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345A > the new and weird > Flashcards

the new and weird Flashcards

1
Q

what is a synthetic

A

Synthetics are purified/chemical derivatives from original

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2
Q

are synthetics worse for you

A

not necessarily they have a “natural origin”

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3
Q

is vanilla extract natural

A

no synthetic

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4
Q

what’s the difference between a medication and a supplement

A

why you are using it

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5
Q

what are individual differences in synthetics

A

some people react to things

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6
Q

do analogs (chemicals like other things) have similar effects

A

might but could have Dif effects

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7
Q

what 4 things influence the effects of synthetics

A

Medication vs. Supplements, Individual differences, Dosage, analogues

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8
Q

are new drugs really new

A

“new” drugs are more-of-the-same

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9
Q

what causes the “new” selling of drugs 4

A

Fads, cheap production, neurochemical restriction, cultural practice

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10
Q

are marketed products all tested

A

Marketed products are not necessarily tested, tested correctly, or apply to humans

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11
Q

3 problems around marketing drugs

A

Commercial names, FDA regulations, Business and Economics

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12
Q

… is active ingredient in gravol and other antineasea meds

A

Scopolamine (Hyoscine)

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13
Q

what system does Scopolamine target and antagonise

A

Ach

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14
Q

what receptors in particular does Scopolamine target

A

Muscarinic receptors

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15
Q

how does scopolamine effects change at small or large doses

A

Small dose: Anti-nauseant – Large dose: “Hallucinations”

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16
Q

what is the debate with scopolamine hallucinogens

A

@ high doses it knocks people out: delirium or memory-related deficit?

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17
Q

“Deadly Nightshade” drug name

A

Solanine/ Solanidine

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18
Q

what is Solanine/Solanidine Synthesized from …

A

Solanacae

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19
Q

what causes Hal from deadly nightshade

A

delirium

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20
Q

Burundanga street name

A

devils breath

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21
Q

the toxicity in Burundanga has what effects related to toxicity 4

A

disorientation, memory loss, unconsciousness, hallucination

22
Q

what is burundanga used as

A

rape drug: Incapacitation as compliance and “suggestibility”

23
Q

what is Burundanga

A

a steroid

24
Q

T: a fraction of a dose required to have a drug-induced

(psychedelic) experience

A

micro dosing

25
Q

during micro dosing a drug mean its not effective

A

f still is just no subjective effects not (ability to realize your on the influence)

26
Q

macrodosing means you think and aren’t actually under the influence of drugs

A

f you think you aren’t but you are

27
Q

what is the difference between potency and efficacy and how is this confused in macrodosing

A

potency: likelihood for something to occur
efficacy: how many people found it effective based dosage you gave
just because you changed potency doesn’t mean you changed efficacy

28
Q

how do set and setting influence microdising

A

lower doses= better trip

similar effects with less intensity

29
Q

in micro dosing … behaviours re-interpreted as effectiveness when you go off micro dosing

A

Withdrawal

30
Q

microdosing Investigated in treatment regimes, now being used as …….” and coping mechanisms.

A

daily enhancers

31
Q

microdosing is Superimposed on non-psychedelics like …2

A

Marijuana, Stimulants

32
Q

what do all of the macrodosing benefits relate to

A

anxiety and depression alleviation

33
Q

the “macrodosing challenges” are really

A

tolerance and withdrawl effects (just slowly)

34
Q

are their improvements in mood, anxiety and other benefits when substance not in body

A

don’t know hasn’t been studied

35
Q

supplements are not FDA regulated

A

yes

36
Q

what does the FDA do to regulate supplements

A

“FDA is responsible for taking action against any adulterated or misbranded dietary supplement product AFTER it reaches the market.”= actually a complaint board

37
Q

the FDA reviews supplements before they reach the market

A

f FDA is not authorized to review dietary supplement products for safety and effectiveness before they are marketed

38
Q

do supplements fall under food or medication category

A

neither

39
Q

supplements rely on what kind of testing

A

restricted testing= mice vs humans

40
Q

does professional endorsement mean medical

A

no could be midwives, chiropractors

41
Q

3 common tactics in marketing

A
  1. misnaming
  2. precursors or metabolites
  3. potentiators or inhibitors
42
Q

what version of a drug name will marketers use

A

use popular version of name to mask a chemical trade vs generic

43
Q

what is another way marketers misname

A

Using Patented “blend names” • E.g. “power blend” instead of ???

44
Q

marketers may put L-dopa,L-tryptophan metabolite instead of active drug why?

A

get around legal restrictions= same rewarding effects

45
Q

when labeled “caffeinefree” but they add theobromine (Precursors or metabolites) why are they doing this

A

Avoiding stigma/tricking consumers

46
Q

how do marketers avoid legal responsibility if things go wrong with their product

A

add traces so they don’t get nailed if it happens to you (they tell you not to exceed on label so its not their fault)

47
Q

grapefruitjuice,Taurine,StJohn’sWort are examples of what common marketing tactic

A

potentiators and inhibitors

48
Q

4 ways to spot pseudo science tactics

A
  1. Reference or call-out to “traditional” or ethnic “medicines”
  2. Non-specificbenefits
  3. (mis)use of non-protected terminology 4. Warning/legalinformation
49
Q

what are examples of non protected terms

A

nutritonist not diatistionist

psychologist not psychiatrist is

50
Q

4 problems with science-y claims

A
  1. Excessive scientific claims
  2. Difficult to follow citations (number
    system)
  3. Unverifiableinformation(i.e.“in- house” testing)
  4. Misdirection
51
Q

e.g of excessive scientific claim

A

“cure all”

52
Q

example of misdirection in science-y claim

A

“drug free”

345A (20 decks)

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