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Histologia Junqueira's > The Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

The Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Es un organo glandular tubular ovoide alojada dentro del saco escrotal

A

Testiculo

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2
Q

Capsula que Se encuentra en la superficie interna del saco escrotal formanda de tejido conectivo denso dandole forma de capsula

A

Tunica albuginea

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3
Q

Capa externa de la tunica albuginea hecha de mesotelio

A

Tunica vaginalis

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4
Q

De la tunica albuginea se invagina hacia dentro del testiculo formando septos definiendo Los

A

250 lobulillos

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5
Q

Compartimientos piramidales en los cuales se encuentran de uno a cuatro tubulos seminiferos

A

Lobulillos testiculares

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6
Q

Medidas de los tubulos seminiferos que se encuentran muy plegados

A

Diametro 150 a 250 micrometros y de 30 a 70cm de largo

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7
Q

Porcion exocrina del testiculo

A

Tubulos seminiferos

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8
Q

Entre los tubulos seminiferos se encuentran células epiteliales especializadas llamadas

A

Celulas intersticiales o celulas de Leydig

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9
Q

Los tubulos seminiferos se encuentran revestidos por epitelio de tipo

A

Germinal estratificado

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10
Q

Epitelio germinal del tubulo seminifero cuenta con dos tipos de celulas

A

Celulas de sostén o Sertoli y celulas espermatogenicas

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11
Q

Se encuentran adheridas a la lamina basal del tubulo seminifero son altas con forma columnar irregular que en ocaciones llega a parecer una cruz, con nucleo pálido con nucleolo prominente ,las cuales captan testosterona controlando la espermatogenesis

A

Celulas de Sertoli o de sostén

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12
Q

Tipos de celulas encargadas de la espermatogenesis

A 
Espermatogonia
Espermatocito primario
Espermatocito secundario 
Espermatides 
Espermatozoides
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13
Q

Celula movil, capaz de nadar, que consta de una cabeza la cual contiene un nucleo con la carga genética que tiene el padre, y una cola o flagelo

A

Espermatozoide

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14
Q

La cabeza del espermatozoide mide

A

4 a 5 micrómetros de longitud y de 2.5 a 3.5 micrómetros de anchura

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15
Q

Lisosoma especial, que se encuentra en los dos tercios anteriores del nucleo, con enzimas para la penetracion de las cubiertas del ovulo

A

Acrosoma

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16
Q

La cola del espermatozoide mide

A

55 micrómetros de largo y en grosor varia desde 1.0 micrómetros de la base a 0.1 micrómetros de su extremo terminal

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17
Q

La cola del espermatozoide presenta cuatro segmentos

A

El cuello
La pieza intermedia
La pieza principal
La pieza terminal

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18
Q

Zona del acrosoma donde hay una condensación de su contenido y es donde ocurre la fecundación

A

Segmento ecuatorial

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19
Q

Es el sitio en donde la cola se une a la cabeza del espermatozoide

A

Zona de implantación

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20
Q

Inmediatamente después de la cabeza se halla …. Que tiene un capitulum denso que se adapta a la forma de la fosa de implantación

A

Pieza conectora

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21
Q

Por debajo del capitulum hay

A

Nueve columnas segmentadas de 1.0 a 1.5 micrómetros continuas con nueve fibras externas del flagelo espermatico

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22
Q

Debajo de la superficie articular del capitulum hay

A

Un centriolo proximal orientado transversalmente, existe otro centriolo distal orientado en el eje del flagelo ausente en espermatozoide maduro

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23
Q

En el centro del flagelo espermatico esta el

A

Axonema que consta de dos microtubulos centrales rodeados por 9 dobletes

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24
Q

El axonema esta rodeado por

A

Nueve fibras densas externas

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25
Q

La pieza intermedia del espermatozoide se caracteriza por

A

La presencia de mitocondrias orientadas circunferencialmente

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26
Q

Cuantas vueltas dan las mitocondrias en el espermatozoide

A

15 vueltas

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27
Q

Debajo de las mitocondrias se encuentra un anillo de material electrodenso al cual esta adherida firmemente la membrana flagelar

