausencia de estriaciones

A

Regular denso

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40
Q

Consist mainly of cells, the mayor constituent of TC is the

A

Extracellular matrix ECM,extra fibers, ground substance

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41
Q

Protein fibers

A

Collagen and elastic fibers

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42
Q

Complex of anionic, hydrophilic proteoglycans,GAGs, and multiadhesive glycoproteins

A

Ground substance

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43
Q

Multiadhesive of glycoproteins

A

Laminin,fibronectin,

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44
Q

Connective tissues originate from ebryonic

A

Mesenchyme

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45
Q

Originate from locally mesenchymal cells

A

Fibroblast

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46
Q

ECM Consist largely of a simple ground substance rich in

A

Hyaluronan acid

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47
Q

Most abundant protein in body

A

Collagen

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48
Q

Products of fibroblast

A

Collagen, elastin, GAGs,proteoglycans and multiadhesive

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49
Q

Quiescent cells

A

Fibrocitos

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50
Q

Active cells

A

Fibroblastos

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51
Q

Fibroblast are targets of many families of proteins called

A

Growth factors

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52
Q

The regenerative capacity of connective tissue is clearly observed in organs damaged by

A

Ischemia, inflammation or traumatic injury

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53
Q

Fibroblast involve in wound healing that have a contractile function reach with a form of actin also found in smooth muscle cells

A

Myofibroblast

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54
Q

Diameter of macrophages

A

10 and 30 micrometers

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55
Q

Has a kidney shaped nucleus

A

Macrophages

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56
Q

Macrophages increase in size and fuse to form

A

Multinuclear giant cells

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57
Q

Major product or activity of plasma cells

A

Antibodies

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58
Q

Major product or activity of lymphocytes

A

Immune/ defense function

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59
Q

Major product or activity of elsinophilic leukocytes

A

Modulate allergic/vasoactive reactions and defense against parasites

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60
Q

Major product or activity of neutrophilic leukocytes

A

Phagocytosis of bacteria

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61
Q

Mast cells and basophic leukocytes Major product or activity is

A

Pharmacologically active molecules

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62
Q

Diameter of a mast cell whose Cytoplasm is filled with Basophilic secretory granules

A

7 and 20 micrometers

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63
Q

The granules of the mast cell’s diameter

A

From 0.3 to 2.0 micrometers

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64
Q

Mast cells because of their high content of acidic radicals in their sulfated GAGs mast cells granules display ….. , which means that the can change the color of some basic dyes

A

Metachromasia

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65
Q

Example of dyes that change with metachromasia

A

Toluidine blue that change from blue to purple or red

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66
Q

Major locations of kupffer cells

A

Liver (perisinusoidal)

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67
Q

Major locations of microgrial cells

A

SNC

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68
Q

Major locations of langerhans cell

A

Epidermis of skin

69
Q

Major locations of dendritic cells

A

Lymph nodes, spleen

70
Q

Major locations of osteoclast

A

Bone

71
Q

Major locations of multinuclear giant cells

A

In connective tissue under various pathological conditions

72
Q

A sulfated GAGs that acts locally as an anticoagulant

A

Heparin

73
Q

Molecules that promote increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction

A

Histamine

74
Q

Molecules that activate various mediators of inflammation

A

Serine protease

75
Q

Molecules that attract those leukocytes

A

Eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic factors

76
Q

Polypeptide directing activities of leukocytes and other cells of the immune system

A

Cytokines

77
Q

Precursors for conversion to prostaglandins, leukotrienes and other important lipids mediators of the inflammatory response

A

Phospholipids

78
Q

Location of mast cells

A

Especially numerous near small blood vessels in skin and mesenteries , and in the tissue that lines digestive and respiratory cells

79
Q

Certain chemical mediators stored in mast cells promotes the allergic reactions also known as

A

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions

80
Q

Number of receptors a mast cell have

A

300,000

81
Q

Are B lymphocytes derived with Basophilic Cytoplasm and appearance of a clock face

A

Plasma cells

82
Q

The average lifespan of a plasma cell is only

A

10 to 20 days

83
Q

Responsable for the synthesis of immunoglobulin antibodies

A

Plasma cells

84
Q

Process that happens when leukocytes lease blood by migrating between the endothelial cells lining venules to enter connective tissue by a Process called

A

Diapedesis

85
Q

Signs of inflamed tissues included

A

Redness, and swelling with heat and pain

86
Q

Increased vascular permeability is caused by the actions of vasoactive substances such as histamine released from mast cells during

