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Histologia Junqueira's > The Cytoplasm > Flashcards

The Cytoplasm Flashcards

1
Q

Explanted to tissue culture cells of the inner call mass are called

A

Embryonic stem cells

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2
Q

The plasma membrane contains proteins called …. That linked to both cytoplasmatic protein filaments and ECM components

A

Integrins

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3
Q

Outer lipids known as glycolipids include oligosacarides chains that extend outward from the cell surface

A

Glycolipids

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4
Q

Membrane range from

A

7.5 to 10 nm

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5
Q

Are incorporated within the lipid bilayer itself

A

Integral proteins

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6
Q

Exhibit a looser association with one of the two membrane surfaces

A

Peripheral proteins

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7
Q

The polypeptide chains of many integral proteins span the membrane several times from one side to another called

A

Multipass transmembrane proteins

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8
Q

The lipid bilayer forms from amphipatic phospholipids stabilized by

A

Cholesterol

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9
Q

Transmembrane diffusion of water molecules by ósmosis involves their passive movements throught proteins called

A

Aquaporins

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10
Q

The three kind of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis , pinocitosis or fluid phase, trancytosis, receptor mediated

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11
Q

The occupied receptors associate with other proteins on the cytoplasmatic membrane surface and begin invagination as

A

Coated pits

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12
Q

The coated pits contain this polyptides

A

Clathrin

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13
Q

Protein secretion involving exocitosis may follow two pathways

A

Constitutive and regulated

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14
Q

Is use for products that are released from cells continuously as son as synthesis is complete

A

Constitutive secretion

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15
Q

Through this channel signals may pass directly from cell to cell without reaching the extracellular fluid

A

Gas junctions

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16
Q

The signals molecules call hormones are carried in the blood to target cells throughout the body

A

Endocrine signaling

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17
Q

The first zygotic cellular divisions produce cells called

A

Blastomeres

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18
Q

The chemical mediator are rapidly metabolized after release so that they act only on local cells very close the source

A

Paracrine signaling

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19
Q

Special kind of paracrine interaction neurotransmitters act only in adjacent cells

A

Synaptic signaling

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20
Q

Signal bind receptor on the same cell type that produced the messanger molecule

A

Autocrine signaling

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21
Q

Important in early embryonic tissue interactions, signaling molecules such as proteins remain part of a cell membrane and bind surface receptor of the target cells when the two cells Make direct phase al contact

A

Juxtacrine signaling

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22
Q

Hydrophilic signaling molecules are

A

Channel linked receptors, enzymatic receptors, G protein coupled receptor

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23
Q

Pseudohypoparathyroidism and dwarfism are diseases caused by

A

Defective receptors.

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24
Q

Are small electron dense particles about 20x30 nm in size composed by 4 segments of rRNA , have two subunits of different sizes and act to catalized the Process of protein translations

A

Ribosomes

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25
Q

Large ribosomal subunits come together by binding An mRNA to form

A

Polyribosomes or polysomes

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26
Q

Consist of saclike as well as parallel stacks of flattened cisternae and is limited by the outer membrane on the nucleous especialized for synthesis and segregation of proteins not disgned for the citosol

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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27
Q

Proteins to be processed through the RER contains initial ….. Which bind receptors

A

Signal peptides

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28
Q

New proteins that cannot be assemble properly by chaperones under go

A

Endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation

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29
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta cuasada por

A

Deficiencia en el colageno molecular

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30
Q

Membrana citoplasmatica de la celula, mosaico fluido llamado tambien

A

Plasmalemma

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31
Q

Especializaciones de la membrana formada por envaginciones cilindricas rodean una zona especializada del citoplasma donde se encuentran microfilamentos se le llama

A

Microvellosidades

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32
Q

Micro vellosidades cortas y rectas que se disponen apretadas y en paralelo según el eje celular originando un borde birrefrigerante y estriado llamado

