the new and weird Flashcards
what is a synthetic
Synthetics are purified/chemical derivatives from original
are synthetics worse for you
not necessarily they have a “natural origin”
is vanilla extract natural
no synthetic
what’s the difference between a medication and a supplement
why you are using it
what are individual differences in synthetics
some people react to things
do analogs (chemicals like other things) have similar effects
might but could have Dif effects
what 4 things influence the effects of synthetics
Medication vs. Supplements, Individual differences, Dosage, analogues
are new drugs really new
“new” drugs are more-of-the-same
what causes the “new” selling of drugs 4
Fads, cheap production, neurochemical restriction, cultural practice
are marketed products all tested
Marketed products are not necessarily tested, tested correctly, or apply to humans
3 problems around marketing drugs
Commercial names, FDA regulations, Business and Economics
… is active ingredient in gravol and other antineasea meds
Scopolamine (Hyoscine)
what system does Scopolamine target and antagonise
Ach
what receptors in particular does Scopolamine target
Muscarinic receptors
how does scopolamine effects change at small or large doses
Small dose: Anti-nauseant – Large dose: “Hallucinations”
what is the debate with scopolamine hallucinogens
@ high doses it knocks people out: delirium or memory-related deficit?
“Deadly Nightshade” drug name
Solanine/ Solanidine
what is Solanine/Solanidine Synthesized from …
Solanacae
what causes Hal from deadly nightshade
delirium
Burundanga street name
devils breath
the toxicity in Burundanga has what effects related to toxicity 4
disorientation, memory loss, unconsciousness, hallucination
what is burundanga used as
rape drug: Incapacitation as compliance and “suggestibility”
what is Burundanga
a steroid
T: a fraction of a dose required to have a drug-induced
(psychedelic) experience
micro dosing
during micro dosing a drug mean its not effective
f still is just no subjective effects not (ability to realize your on the influence)
macrodosing means you think and aren’t actually under the influence of drugs
f you think you aren’t but you are
what is the difference between potency and efficacy and how is this confused in macrodosing
potency: likelihood for something to occur
efficacy: how many people found it effective based dosage you gave
just because you changed potency doesn’t mean you changed efficacy
how do set and setting influence microdising
lower doses= better trip
similar effects with less intensity
in micro dosing … behaviours re-interpreted as effectiveness when you go off micro dosing
Withdrawal
microdosing Investigated in treatment regimes, now being used as …….” and coping mechanisms.
daily enhancers
microdosing is Superimposed on non-psychedelics like …2
Marijuana, Stimulants
what do all of the macrodosing benefits relate to
anxiety and depression alleviation
the “macrodosing challenges” are really
tolerance and withdrawl effects (just slowly)
are their improvements in mood, anxiety and other benefits when substance not in body
don’t know hasn’t been studied
supplements are not FDA regulated
yes
what does the FDA do to regulate supplements
“FDA is responsible for taking action against any adulterated or misbranded dietary supplement product AFTER it reaches the market.”= actually a complaint board
the FDA reviews supplements before they reach the market
f FDA is not authorized to review dietary supplement products for safety and effectiveness before they are marketed
do supplements fall under food or medication category
neither
supplements rely on what kind of testing
restricted testing= mice vs humans
does professional endorsement mean medical
no could be midwives, chiropractors
3 common tactics in marketing
- misnaming
- precursors or metabolites
- potentiators or inhibitors
what version of a drug name will marketers use
use popular version of name to mask a chemical trade vs generic
what is another way marketers misname
Using Patented “blend names” • E.g. “power blend” instead of ???
marketers may put L-dopa,L-tryptophan metabolite instead of active drug why?
get around legal restrictions= same rewarding effects
when labeled “caffeinefree” but they add theobromine (Precursors or metabolites) why are they doing this
Avoiding stigma/tricking consumers
how do marketers avoid legal responsibility if things go wrong with their product
add traces so they don’t get nailed if it happens to you (they tell you not to exceed on label so its not their fault)
grapefruitjuice,Taurine,StJohn’sWort are examples of what common marketing tactic
potentiators and inhibitors
4 ways to spot pseudo science tactics
- Reference or call-out to “traditional” or ethnic “medicines”
- Non-specificbenefits
- (mis)use of non-protected terminology 4. Warning/legalinformation
what are examples of non protected terms
nutritonist not diatistionist
psychologist not psychiatrist is
4 problems with science-y claims
- Excessive scientific claims
- Difficult to follow citations (number
system) - Unverifiableinformation(i.e.“in- house” testing)
- Misdirection
e.g of excessive scientific claim
“cure all”
example of misdirection in science-y claim
“drug free”