A

Annulus

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28
Q

La pieza principal del espermatozoide mide …, formada por una serie de bandas electrodensas que figuran una parrilla costal

A

45 micrómetros de largo

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29
Q

La pieza terminal es

A

Solo el axonema cubierto por la membrana flagelar

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30
Q

La espermatogenesis en epitelio germinal se inicia por

A

La FSH

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31
Q

Celula esférica ubicada en la capa basal del tubulo seminifero y que va dividirse por mitosis

A

Espermatogonio

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32
Q

De mayor tamaño que el espermatogonio y realiza la primera división meiotica con el propósito de producir una célula haploide (23 cromosomas) e introducir una variante genética

A

Espermatocito primario

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33
Q

Es pequeño y es la celula que lleva la segunda división meiotica pero mantiene su numero de cromosomas de 23

A

Espermatocito secundario

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34
Q

Durante la espermatogenesis solo están incompletamente separadas

A

Espermatide

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35
Q

Es el producto de la espermatogenesis, siendo el gameto masculino y se libera de las células de Sertoli hacia la luz del tubulo seminifero

A

Espermatozoide

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36
Q

Celulas eosinofilas que contiene una gran cantidad de REL, lípidos y cristales de Reinke, producen testosterona

A

Celulas de Leydig

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37
Q

La testosterona es responsable de

A

Espermatogenesis
Desarrollo y mantenimiento de los conductos y glandulas accesorias a la reproducción
Características sexuales secundarias
El comportamiento masculino del apareamiento
El metabolismo en general

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38
Q

Una vez terminada espermatogenesis y liberado el espermatozoide en el tubulo seminifero, este debe de pasar por

A 
Los tubulos rectos o vasa recta
La rete testis
Conductos eferentes 
Epididimo 
Conducto deferente
Conducto eyaculadores
Uretra
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39
Q

Es el primer segmento segmento del sistema de conductos excretores

A

Los tubulos rectos o vasa recta

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40
Q

Es un sistema plexiforme de espacios revestidos por epitelio cúbico y encuentran en el mediastino testicular, estructura adherida al órgano testiculo

A

La red testis

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41
Q

En un número de seis a 12 tubos revestidos por un epitelio columnar simple en grupos de celulas altas y bajas, la pared del conducto tiene musculo liso distribuido en forma circular, su función son la reabsorber el liquido que se emplea para mover el esperma fuera el testiculo y maduración del mismo

A

Conducto eferente

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42
Q

Conducto tubular plegado sobre sí mismo que está revestido por epitelio columnar simple con estereocilio no móviles que cuentan con celulas basales redondas y mas pequeñas dando aspect de pseoudoestratificado, con musculo liso escaso rodeado por TC denso y capilares

A

Epididimo

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43
Q

Es un tubulo largo y muscular que termina como una ampolla o ampula con pliegues de epitelio, su pared es gruesa capa de musculo liso distribuido de forma longitudinal en su porción interna, circular en su porción media, y longitudinal en la externa

A

Conducto deferente

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44
Q

Forman el cordón espermatico

A

Nervios, vasos sanguineos y linfáticos al igual que el musculo cremaster y epididimo

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45
Q

La eyaculacion se encuentra bajo control

A

Parasimpatico

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46
Q

Posterior a la dilatación ampular del conducto deferente y se encuentra revestido por epitelio pseoudoestratificado a columnar simple sobre capa de TC el cual no presenta musculo liso, este conducto va a llegar a la uretra prostatica a través del verumontanum

