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Histologia Junqueira's > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Celulas de la epidermis

A

Queratenocitos
Melanocitos
Celulas de Langerhans
Celulas de Merkel

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2
Q

Celula oval o cubica adherida a la lamina basal que conforme madura produce una proteina llamada queratina acumulándose dentro del citoplasma, una vez que llego al estrato más alto pierde sus organelas y el nucleo y lo único que queda es escamas de queratina

A

Queratenocitos

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3
Q

El más bajo y adherido a la lamina basal, mitoticamente activo, en esta estrato se acumula la melanina producida por el melanocito

A

Estrato basal

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4
Q

Estrato con el mayor número de capas o niveles llegando a tener de 6 a 8 niveles de Queratenocitos en una piel normal, son las que van a producir polipeptidos (desmoplaquina y desmogleinas) que forman los desmosomas dandole el aspecto espinoso, entre mas pegado al estrato basal es poligonal mientras madura se alarga hacia los lados

A

Estrato esponjoso

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5
Q

Formado por 1 a 3 niveles de Queratenocitos conteniendo granulos de queratohialina

A

Estrato granuloso

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6
Q

Está formado por múltiples capas de celulas poliedricas que se disponen en un patrón de canasta, estas celulas pierden sus nucleos y organelas citoplasmaticas y se componen por filamentos de queratina, se observa como una capa rosada y en donde hay piel gruesa como la planta de los pies y palmas

A

Estrato lucido o cornificado

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7
Q

Formado por todas las capas de queratina desprendidas por el estrato lucido que puede ser inexistente como en los párpados

A

Corneo

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8
Q

El proceso de queratenizacion en condiciones normales

A

20 a 45 días

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9
Q

Grosor del estrato lucido en las callosidades o plantas de los pies

A

1 cm

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10
Q

Celulas dendriticas que derivan de la cresta neural, se ven vaculadas en su citoplasma y se ubican en la capa basal de la epidermis con nucleo ovoide y producen melanina

A

Melanocitos

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11
Q

Diferentes tipos de melanina

A

Feomelanina cuando es rojo

Eumelanina Amarillo negruzco

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12
Q

Función principal de la melanina

A

Protección de los rayos UV

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13
Q

Personas que con defecto en la maquinaria enzimatica de la tirosinasa produciendo manchas blancas debido a la ausencia de Melanocitos

A

Vitiligo

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14
Q

La cantidad de Melanocitos

A

1 melanocitos por cada 10 queratinocitos

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15
Q

Celulas observables en los estratos espinoso y granuloso indistinguibles una de otra

A

Celulas de Merkel y Langerhans

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16
Q

Se encuentran siempre en la capa basal con Queratenocitos teñidos de melanina observables como raíces color café

A

Melanocitos

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17
Q

Función relacionada con el tacto, se localiza en los pulpejos, labios y cavidad oral de aspecto parecido a melanocito, se adhieren a Queratenocitos por desmosomas con una zona para nuclear densa formada por granulos formado por neuritas no mielinizadas

A

Celulas de Merkel

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18
Q

Celulas dendriticas derivadas de monocitos, parecido a melanocito pero con nucleo con muescas generalmente presente en estrato espinoso y puede presentar cuerpos alargados que en ocasiones uno de sus extremos se dilata dando aspecto de raqueta llamados cuerpos raquetoides o granulos de Birbeck