A

Ribete en cepillo

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33
Q

El citoplasma apical de células con microvellosidades suele contener una red de

A

Red de filamentos intermedios pero sobre todo de microfilamentos que forman la trama terminal

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34
Q

Microvellosidades largas y flexibles de aspecto ondulado llamados

A

Estereocilios

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35
Q

Su función es aumentar la superficie de absorción para el transporte de sustancias

A

Microvellosidades

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36
Q

Porcentaje de colageno en el plasmalemma

A

30% y 70 % fósfolipidos

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37
Q

La bícapa lípidica es en su interior

A

Electrofobica y negativa

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38
Q

When cells are frozen are fractured called

A

Cryofracture

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39
Q

A mayor role of enzymes in the smooth endoplasmic recticulum is

A

Phospholipids synthesis

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40
Q

Denote a yellowish discoloration of the skin and is cause by accumulation in extracellular fluid of bilirubin and other pigmented compounds which are usually metabolized by SER

A

Jaundice o ictericia

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41
Q

Responsable of glycogen metabolism for processing Endogenous molecules such as components of bile

A

SER

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42
Q

His funtion is to sequester and ralease Ca and is name sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

SER

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43
Q

Completes posttranslational modifications of proteins synthesized in RER and then packages and adresses these proteins to proper destination

A

Aparto de golgi

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44
Q

Detoxifies drugs, alcohol and poisons

A

sER

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45
Q

Forms vesicles and peroxisomes

A

SER

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46
Q

Materials moves from the RER cisternae to the golgi aparatous in small, membrane enclosed carriers called

A

Transport vesicles

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47
Q

When cells are frozen are fractured called

A

Cryofracture

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48
Q

A mayor role of enzymes in the smooth endoplasmic recticulum is

A

Phospholipids synthesis

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49
Q

Denote a yellowish discoloration of the skin and is cause by accumulation in extracellular fluid of bilirubin and other pigmented compounds which are usually metabolized by SER

A

Jaundice o ictericia

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50
Q

Responsable of glycogen metabolism for processing Endogenous molecules such as components of bile

A

SER

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51
Q

His funtion is to sequester and ralease Ca and is name sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

SER

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52
Q

Completes posttranslational modifications of proteins synthesized in RER and then packages and adresses these proteins to proper destination

A

Aparto de golgi

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53
Q

Detoxifies drugs, alcohol and poisons

A

sER

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54
Q

Forms vesicles and peroxisomes

A

SER

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55
Q

Materials moves from the RER cisternae to the golgi aparatous in small, membrane enclosed carriers called

A

Transport vesicles

56
Q

Golgi receiving región

A

Cis face

57
Q

Foward movement of vesicles in the cis golgi network of sacules is promoted by the coat protein..

A

COP-II

58
Q

Retrograde movement in golgi is promoted by

A

Cop-1

59
Q

Other proteins involved in direct vesicle fusion include

A

Golgin which interacts with enzymes

60
Q

Secretory granules with dense contents of digestive enzymes are also referred to as

A

Zymogen granules

61
Q

Are sites of intracellular digestions and turnover of cellular components range in a diameter from .05 to .5 micrometers

A

Lysosomes

62
Q

pH intracelular de un lisisoma

A

5

63
Q

Las enzimas lisisosomicas son inactivadas a un pH de

A

7.2

64
Q

Indigestible material is retained within a small vacuolar remnant called

A

Residual body

65
Q

Disease cause by defects in one or more of the digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomal storage disorder

66
Q

Disease that his faulty enzymes is glucocerebrosidase and afect the liver and spleen

A

Gaucher

67
Q

Disease cause by a faulty enzyme alfa-L-iduronidase and affected skeleton and nervous system

A

Hurler syndrome MPS I

68
Q

Disease cause by muscle phosphorylase faulty and affect skeletal muscle

A

McArdle syndrome

69
Q

Two neurologic disorders caused initially by such proteins aggregates

A

Alzheimer and huntington

70
Q

Cause by a defective integral membrane protein needed for transport of very long chain fatty acids into the peroxisome for beta oxidation