A

Conductos eyaculadores

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47
Q

Conductos eyaculadores va a llegar a la uretra prostatica a través de

A

Verumontanum

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48
Q

Es el conducto final del aparato urogenital masculino

A

Uretra

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49
Q

La uretra masculina está formada por tres porciones

A

Prostatica , membranosa, y cavernosa

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50
Q

Órgano glandular lobulado ubicado debajo de la vejiga

A

Prostata

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51
Q

La próstata se divide en tres zonas

A

Zona periférica
Zona periuretral
Zona anterior

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52
Q

Zona de la próstata que es la más propensa a desarrollar cáncer

A

La zona periférica

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53
Q

Zona de la próstata más propensa a sufrir hipertrofia y obstruir la vía urinaria causando retención urinaria en adultos mayores

A

Zona periuretral

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54
Q

La próstata se encuentra formada por

A

TC irregular denso y musculo liso entremezclados con la presencia de adenomeros que son de 30 a 50 glandulas tubuloalveolares simples

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55
Q

Tipo de epitelio de los adenomeros de la próstata

A

Epitelio cúbico simple

56
Q

Acinos glandulares de glycoproteinas que sufrieron calcificación presentes en la próstata

A

Corpora amylcea

57
Q

Órgano tubular retorcido varias veces sobre sí mismo con pliegues de su mucosa característicos con epitelio columnar simple, su secreción es licor seminal

A

Vesícula seminal

58
Q

El licor seminal producido por la vesícula seminal esta compuesta por

A

Seminogelina y fructosa, prostaglandinas

59
Q

Aporta energía a los espermatozoides

A

Fructosa

60
Q

Pueden llegar a producir contracción del tracto genital femenino

A

Prostaglandinas

61
Q

Is important for spermatogenesis, sexual differentiation during embryonic and fetal development and control of gonadotropin secretion in pituitary

A

Testosterone

62
Q

Spermatozoa and the secretions of the accessory glands make up the

A

Semen

63
Q

Tunica albuginea thick on the posterior side to form the

A

Mediastinum testis

64
Q

During migration from the abdominal cavity each testis carries with a serous sac call

A

Tunica vaginalis

65
Q

Tunica vaginalis consist of two layers

A

Outer parietal layers line the scrotum

Inner visceral layer covering the tunica albuginea on the anterior and lateral sides of testis

66
Q

Temperature maintain in the scrotal sac by a pampiniform venous plexus that surrounded each testicular artery

A

34 degrees.

67
Q

Move the testes away from or closer to the body allowing control on testicular temperature

A

Cremaster muscle and thin dartos muscle

68
Q

An excessive accumulation of serous fluid in one or both sides of the scrotal sac

A

Hydrocele

69
Q

The failure of one or both testes to descend from the abdomen, occurs about 4% of male neonates

A

Cryptorchidism

70
Q

Bilateral cryptorchism causes infertility if not surgically corrected by

A

2 or 3 years of age

71
Q

Testosterone secretion by Leydig cells is triggered by pituitary gonadotropin called

A

Luteinizing hormone which is also called interstitial cell stimulating hormone ICSH

72
Q

In the late embryonic testes gonadotropin from…… stimulates interstitial cells to synthesize the testosterone needed from development of the ducts and glands of the male reproductive system

A

Placenta

73
Q

Interstitial or Leydig cells are very active in pregnancy in months…

A

Third and fourth

74
Q

Percentage of testicular cancer that involves germ cell tutors

A

95%

75
Q

Sperms are produce at a rate of about

A

2x10^8 per day in young adult

76
Q

Each testis has from….. such tubules in its lobules and each tubule measures 150 to 250 micrometers in diameter and 30 to 70 cm in length

A

250 to 1000

77
Q

The total length of the tubules of one testis about

A

250 m

78
Q

Each seminiferous tubule linked by …. To the rete testis

A

Straight tubule

79
Q

Number of efferent ductules that connect the rete testis to the head of the epididymis

