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Histologia Junqueira's > Hemopoiesis > Flashcards

Hemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

In the second trimester Hemopoiesis occurs primarily in the developing

A

Liver with the spleen playing a minor role

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2
Q

In third trimester Hemopoiesis takes place in

A

Marrow of specific bones

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3
Q

Throughout childhood and adult life erythrocytes , granulocytes monocytes and platelets continue to form from stems cells located

A

In Bone marrow

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4
Q

Plurimptent cells

A

Stem cells

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5
Q

Stems cells proliferate forming

A

Progenitor cells

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6
Q

Progenitor cells diferenciate in two linages

A

Lymphoid cells

Mieloid cells

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7
Q

Myeloid cells includes

A

Granulocytes
Monocytes
Erythrocytes
Megakaryocytes

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8
Q

The progenitor cells for the blood cells are commonly called

A

Colony-forming units CFUs

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9
Q

Four major types of colony forming units

A

CFU E
CFU Meg thrombocytic lineage
CFU GM
CFU L

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10
Q

Progenitor and precursor cells divide more rapidly producing at

A

3x10^9 erythrocytes and 0.85x10^9 in human bone marrow

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11
Q

Hemopoiesis depends on a microenviroment or niche that are

A

Specific endocrine
Paracrine
Juxtacrine factors

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12
Q

Also call Cytokines, are glycoproteins that stimulate proliferation of progenitor and precursor cells and promote cell differentiation and maduration with specific lineages

A

Colony stimulating factors CSF

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13
Q

Each progenitor cell/CFU lineage produce

A

Precursor cells

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14
Q

Bones marrow is found in

A

The medullary canals of long Bones and in the small cavities of cancellous bone

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15
Q

Two types of Bones

A

Red bone marrow

Yellow bone marrow

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16
Q

Blood forming whose color is produce by An abundance of blood and hemopoietic cells

A

Red bone marrow

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17
Q

Bone marrow which is filled with adipocytes that excude most hematopoietic cells

A

Yellow bone marrow

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18
Q

In early embryo these blood cells arise in the

A

Yolk sac mesoderm

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19
Q

Yellow marrow reverts to red when

A

A sever bleeding or hipoxia

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20
Q

Red bone marrow contains a

A

reticular connective tissue ,Stroma, hemopoietic cords, or islands of cell and sinusoidal capillaries

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21
Q

is a meshwork of specialized fibroblastic cells called …, and a delicate web of reticular fibers supporting the hematopoyetic cells and macrophage

A

Stromal cells, also called reticular or adventitial cells

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22
Q

The matrix of bone marrow also contains

A

Collagen Type I, proteoglycans, fibronectin and laminin the latter glycoprotein interacting with integrins to bind cells to the matrix

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23
Q

The red marrow is also a site where

A

Older, defective erythrocytes undergo phagocytosis by macrophages which then reprocess hemebound iron for delivery to the differentiating erythrocytes

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24
Q

The major activities that regulates activities and cytokine secretion of many leukocytes and other cells and important source is in macrophages and T helper cells

A

Interleukin 1 IL 1

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25
Q

The major activities is in mitogen for activated T and B cells, promotes differentiation of NK cells

A

Inteleukin 2

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26
Q

Mitogen for all granulocytes and Megakaryocytes progenitor cells

A

Interleukin 3

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27
Q

Promotes development of Basophils and mast cells and B lymphocytes activation

A

Interleukin 4

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28
Q

Promotes development and activation of Eosinophils

A

Interleukin 5 or Eosinophils differentiation factor EDF

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29
Q

Mitogen for many leukocytes , promotes activation of B cells and regulatory T cells

A

Interleukin 6

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30
Q

Major mitogen for all lymphoid stem cells

A

Interleukin 7

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31
Q

The hematopoietic niche in marrow includes

A

Stroma
Osteoblast
Megakaryocytes

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32
Q

Secret various CSF

A

Stromal cells and bone cells

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33
Q

Stromal cells produce

A

ECM

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34
Q

Between the hematopoietic cord run….. Which have discontinuous endothelium, through which newly differentiated blood cells and platelets enter the circulation

A

Sinusoids

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35
Q

Erythropoiesis Consist in

A 
Cell and nuclear volume decrease
Chromatin density increases 
Gradual decrease in the number of polyribosomes 
Increase in the amount of hemoglobin 
Organelles disappear
36
Q

The development of An erythrocytes from its first recognizable progenitor cell to the release of reticulocytes into the blood takes approximately

A

1 week

37
Q

A growth factor produced by cells in the kidney stimulates the production of mRNA for globins,

A

Erythropoietin

38
Q

The protein components of hemoglobin and is essential for the production of erythrocytes

A

Globins

39
Q

A large cell with loose, lacy chromatin, nucleoli, and Basophilic cytoplam, the distinct progenitor cell of the erythroid series is the

A

Proerythroblast

40
Q

More strongly Basophilic Cytoplasm and a condensed nucleus with no visible nucleolus. The basophilia is caused by the large number of polysomes synthesizing hemoglobin

A

Basophilic erythroblast

41
Q

Producing regions of both basophilia and acidophilia in the cell now called

A

Polychromatophilic erythroblast

42
Q

The cell and nuclear volumes continue to condense and no basophilia is evident resulting una uniformly Acidophilic Cytoplasm

A

Orthochromatophilic erythroblast also called normoblast

43
Q

The cells ejects its nucleus which is then phagocytosed by macrophage , the cells till has a small number of polyribosomes is called