A

Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy

71
Q

Deficiencies of peroxisomal enzymes cause

A

Zellweger syndrome

72
Q

Are spherical organelles enclosed by a single membrane and named for their enzymes producing and degrading hydrogen peroxide

A

Peroxisomes

73
Q

The cytoplasmic cytoskeleton is a complex array of

A

Microtubules, microfilamentos and intermediated filaments

74
Q

Tubular structures organized with heterodimers of alfa,beta tubulin,hollow tube with a wall of 13 parallel protofilaments with a + and - polarity

A

Microtubules

75
Q

Principal functions is to mantain cell’s shape and polarity provide tracks for organelle and chromosome movement move cilia and flagella

A

Microtubules

76
Q

Diameter of a microtubule

A

24nm - 25 nm

77
Q

The protein subunits of a microtubule is a heterodimer of

A

Alfa and beta tubulin

78
Q

Polymeralization of tubulins is directed by …. Which contain tubulin assemblies that act as nucleating sites

A

Microtubules organizing center MTOCs

79
Q

Energy in microtubule for assembly is derived from

A

GTP bound of tubulin

80
Q

The dominant MTOC in most somatic cells is the ….. Which is organized around two cylindrical centrioles, each about .2 micrometers diameter

A

Centrosome

81
Q

Is compose of nine highly organized microtubular triplets

A

Centrioles

82
Q

Motor protein that carry materials away from the MTOC near the nucleus toward the plus end of microtubules called anterograde transport

A

Kinesins

83
Q

Carry materials along microtubules in the oposite direction retrograde transport

A

Dyneins

84
Q

Inhibitory compounds used to study details of microtubule dynamics, this drugs include

A

Vinblastine, vincristine and paclitaxel

85
Q

Consist of pair of centrioles

A

Centrosome

86
Q

Actin filaments diameter

A

5nm - 7nm

87
Q

Actin filaments are composed of

A

Globular G actin assemblies in presence of K and Mg and filamentous F actin

88
Q

G- actin is added to preexisting filaments by the action of nucleation factors as

A

Formin

89
Q

In cells both the assembly and disassembly of subunits from F actin are promote by proteins such as

A

Profilin and cofilin

90
Q

G actin is concetrated near the cell membrane called

A

Cell cortex

91
Q

Actin filaments may be concentrated into parallel bundles called

A

Stress fibers

92
Q

Proteins of actin binding that helps severing and/or capping the end of actin are

A

Gelsolin and capZ

93
Q

Proteins of actin binding that helps cross linking

A

Filamin

94
Q

Proteins of actin binding that helps bundling

A

Alfa actinin

95
Q

Proteins of actin binding that helps linking f actin to membrane proteins and other cytoskeletal filaments

A

Spectrin

96
Q

Movement is usually toward the barbed + end but this protein is the only that moves in the other direction

A

Myosin VI

97
Q

Diameter of An intermediate filament

A

10nm

98
Q

Located in cells extensions like microvilli

A

Microfilamentos

99
Q

Contract and move cells and change cell shape and cytoplasmatic transport and streaming

A

Microfilments

100
Q

Are more stable of all. The cytoskeleton

A

Filamentos intermedios

101
Q

Protein in intermediated is the most common class III intermediate filament

A

Vimentin

102
Q

Form the subunits intermediate filaments in neurons

A

Glial fibrilar acidic protein

103
Q

Are transitory cytoplasmic components not enclosed by membrane

A

Inclusions

104
Q

Accumulation of lipids molecules perminent in adupocytes adrenal cortex cells, liver and other cells

A

Fat droplets

105
Q

Aggregates of the carbohydrates polo re in which glucose is stored are visible in liver cells and with PAS

A

Glycogen granules

106
Q

Yellowish Brown pigmented staining in many cells, especially in nondiving cells call wear and tear pigment