A

10 to 20

80
Q

The basement membrane of the germinal epithelium contain smooth muscle like

A

Myoid cells

81
Q

The primary spermatocyte has

A

46 (44+ XY) content 4N

82
Q

The first meiotic prophase last about

A

3 weeks

83
Q

Secondary spermatocyte has

A

Only 23 chromosomes (22+X,22+ Y) and amount of DNA is 2N

84
Q

Very short living cells

A

Secondary spermatocyte

85
Q

All subsequent divisions of the daughter cells have incomplete cytokinesis remain attached to one another by

A

Intercellular bridges

86
Q

The cellular events and changes between the final mitoses of spermatogenia and formation of spermatids take about

A

2 months

87
Q

Four phases of spermiogenesis

A

Golgi phase
Cap phase
Across me phase
Maturation phase

88
Q

phases of spermiogenesis in which Golgi apparatus is prominent and have proacrosomal vesicles coalesce as a single membrane limited acrosomal cap

A

Golgi phase

89
Q

Specialized type of lysosome containing hydrolytic enzymes, mainly achyaluronidase and a trypsin like protease called

A

Acrosin

90
Q

The acrosomal cap spreads over about half of the condensing nucleus

A

Cap phase

91
Q

phases of spermiogenesis in which nuclei become more enlongated and very highly condensed with his tones replace by protamines

A

Acrosome phase

92
Q

phases of spermiogenesis with uneeded cytoplasm is shed as a residual body

A

Maturation phase

93
Q

Poor semen quality, with sperm cell density less than 10 - 20 million/mL

A

Oligospermia

94
Q

Each Sertoli cells support …… germ cells

A

30 to 50 germ cells

95
Q

Tight occluding junctions between their basolateral membranes that form…, that prevents autoimmune attacks against the unique spermatogenic cells

A

Blood testis barrier

96
Q

Three general function of Sertoli cells

A

Support, protection,and nutrition of spermatogenic cells
Exocrine and endocrine secretion
Phagocytosis

97
Q

Sertoli secretion which concentrates testosterone to a level required for spermiogenesis promote by follicle stimulating hormone FSH

A

Androgen binding protein ABP

98
Q

Sertoli secretion a glycoprotein which feeds back on the anterior pituitary gland to suppress FSH synthesis and release

A

Inhibin

99
Q

Sertoli cells secretion that cause regression of the embryonic mülllerian (paramesonephric) ducts

A

Mülllerian inhibiting substance MIS

100
Q

Acute or chronic inflammation of the testis, produced by infective agents occurs secondarily to a urinary tract, infection or a sexually transmitted pathogen

A

Orchitis

101
Q

A result of sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea or chlamydia

A

Epididymitis

102
Q

Epithelium of efferent ductules

A

Alternating patches of simple cuboidal nonciliated and simple columnar ciliated support by thin layer of smooth muscle

103
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with small basal cells and tall principal cells bearing long stereocilia support by circle smooth muscle initially with inner and outer longitudinal layer

A

Epididymal ducts

104
Q

Pseudostratified columnar with few stereocilia with three thick layers of smooth muscle

A

Ductus vas defferent

105
Q

Length of the three part of epididymis (head, body and tail)

A

4 or 5 m

106
Q

Secrete glycolipids and glycoproteins and absorb water and remove residual bodies with long stereocilia, line epididymal ducts

A

Principal cells

107
Q

Each vas deferens passes over the urinary bladder where it enlarges as an

A

Ampulla where the epithelium is thicker and more extensively folded

108
Q

Within the prostate gland the end of the two ampulla merge with the ducts of the two seminal vesicles to form the

A

Ejaculatory duct which open in the prostatic urethra

109
Q

Small incision is made through the scrotal skin near the ducts and each vas is exposed, cut, and cauterized, the most common surgical method of male contracepton

A

Vasectomy

110
Q

Highly torturous tubes each about 15 cm long, unusual mucosa with folds that fill much of the lumen with simple or pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells rich in secretory granules, lamina propia with elastic fibers surround by smooth muscle making the 70% of the ejaculate

A

Seminal vesicles

111
Q

Major energy source for sperm as well as inositol, citrate, and other metabolites