A

Inflammation

87
Q

Is due to the action of the chemical mediators on nerve ending

A

Pain

88
Q

The 3 main types of fibers

A

Collagen , reticular and elastic fibers

89
Q

Elastic fibers are composed Mainly of the protein

A

Elastin

90
Q

The most abundant protein in the body

A

Collagen

91
Q

% of collagen in the body in dry weight

A

30%

92
Q

Collagen categories according to the structures are

A

Fibrillar collagen, Sheet forming collagen , linking/anchoring collagen

93
Q

Fibrillar collagen that have subunits that aggregate to form large fibrils clearly visible in microscope

A

Collagen I, II, III

94
Q

Collagen most abundant and widely distributed collagen forms large eosinophilic bundles usually called collagen fibers

A

Type I

95
Q

Major structural proteins of external laminae and the basal lámina in the epithelia

A

Type IV collagen

96
Q

Binds type IV collagen and anchors the basal lámina to the underlying reticular lamina in the basement membranes

A

Type VII

97
Q

Major locations is on skin, tendon, bone, dentin , main function is resistance to tension

A

Collagen I

98
Q

Structure of collagen I

A

300 nm molecule, 67 nm banded fibrills, thick , highly picrosirius

99
Q

Major locations is on cartilage, and vitreous body , main function is resistance to pressure

A

Collagen II

100
Q

Main locations fetal tissues , skin , bone, placenta, most interstitial tissues

A

Collagen V

101
Q

Structure of collagen V

A

390 nm molecule , N- terminal globular domain,

102
Q

Major locations in all basal and external laminae and main function is support of epithelial cells and filtration

A

Collagen IV

103
Q

Major locations in epithelial basement membranes, anchors basal laminae to reticular lamina

A

Collagen VII

104
Q

Found in placenta , skin and tendons

A

collagen XII

105
Q

Are made in the cells abundant RER

A

Procollagen alfa chain

106
Q

ER three alfa chain are selected , aligned and stabilized by disulfide bonds at their carboxyl terminals

A

Triple helix

107
Q

The triple helix undergoes exocitosis and is a cleaved to rodlike

A

Procollagen molecule

108
Q

Each molecule of subunits of collagen I

A

Two alfa1 and one alfa2 peptide chains with a molecular mass of 100kDa held together by hydrogen bonds and hydrophilic interaction

109
Q

Lenght of a molecule of collagen called tropo collagen is

A

300 nm and its width is 1.5 nm , each complete turn of the helix spans a distance of 8.6 nm

110
Q

Is a local swelling caused by abnormally large amount of collagen that form in scars of the skin

A

Keloid

111
Q

% of collagen Type I of all the body’s collagen

A

90%

112
Q

Collagen typically have long central domains rich in

A

Proline and lysine

113
Q

In collagen I every third amino acid is

A

Glycine

114
Q

Enzymes in RER cisternae add hydroxyl groups to some prolines and lysines that require O2, Fe, and vitamina C

A

Hydroxylase

115
Q

Remove the terminal globular peptides converting the procollagen in collagen molecules

A

Procollagen peptidase

116
Q

Diameter of collagen Type I ranging from

A

20 to 90 nm adjacent rodlike collagen subunits of the fibrils are staggered by 67nm

117
Q

Collagen fibers are Acidophilic they stain with eosin

A

Pink

118
Q

Collagen fibrils with mallory stain

A

Blue

119
Q

With sirius red collagen stain

A

Red

120
Q

Degradation is initiated by specific enzymes called

A

Collagenases members of MMPs

121
Q

Consist Mainly of collagen III

A

Reticular fibers

122
Q

Diameter of reticular fibers

A

0.5 - 2 micrometers

123
Q

Reticular fibers are stain black with

A

Impregnation with silver salt and are termed argyrophylic

124
Q

% of carbohydrates in reticular fibers

A

10% and the other fibers only have 1%

125
Q

Reticular fiber produced by fibroblast surround

A

Adiposytes
Smooth muscle
Nerve fibers
Small blood vessels

126
Q

Reticular fibers serve as supportive stroma for parnchimal secretory cells and rich microvasculature of

A

The liver and endocrine glands, hematopoyetic tissue, and some lymphoid organs

127
Q

Disorder cause by defect of faulty transcription or traslation of collagen Type III with sympthom of aortic and/or intestinal rupture

A

Ehlers-Danlos Type IV

128
Q

Disorder cause by defect of faulty lysine hydroxylation increasing skin elasticity , rupture of eyeball

A

Ehlers- Danlos Type VI

129
Q

Disorder cause by defect of decrease in procollagen peptidase activity increasing articular mobility, frequent luxation

A

Ehlers-Danlos Type VII

130
Q

Disorder cause by defect of Lacks of vitamin C causing ulceration of gums, hemorrages

