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Histologia Junqueira's > Adipose Tissue > Flashcards

Adipose Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Adipose tissue normally representa

A

15% to 20%

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2
Q

Celula estructural que forma al tejido adiposo

A

Adipocito

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3
Q

Acumula triglicéridos, fósfolipidos y colesterol principalmente en su citoplasma

A

Adipocito

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4
Q

En el estroma del tejido adiposo se encuentra

A

Tejido conjuntivo reticular y vasos capilares

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5
Q

Los adipocitos acumulan las grasas en su citoplasma en forma de

A

Gotas o inclusiones es decir no rodeadas por membrana celular

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6
Q

Los lípidos no se fijan adecuadamente y se disuelven en disolventes orgánicos utilizados para deshidratación como

A

Chileno y alcohol

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7
Q

Para fijar la estructura de los adipocitos se debe utilizar fijadores específicos como

A

Osmio o bien por congelación de tejido

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8
Q

La tincion para los lípidos para microscópia óptica requiere el uso de colorantes liposolubles como

A

Sudanes o el rojo O al aceite

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9
Q

Dos variedades de tejido adiposo

A

Tejido adiposo unilocular y multilocular

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10
Q

Constituido por adipocitos con una sola cavidad, los cuales pueden aparecer dispersos En cualquier parte del cuerpo que contenga TC reticular o laxo,

A

Tejido adiposo unilocular

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11
Q

El parenquima del tejido adiposo unilocular está formado por

A

TC laxo o reticular

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12
Q

El estroma del tejido adiposo unilocular está formado

A

TC reticular y abundantes capilares sanguíneos

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13
Q

Diámetro de los adipocitos maduros cuyo citoplasma esta ocupado por una gota de grasa

A

100 micrómetros

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14
Q

Forma del adipocitos uniloculares

A

Anillo de sello, un delgado anillo periférico a la gota de grasa y el nucleo se sitúa en la esquina del mismo

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15
Q

Rodean a cada adipocito formando una cesta a su alrededor

A

Fibras de reticulina

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16
Q

Puede observarse con claridad el aspecto de las gotas de grasa que aparecen homogéneas y oscuras debido a la presencia de

A

Osmio

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17
Q

El tejido adiposo unilocular se encuentra en

A

Masas discretas (cuerpos grasos) , gras subcutánea( hipodermis), tejido adiposo retroperitoneal y mesenterios

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18
Q

Esta variedad de tejido adiposo esta especializada en acumular grasa que actúa como sustancia de reserva de forma que en la fase de ingesta el exceso energético (glucosa y lípidos) que pasan por la sangre son acumulados en

A

Tejido adiposo unilocular

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19
Q

Forma de liberación de reservas lípidicas

A

Glicerol y ácidos grasos

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20
Q

Adipocito con forma poligonal y un tamaño de 50 micrómetros que se caracteriza por contener pequeñas gotas de grasa en su citoplasma y el núcleo ocupa una posición central

A

Tejido adiposo plurilocular

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21
Q

Citoplasma presenta aspecto espumoso con zonas acidofilas con acumulos de retículo liso y mitocondrias

A

Tejido adiposo plurilocular

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22
Q

Tejido adiposo unilocular está bajo control

A

Hormonal

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23
Q

Presente en periodos neonatal , con función termogenica, y muestran una localización restringida

A

Tejido adiposo Pardo o plurilocular

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24
Q

Recuerdan a las glándulas pluricelulares por la disposición en lóbulos y lobulillos y escasos espacios intercelulares

A

Tejido adiposo Pardo

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25
Q

Se le denomina epitelioide

A

Tejido adiposo plurilocular

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26
Q

Especializados en la producción de calor a partir de la oxidación mitocondrial de los derivados de las grasas

A

Tejido adiposo Pardo

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27
Q

Desacoplamiento del proceso de la fosforilacion oxidativa en las mitocondrias y la energía se disipa en forma de calor protegiendo de la hipotermia regulando la temperatura corporal