A

Reticulocytes

44
Q

Reticulocytes constituted ..% of the red blood cells circulating

A

1%

45
Q

Involves cytoplasmatic changes dominated by synthesis of proteins for the azurophilic granules and specific granules

A

Granulopoiesis

46
Q

Contains lysosomal hydrolases stain with basic dyes and are basically similar in the three types of granulocytes

A

Azurophilic granules

47
Q

Is the most immature recognizable cell in the myeloid series, disperse chromatin and faint nucleoli

A

Myeloblast

48
Q

Basophilic Cytoplasm and azurophilic granules containing lysosomal enzymes and myeloperoxidase, actívate different set of genes resulting in lineage of the three types of granulocytes

A

Promyelocytes

49
Q

The first visible sign of this differentiation appears in the

A

Myelocytes

50
Q

Stage in which specific granules gradually increase the number and eventually occupy most of the cytoplasm

A

Metamyelocyte

51
Q

Before its complete maturation the neutrophilic granulocytes passes through an intermediate stage, in which the nucleus is elongated but not yet polymorphic.

A

Band cell or stab cell

52
Q

The appearance of large Numbers of immature neutrophils (band cells) in the blood, sometimes called a “shift to the left” is clinically significant usually indicating a

A

Bacterial infection

53
Q

The total time required for a myeloblast to produce mature, circulating neutrophils ranges from

A

10 to 14 days

54
Q

Four functionally and anatomically defined compartments

A

The granulopoietic compartment in active marrow
Storage as mature cells in marrow until release
The circulating population
A population undergoing margination

55
Q

Inflamed connective tissues thus form a fifth terminal compartment for neutrophils where

A

The cells reside for a few days and then die by apoptosis

56
Q

No cytoplasmic granules

A

Myeloblast

57
Q

Azurophilic granules being secreted in golgi apparatus in granulopoiesis

A

Promyelocyte

58
Q

Moderate number of azurophilic granules and initial production of specific granules in golgi zone

A

Myelocytes

59
Q

Abundant specific granules and dispersed azurophilic granules and golgi apparatus reduced

A

Metamyelocyte

60
Q

An increase in the number of circulating neutrophils can be…, can cause neutrophils in the marginating compartment to move to the circulating compartment

A

Intense muscular activity

Administration of epinephrine

61
Q

A large cell with Basophilic cytoplasm and a large, slightly indented nucleus, nucleoli are evident

A

Promonocyte

62
Q

Promonocyte divide twice as they develop into

A

Monocytes

63
Q

Monocytes circulate in blood for several hours and enter tissues where they mature as

A

Macrophage and function for up to several months

64
Q

Circulating lymphocytes originate mainly in

A

The thymus and the peripheral lymphoid organs

65
Q

Lymphoid organs

A

Spleen
Lymph nodes
Tonsil

66
Q

All lymphocyte progenitor cells originate

A

In the bone marrow

67
Q

The first identifiable progenitor of lymphoid cells is the

A

Lymphoblast

68
Q

A large cell capable of dividing two or three times to form

A

Lymphocytes

69
Q

Compartment in the bone marrow with developing progenitor cells

A

Granulopoietic

70
Q

(Reserve) compartment, also in red marrow, acts as a buffer system, capable of releasing large Numbers of mature neutrophils as needed. Trillions of neutrophils typically move from marrow to the bloodstream every day

A

Storage

71
Q

Compartment, in which cells temporarily do not circulate but. Rather accumulate temporarily at the surface of the endothelium in venules and small veins with a half life cells in these two compartments less than 10 hours

A

Marginating

72
Q

The Granulopoietic and storage compartment together include cells in approximately the first

A

14 days

73
Q

Are malignant clones of leukocytes precursor

A

Leukemias

74
Q

Are malignant clones of leukocytes precursor in both limphoid tissue

A

Lymphoblastic Leukemias

75
Q

Are malignant clones of leukocytes precursor and bone marrow

A

Myelogenous Leukemias

76
Q

A needle is introduced through the compact bone,typically at the iliac crest, and a sample of marrow is withdrawn.

A

Bone marrow aspirations

77
Q

Megakaryoblasts which differentiate in Megakaryocytes in a Process driven by

A

Thrombopoietin

78
Q

The megakaryoblast diameter, with a large ovoid or kidney shaped nucleus

A

25 to 50 micrometer

79
Q

Before differentiating these cells undergo endomitosis with repeated round DNA replication not separated by cell division resulting in a nucleus that is highly polyploid

A

64N

80
Q

Megakaryocytes are giant cells,up to … In diameter

A

150 micrometer with a large irregularly lobulated polyploid nuclei

81
Q

To form platelets, Megakaryocytes extend several long >100 micrometer branching processes called…, celular extensions penetrate the sinusoidal endothelium and are exposed in the circulating blood of the Sinusoids

A

Proplatelets

82
Q

Internally Proplatelets have

A

Framework of actin filaments and loosely bundled, mix polarity microtubules along which membrane vesicles

83
Q

Mature Megakaryocytes have numerous invaginations of plasma membrane ramifying throughout the cytoplasm called

A

Demarcation membranes

84
Q

A reduction in the number of circulating platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia

85
Q

Deficiencies of folic acid or vitamin B12

A

Ineffective megakaryopoiesis

86
Q

The color of small spots or petechiae in the skin from poorly inhibited bleeding

A

Thrombocytopenic purpura

Histologia Junqueira's (24 decks)

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