A

Scurvy

131
Q

Disorder cause by defect of change of 1 nucleotide in genes for collagen type I

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

132
Q

In the wall of blood vessels specially arteries, Elastin also occurs as fenestrated sheets called

A

Elastic lamellae

133
Q

Elastic fibers stain darkly with

A

Orcein and aldehyde fuchsin

134
Q

Elastic fibers are composite of

A

Fibrillin microfibrils Embedded in a larger mass of cross linked Elastin

135
Q

Microfibrils diameter form from fibrillin

A

10 nm

136
Q

Elastin molecules are rich in

A

Glycine
Proline
Lysine giving random coiled conformation

137
Q

Most of the cross links between Elastin subunits consist of the covalent cycling structure called

A

Desmosine

138
Q

Elastin resist digestión by most proteases, but it is hydrolyzed by pancreatic

A

Elastase

139
Q

Mutation in the fibrillin genes result in this syndrome that cause a Lacks of resistance in tissues rich in elastic fibers

A

Marfan syndrome

140
Q

The wall of large arteries are rich in elastic components and because the blood pressure is high in the aorta, patients with this disease often experience aortic swellings called

A

Aneurysms

141
Q

The ground substance of the ECM is hydrated, transparent and a complex mixture of

A

GAGs , proteoglycans and multiadhesive glycoproteins

142
Q

Ground substance acts as

A

Lubricants and a barrier to the penetration of invaders

143
Q

Also called mucopolysaccharid, consist of the repeating disaccharide units, usually a uronic acid and hexosamine

A

GAGs

144
Q

The largest and most ubiquitous GAGs is

A

Hyaluronic acid

145
Q

Molecular weight of hyaluronic acid from

A

100s to 1000s kDa

146
Q

Hyaluronate synthase is located in

A

Cell membrane

147
Q

GAGs are attached to proteins called… That are synthesized in golgi complexes

A

Proteoglycans

148
Q

The four major GAGs found in proteoglycans are…, that bind a great numbers of cations

A

Dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfates, keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate

149
Q

Core of proteins to which are covalently attached various numbers and combinations of the sulfated GAGs , are synthesized on RER

A

Proteoglycans

150
Q

The major cartilage constituent

A

Aggrecan

151
Q

Small proteoglycan that has few GAGs side chains and binds fibrils of type I collagen

A

Decorin

152
Q

Proteoglycans that have transmembrane core proteins and serve as additional attachments of the cell to the ECM

A

Syndecan

153
Q

Aggrecan, a very large core protein bearing many

A

Chondroitin sulfate, and keratan sulfate chains

154
Q

GAGs found on umbilical cord , synovial fluid, vitreous humor, cartilage

A

Hyaluronic acid

155
Q

GAGs found on cartilage, bone, cornea , skin notochord,aorta

A

Chondroitin 4 sulfate

156
Q

GAGs found in skin, tendon, aorta ( adventicia)

A

Dermatan sulfate

157
Q

GAGs found in aorta, lungs, liver,basal laminae

A

Heparan sulfate

158
Q

GAGs found in cartilage, nucleous pulpous, annulus fibrosus

A

Keratan sulfate

159
Q

All have multiple binding sites for cell surface receptors( integrins)

A

Multiadhesive glycoproteins

160
Q

The Lack of specific hydrolases in lysosomes has Been found to be the cause of several disorders including

A

Hurler, Hunter, Sanfilippo and morquio syndromes

161
Q

La mucopolisacaridosis tipo I , conocida también por las siglas MPS I, es una enfermedad congénita que esta causada por el déficit de una enzima, la alfa-L-iduronidasa, que ocasiona acumulación progresiva de mucopolisacaridos en las células del tejido conectivo, incluido cartílago y hueso. Es una enfermedad por depósito o tesaurismosis. Se presenta un caso por cada 100.000 nacimientos por lo que está incluida dentro del grupo de las enfermedades raras.

A

Sindrome de hurler

162
Q

Es un trastorno hereditario del metabolismo, el cual hace que el cuerpo no sea capaz de descomponer apropiadamente cadenas largas de moléculas de azúcar llamadas glucosaminoglicanos (anteriormente denominados mucopolisacáridos).

A

Sanfilippo syndrome

163
Q

Integral membrane proteins that act as matrix receptors for laminin , fibronectin collagens

A

Integrins

164
Q

Form insoluble fibrilar network important for cell migration and adhesión

A

Fibronectin

165
Q

Basal and external laminae are rich in

A

Laminin

166
Q

Clustered integrins - microfilaments complexes in fibroblasts form structures called

A

Focal adhesions

167
Q

Accumulation of water

A

Edema

168
Q

Quantity of plasma proteins stored in the matrix of connective tissue

A

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Histologia Junqueira's (24 decks)

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