A

Celulas de langerhans

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19
Q

Marcador especial para Melanocitos

A

HMB 45

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20
Q

Anticuerpo para marcar celulas de Langerhans

A

CD1a

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21
Q

Anticuerpos para celulas de Merkel

A

Enolasa neurona especifica
Peptido intestinal vasoactivo
Encefalina

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22
Q

La piel se divide en tres capas principales

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hipodermis

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23
Q

The largest single organ of the body

A

Skin

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24
Q

Weight of the skin

A

15% to 20% of total weight body

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25
Skin surface of the external environment
1.5 to 2 m2
26
Origin of epidermis
Ectodermal
27
Origin of dermis
Mesoderm
28
At the irregular junction between the dermis and epidermis projection called
Dermal papillae
29
Dermal papillae interdigitate with invaginating
Epidermal ridges
30
Specific function of the skin
``` Protection Sensory Thermoregulatory Metabolic Sexual signaling ```
31
Cells of skin through the local action of UV light on the vitamins precursor, that need calcium metabolism and proper bone formation, they synthesized
Vitamin D
32
Excess electrolytes can be remove in
Sweat
33
Subcutaneous layer stores a significant amount of .... In form of fats
Energy
34
Dermal epidermal interdigitation forms ridges and grooves called
Dermatoglyphs, or fingerprint,
35
Thickness od the epidermal layer
75 to 150 micrometers for thin skin | 400 to 1400 micrometers or 1.4 mm for thick skin
36
Full skin on the back is about
4 mm
37
Join basal layer to the basal lamina by
Hemidesmosomes
38
The human epidermis is renewed about every
15 to 30 days
39
The cytoeskeletal keratins intermediate filaments about ... In diameter
10 nm
40
Is normal the thickest layer
Spinous layer
41
Percentage of all cancers originate in the skin
One third
42
Consist of 15 to 20 layers of squamous keratinized cells fill with keratins
Stratum corneum
43
Dense non membrane bound masses of filaggrin and other proteins
Keratohyaline granules
44
Keratocytes are typically produced and differentiate at accelerated rates causing at least slight thickening of the epidermal layers caused by overactive T lymphocytes that trigger An autoimmune reaction in the skin
Psoriasis
45
Factors that give color to skin
Melanin and carotene
46
Proportion of melanocytes
One melanocytes accumulate for every five or six basal keratinocytes 600 -1200 /mm2
47
Tyrosinase activity converts tyrosine into
3,4 dihydroxyphenilalanine DOPA
48
Melanin pigment is accumulated in granules called
Melanosomes
49
Melanosomes are transported vía .... To the tips of the cytoplasmatic extensions
Kinesin
50
Melanosomes are phagocytose by neighboring keratinocytes and transport by .... Toward their nuclei
Dynein
51
Melanin depot
Keratinocytes
52
One melanocytes ➕ keratinocytes where is transfer Melanosomes Make up
Epidermal melanin unit
53
The density of such unit skin is
Similar for all individuals
54
2-3 layers of anucleate dead cells seen only in thick skin
Stratum lucidum
55
Langerhans cells present,several layers of keratinocytes all joined by desmosomes
Stratum spinosum
56
Melanocytes and Merkel cells present
Basal layer
57
Compose of areolar or loose connective tissue and adipose connective tissue
Subcutaneous layer
58
Darkening of the skin, or tanning after exposure to solar radiation at wavelengths of ........ A physicochemical reaction darkens preexisting melanin
290 to 320 nm
59
Los lunares son crecimientos sobre la piel. Se producen cuando las células productoras de pigmento de la piel, llamadas melanocitos, crecen en grupos
Lunares
60
Numero de lunares que tiene una persona
La mayoría de las personas tiene entre 10 y 40 lunares.
61
Represent 2% to 8% of the epidermal cells
Langerhans cells
62
Are abundant in highly sensitive skin like fingertips and the basal of some hair folicles, essential for light touch sensation joined by desmosomes of the basal epidermal layer originate from stem cells as keratinocytes
Merkel cells
63
Are very aggressive and difficult to treat and is 40 times less common than malignant melanoma but twice the mortality of that disease
Merkel cells carcinomas
64
Stage of melanosome formation in which Accumulate of tyrosinase in vesicles and granular matrix proteins
Stage I Melanosomes
65
Stage of melanosome formation matrix has Been organized into parallel filaments
Stage II
66
Stage of melanosome formation melanin is deposited and accumulates
Stage III
67
Stage of melanosome formation has lost tyrosinase and other activities and has the internal matrix completely filled with melanin
Stage IV
68
Is a composite structure consisting of the basal lamina and the reticular lamina always occurs between the stratum basale and the dermis
Basement membrane
69
Abnormalities of the dermal epidermal juntion
Bullous pemphigoid
70
Includes the dermal papillae, consist of loose connective tissue with types I and III collagen fibers and achoring fibrils of type VII collagen insert in to the basal lamina helping to bind the dermis to the epidermis
Papillary layer
71
Two sublayers with indistinct boundaries rich network of blood and lymphatic vessels
Papillary layers | Reticular layers
72
Sublayer of dermis much thicker with dense connective tissue (collagen type I) with more fibers and elastic fibers abundant proteoglycans
Reticular layer
73
Capillary branches extend into the dermal papillae forming a rich nutritive capillary network just below the epidermis