A

Fructose

112
Q

Stimulate activity in the female reproductive tract part of secretion of seminal vesicles

A

Prostaglandins

113
Q

Allows semen to coagulate after ejaculation

A

Fibrinogen

114
Q

Percentage of seminal vesicles fluid in ejaculate

A

70%

115
Q

Dense organ that surround the urethra below the bladder weigh about 20 grams, collection of 30 to 50 tubuloacinar glands embedded in a dense fibromuscular stroma in which smooth muscle contracts ejaculation

A

Prostate gland

116
Q

Major zones around the prostatic urethra

A

Transition zone 5%
Central zone 25%
Peripheral zone 70%

117
Q

Occupies about 5% of the prostate volume, surround the superior portion of urethra and contains the periurethral mucosal glands

A

Transition zone

118
Q

Comprise 25% of the glands tissue and contains the periurethral submucosal glands with longer ducts

A

Central zone

119
Q

With about 70% of the organs tissue contains the prostate main glands with still longer duct

A

Peripheral zone

120
Q

A clinically important product of the prostate is…, that helps liquefy coagulated semen for the slow release of sperm after ejaculation

A

Prostate specific antigen PSA

121
Q

Small spherical concretions, 0.2 to 2 mm in diameter often partially calcified are normally present in the lumen of many prostatic tubuloacinar glands, containing primarily deposited glycoproteins and keratan sulfate

A

Corpora amylacea

122
Q

Three common problems of prostate gland

A

Chronic prostatitis involve bacteria or infectious agent
Nodular hyperplasia or benign prostatic hypertrophy occurring in periurethral mucosal glands with often leads to compression of urethra
Prostate cancer

123
Q

Prostate cancer occurs mainly in glands of the

A

Peripheral zone

124
Q

3-5mm in diameter, located in urogenital diaphragm and empty into the proximal part of the penile urethra, each gland have lobules with tubuloacinar secretory units surrounded by smooth muscle cells and line by a mucus secreting simple columnar epithelium that is also testosterone dependent

A

Bulbourethral glands or Cowper glands

125
Q

During erection Cowper glands release

A

Mucus-like secretion that coat and lubricates the urethra in preparation for the imminent passage sperm

126
Q

Erectile masses

A

Corpora cavernosa, are dorsal
Corpus spongiosum, surround the urethra
Glans

127
Q

Penile Urethra is lined with

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium in the glans becomes stratified squamous epithelium

128
Q

Small mucus-secreting are found along the length of penile urethra

A

Urethral glands

129
Q

The corpora cavernosa are each surrounded by a dense fibroelastic layer the

A

Tunica albuginea

130
Q

All three erectile tissues consist of many venous

A

Cavernous spaces line with endothelium and separated by trabeculae with smooth muscle and connective tissue continuous with the surrounding tunic

131
Q

Central arteries in the corpora cavernosa branch to form nutritive arterioles and small coiling

A

Helicine arteries which lead to the cavernous vascular spaces of erectile tissue

132
Q

Involves blood filling the cavernous spaces in the three masses of erectile tissue

A

Erection

133
Q

Erection is controlled by

A

Autonomic nerves in vascular walls, parasympathetic stimulation relaxes the trabecular smooth muscle and dilates the helicine arteries, this enlarges the corpora cavernosa and causes to compress the dorsal vein against the dense tunica albuginea which blocks the venous outflow and produce rigidity

134
Q

At ejaculation sympathetic stimulation.

A

Constrict the helicine arteries and trabecular muscle decrease blood flow into the space lowering the pressure

135
Q

At erection sympathetic nerves produce acetylcholine that causes the vascular endothelial cells of helicine arteries and cavernous tissue torealease

A

Nitric oxide NO diffuse into the surrounding smooth muscle cells and activates gaunylate cyclist to produce cGMP, which cause these cells to relax and promotes blood flow for erection

Histologia Junqueira's (24 decks)

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