A

Lipofuscins

107
Q

Is a dense Brown aggregate of denatured ferritin proteins it occurs in phagocytic cells

A

Hemosiderin

108
Q

El complejo de unión está formado por

A

Zona de oclusion, zona de adherencia y desmosoma

109
Q

Tight junctions una zona de fusión de las hojas externas de los plasmalemas de células vecinas, la Unión más estrecha que existe

A

Zona de oclusion

110
Q

Anillo unitivo en todo el perímetro de una célula, no hay fusión membranal intercelular pero si hay paso de moléculas adherentes de una celula a otra

A

Zona de adherencia

111
Q

Punto de adherencia intercelular

A

Desmosoma

112
Q

Se sitúa en la zona apical formando un cinturón alrededor de la célula donde las caras externas se fusionan , sella el espacio intercelular.

A

Tight junctions o oclusion

113
Q

Se sitúa debajo de la zonula occludens y forma un cinturón perimetral , las superficies internas de ambas membranas muestran un depósito de material electrodenso en el que se anclan numerosos microfilamentos

A

Zona adherens

114
Q

Espacio de separación entre dos membranas

A

40nm

115
Q

Llamados mácula adherens

A

Desmosoma

116
Q

Presentan condensación de material electrodenso en su cara citoplasmatica a las cuales se anclan tonofilsmentos y en MO o espinas o puentes intercelulares en los epitelios de revestimiento planos estratificados

A

Desmosoma

117
Q

Unión nexo, placas en las membranas plasma ticas , estrechando el espacio intercelular pero sin fusión entre ellas

A

Gap junctions

118
Q

El espacio intercelular aparece ocupado por depósitos discretos de material electrodenso , permite el paso de sustancias.

A

4 nm

119
Q

Lamina rica en GAGs y glycoproteins que recubre superficie externa, sintetizado por golgi

A

Glucocalix

120
Q

Tiñe glucidos

A

PAS y rojo de rutenio

121
Q

Formados por invaginaciones ramificadas, de membrana apical hacia el interior de la célula, presentan superficie ondulada presente en células que transportan sales y iones

A

Canaliculos intracelulares

122
Q

Especializaciones móviles del plasmalema que rodea axonema que contiene microtubulos centrales y nueve dobles periféricos formados estos últimos microtubulos fusionados

A

Cilios

123
Q

contiene microtubulos centrales y nueve dobles periféricos formados estos últimos microtubulos fusionados con prolongaciones cortas de brazos de dineina

A

Axonema

124
Q

El axonema está anclado por su parte basal a un centriolo llamado

A

Cuerpo basal

125
Q

El par central del axonema se origina en

A

Placa basal del cilio

126
Q

Tienen estructura de los cilios pero son largos y recorrido ondulante

A

Flagelo

127
Q

Se encuentran en membrana basal en contacto con la lamina basal , corresponde a estructura de medio desmosoma

A

Hemidesmosoma

128
Q

Miden 24 nm de diámetro

A

Microtubules

129
Q

Formado por 13 protofilamentos de tubulina alfa y beta

A

Microtubules

130
Q

Tienen en su interior 10 pares dé microtubulos con un par de microtubulos en el centro separados 40 a 80nm y nueve pares rodeando al par central

A

Cilios

131
Q

Polimeros de alfa actinina con un diámetro de 4nm

A

Microfilamentos

132
Q

Sitio de anclaje del citoesqueleto que le da rigidez y soporte mecánico a las microvellosidades

A

Trama terminal

133
Q

Promotores de la fagocitosis se llaman

A

Opsoninas

134
Q

Todos los macrofagos derivan del

A

Monocito

135
Q

Miden 11nm de diámetro

A

Filamentos intermedios

136
Q

6 variedades de filamentos intermedios son

A

Citoqueratina, desmina, lamina(envoltura nuclear), neurofilamentos, proteins gliofibrilar ácida,vimentina (embrion)

Histologia Junqueira's (24 decks)

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