A

Termo génesis

28
Q

Caloric density of triglycerides

A

9.3 kcal/g

29
Q

The most eficient nutrient storage

A

Triglycerides

30
Q

Adipocytes respond to

A

Nervous and hormonal stimuli

31
Q

The more common type

A

White adipose tissue

32
Q

Diameter of cells of white adipose tissue

A

50 to 150 micrometers diameter

33
Q

Unilocular adipocytes can generate benign tumors that are common called

A

Lipomas

34
Q

Malignant adipose tumors

A

Liposarcomas

35
Q

Fetal Lipomas of brown fat are sometimes called

A

Hibernomas

36
Q

In white adipose cells the lipid droplet Cytoplasm interface is reinforced by intermediate filaments of

A

Vimentin

37
Q

The color of white adipose tissue depends on

A

The diet, amount of carotenoids dissolved in lipids

38
Q

Triglycerides stored by cells of white adipose tissue can be derived from dietary fats brought to adipocytes as circulating

A

Chylomicrons

39
Q

Particles up to 1200 nm in diameter form in intestinal epithelial cells and transported in blood plasma and lymph

A

Chylomicrons

40
Q

Consist of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol esters, surrounded by apolipoproteins

A

Chylomicrons

41
Q

In adipose tissue both Chylomicrons and VLDL are hydrolyzed at the luminal surfaces of blood capillaries by

A

Lipoproteins lipase

42
Q

An enzyme synthesized by adipocyte and transferred to the capillary cell membrane

A

Protein lipase

43
Q

Synthesis by adipocytes of fatty acids from glucose is accelerated by , which also stimulates the uptake of glucose into adipocytes and increases the synthesis of lipoprotein lipase

A

Insulin

44
Q

Released by postganglionic sympathetic nerves in adipose tissue

A

Norepinephrine

45
Q

Norepinephrine Released by postganglionic sympathetic nerves in adipose tissue activates

A

Hormone sensitive lipase

46
Q

Breaks down triglycerides at the surface of the stored lipid droplets

A

Hormone sensitive lipase

47
Q

The free fatty acids diffuse across the membranes of the adipocytes and the capillary endothelium and bind the carrier protein… In blood for transport throughout the body

A

Albumin

48
Q

The more water soluble glycerol remains free and is Taken up by the

A

Liver

49
Q

Inhibits the hormone sensitive lipase, reducing fatty acid realease and also stimulates enzymes for lipids synthesis.

A

Insulin

50
Q

Promote triglycerides breakdown and release of fatty acids

A

Glucagon and growth hormone

51
Q

Adipocytes are the Sole source of the 16kDa polypeptide hormone called

A

Leptin

52
Q

Satiety factor , regulate the apetite under normal conditions and participates in regulating the formation of new adipose tissue

A

Leptin

53
Q

Locations of adipose tissue that resist long period of starvation

A

Palms, soles and retro orbital

54
Q

Most unilocular adipocytes lose nearly all their fat and become polyhedral or spindle-shaped with very small lipid droplets

A

Starvation

55
Q

White adipose tissue begin to accumulate at the week

A

30 week of gestation

56
Q

Adipocytes can differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells throughout life , adult-onset obesity Mainly involves increase size of existing adipocytes

A

Hypertrophic obesity

57
Q

Involves increase in both adipocyte size and Numbers due to differentiation of more preadipocytes from mesenchymal stem cells

A

Hyperplastic obesity

58
Q

Brown adipose tissue constituted

A

2 % to 5% of newborn body weight

59
Q

Located Brown adipose tissue in

A

Back, neck, and shoulders

60
Q

In adults brown adipose tissue is usually in

A

Kidney, adrenal glands , aorta, and mediastinum

61
Q

The color of brown adipose tissue is because

A

Abundant mitochondria containing cytochrome pigment and blood capillaries in this tissue

62
Q

Nuclei orientation in brown adipose tissue

A

Centrally located

63
Q

Cells of Brown adipose tissue receive direct

A

Sympathetic innervation

64
Q

Nerve impulse liberate to adipose brown tissue

A

Norepinephrine

65
Q

Mitochondria in Brown adipose tissue have in their inner membrane much greater levels of transmembrane protein called

A

Thermogenin or uncoupling protein (UCP-1)

66
Q

Permits the backflow of protons previously transported to the intermembranous space without passing through the ATP synthetase complexes

A

Thermogenin

Histologia Junqueira's (24 decks)

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