Subpapilary plexus
74
Unencapsulated receptors includes
Merkel cells Free nerve ending Root hair plexuses
75
Associated with expanded nerve ending function as tonic receptors for sustain light touch and for sensitive objects texture
Merkel cells
76
In the papillary dermis and extended into lower epidermal layers which responds to high and low temperatures pain and itching and function as tactile receptor
Free ending receptors
77
Encapsulated receptors that are seen in routine preparations
Meissner corpuscles and lamellated (pacinan) corpuscles
78
Encapsulated receptors
Meissner corpuscles lamellated (pacinan) corpuscles Krause Ruffini
79
Loss of tactile corpuscles or reduction in their activity can also be detected in
Scleroderma
80
Elliptical structures 30 to 75 micrometers by 50 to 150 micrometers within Shwann cells arranged initiate impulses when light touch or low frequency stimuli declining after puberty
Meissner corpuscles
81
Large oval structures aproximately 0.5 mm by 1mm found deep in reticular dermis and hypodermis with An outer capsule and 15 -50 thin concentric lamellae of Shwann cells specialized for sensing coarse touch, pressure and vibration also located in organs like wall of rectum and urinary bladder producing sensation of pressure when is distored
Lamellated pacinian corpuscle
82
Simpler encapsulated with extremely thin collagen capsule penetrated by a sensory fiber primary found on the penis and clitoris when they sense low frequency vibrations
Krause end bulb
83
Have collagenous fusiform capsules with sensory stimulated by stretch (tension) or twisting (torque) in the skin
Ruffini corpuscles
84
Glabrous skin
``` Palms Soles, Lips Glans penis Clitoris And labia minora ```
85
The face hair has about
600 hairs/cm2
86
The remainder of the body has about
60/cm2
87
The growing hair follicle has a terminal dilation called a
Hair bulb
88
Inserts into the base of the hair bulb and contain a capillary network required to sustain the hair follicle
Dermal papilla
89
Melanocytes in the hair bulb transfer Melanosomes into the epithelial cells that will later differentiate to form
Hair
90
In most thick hairs large, vacuolated, and moderately keratinized cells form the central
Medulla
91
Densely packed cells Make un.... That surround the medulla
Cortex
92
Thin layer of heavily queratinized squamous cells covers the cortex
Cuticle
93
The outmost cells of the hair bulb are continous with epithelial root sheath
Internal and external root sheath
94
Completely surrounds the initial part of the hair root but degenerates above the level of the attached sebaceous glands
Internal root sheath
95
Extended all the way to the epidermis where it is continous with the basal and spinous layers
External root sheath
96
Separating the hair follicle from the dermis is An acellular Hyaline layer called
Glassy membrane
97
Hairs grow asynchronously, three major phases
Anagen Catagen Telogen
98
A generally long period of mitotic activity and growth of hair
Anagen
99
A brief period of arrested growth and regression of the hair bulb
Catagen
100
A finally long period of inactivity of hair
Telogen
101
Hair growth on the face and pubis is influenced by
Sex hormones, especially androgens and begins at puberty
102
Loss of hair a complex combinations of genetic and hormonal factors
Alopecia
103
Hard plates of keratin on the dorsal surface of distal phalanx
Nails
104
Proximal part of the nail is the
Nail root
105
Nail root is covered by a fold of skin from which the epidermal stratum corneum extend as the
Cuticle or eponychium
106
Is bound to a bed of epidemis the nail bed which contains only the basal and spinous epidermal layers
Nail plate
107
The nail root forms from the
Nail matrix
108
Continuous growth in nail matrix in fingernails at a rate
3 mm/mo
109
Continuous growth in nail matrix in toenails at a rate
1 mm/mo
110
The distal end of the plate becomes free of the nail bed at the epidermal fold called
Hyponychium
111
Average of glands per square centimeters of skin
100
112
In the face and scalp sebaceous glands per square centimeters of skin
400 - 900/cm2
113
A hair follicle and its sebaceous glands Make up a
Pilosebaceous unit
114
Hairless regions, in which sebaceous ducts open directly onto the epidermal surface
Penis Clitoris Eyelids Nipples
115
Acini of sebaceous glands are
Holocrine secretion
116
Flattened epithelial cells of holocrine glands on the basal lamina which proliferate and displace centrally called
Sebocytes
117
Is a complex mixture of lipids that are hydrolyzed by bacterial enzymes after secretion
Sebum
118
Sebaceous glands stimulated by
Testosterone men | Ovarian and adrenal androgens in women
119
Two types of Sweat glands
Apocrine and eccrine
120
Are the most numerous Sweat glands on the foot soles 620/cm2
Eccrine sweat glands
121
The secretory part of eccrine Sweat glands has epithelium
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
122
Three cell types on eccrine Sweat glands
Clear cells Dark cells Myoepithelial cells
123
Produce the Sweat and the interstitial fluid comes from the capillary rich dermis
Clear cells
124
Undergo merocrine secretion yo realease a poorly mixture of glycoprotein with bactericidal activity
Dark cells
125
Absorbs Na ions from secreted water to prevent excessive loss of this electrolytes
Ducts
126
Are largely confined to skin of the axilary and perineal regions, with much longer lumen, secretion in initially odorless but may acquire a distinctive odor as a result of bacterial activity and pheromones
Apocrine Sweat glands
127
When the Sweat is often salty
Cystic fibrosis

Histologia Junqueira's (24 decks)

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