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345A > Hallucination: DMT Nov 8th > Flashcards

Hallucination: DMT Nov 8th Flashcards

1
Q

full name for DMT

A

Dimethyltryptamine

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2
Q

street name for dimethyltryptamine

A

DMT, “businessman’s LSD” (could take a lunchbreak)

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3
Q

DMT is more potent and therefore more effective than LSD

A

f more potent but not more effective

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4
Q

how long onset? how long does it last?

A

15m onset, 1h duration

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5
Q

is DMT natural

A

Alkaloid found in tree bark (mimosa hostilis)

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6
Q

what family of drugs does it belong to

A

Tryptamine Family (tryptophan)

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7
Q

what is tryptophan

A

molecule in turkey that makes you tired

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8
Q

what is DMT structually similar to

A

Structurally similar to Serotonin (indole)

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9
Q

for DMT does structure determine function

A

the structure Impliessimilartransportandenzymaticfunctions but doesnt functionally act like seretonin

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10
Q

why is knowing the structure of the molecule important to understanding

A

important to understand how to facilitate or suppress activation

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11
Q

what is DMT functionally similar to

A

psilocybin (due to receptors it targets)

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12
Q

what does functional similarity help us understand

A

effects and similar mechanism of action

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13
Q

what does structural similarity to seretonin help us understnad

A

how to facilitate or suppress activation

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14
Q

T relationship between a chemical’s structure and biological activity

A

structure activity relationship

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15
Q

according to the structure activity relationship Modification (of structure) allows for changes in … or …

A

effectiveness or potency

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16
Q

is the structure the exact same as psilocybin

A

no slight difference leads to qualitativly extremely different experience

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17
Q

is DMT and psilocybin Endemic to human body/function? (what system endogenous to us that is effected by these chemicals)

A
  1. present in other animals
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18
Q

where is analog chemical released

A

rat and rhesus monkey pineal gland but no evidene of such chemical in the human body

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19
Q

support for endogenous function:… are naturally synthesized into Serotonin

A

Tryptamines

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20
Q

2) … are naturally synthesized into Serotonin

A

Tryptamines

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21
Q

Tryptamines are naturally synthesized into Serotonin supports endemic explaination but what is the problem with this

A

Enzyme responsible for DMT synthesis is found in humans, but… • Not in the brain (only in the body)

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22
Q

the enzyme responsible for DMT synthesis might not be found in the brain but mRNA for enzyme has been found in the brain

A

f has not been found in brain

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23
Q

what is the debate with endemic DMT?

A

Potential immune (stress) response signal?

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24
Q

what is the speculation about the endogenous system of DMT

A

pineal gland and near-death experience (same elation that occurs in near death but why is it facilitative to have someone head toward the light from evolutionary perspective

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25
Q

do we have a system set up for DMT

A

cant say with current findings

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26
Q

what is the relationship between cancerous cells and DMT

A

Synthesis in (cancerous) human cells observed in laboratory settings (they have receptors for DMT in cancer cells)

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27
Q

how does DMT influence immune system

A

facilitates the immune response (canbe used. on HIV? immunosuppression?)

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28
Q

how is DMT effected by first pass

A

Greatly susceptible to enzymatic metabolism

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29
Q

DMT Facilitation of immune response on … receptors

A

endemic

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30
Q

what is the problem with Facilitation of immune response on endemic receptors

A

treatment does not imply endemic origin

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31
Q

what does DMT do thats similar to other hal?

A

agonist of seretonin 5HT2a

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32
Q

what does DMT do thats different than other hal?

A

also effects dopamine

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33
Q

since DMT effects dopaine is it associated with addictions?

A

no not d1 and d2 but sigma1 receptor

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34
Q

what is dopamine sigma 1 receptor associated with

A

related to sensations

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35
Q

where is the sigma 1 receptor found

A

the insula

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36
Q

DMT is a SNDRA what does this mean

A

Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent

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37
Q

2 sites of action for dopamine?

A

amygdala and insula

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38
Q

what does stage 1 of dopamine agonism from DMT cause (what effect?)

A

auditory hallucinations
• crackling/extending tone that increases in
volume and pitch

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39
Q

what does stage 2 of dopamine agonism from DMT cause (what effect?)

A

Feels like being in a waiting room: suspense

40
Q

is the waiting room experienced physically and psychologically

A

physical fear response= increased heart rate

Psychological “startle” response (slow-motion, waiting, loss of time)

41
Q

what NT is in stage 3

A

seretonin

42
Q

where does seretonin stage 3 occur

A

PFC

43
Q

what 2 seretonin receptors

A

(5-HT2A, 5-HT2C)

44
Q

what do we know 5HT 2a is involved in from LSD

A

visual halluciations

45
Q

what is 5HT2c agonism effect

A

very specific illusion: “DMT Hyperspace” “Other side”= “Machine Elves”

46
Q

do they communicate with the machine elves

A

yes (not saying anything but I can understand them)

47
Q

T: presence of humanoid-like, half organic half technological beings

A

machine elves

48
Q

how do we usually expect DMT to be intook

A

synthesized tab

49
Q

T: version of powerdered DMT bark

A

snuff or Virola

50
Q

2 intake methods?

A

inhalation and injection

51
Q

can it be ingested

A

yes but MAO breaks all the active ingredients down

52
Q

where does MAO break down DMT when consumed orally

A

deactivates/breaks down DMT molecule in Liver

53
Q

how can you have a DMT trip orally then?

A

ayahuasca

54
Q

T: brew which includes plant-derived DMT, and

harmine/ harmaline/ tetrahydroharmine

A

ayahuasca

55
Q

Aya contains DMT and one of 3

A

haramine/ harmaline/ tetrahydroharamine (basicallys MAOI)

56
Q

is a DMT or Aya trip longer

A

aya = 3-6 hours

57
Q

aya has a similar experience to … but more intense

A

psilocybin

58
Q

is aya more intense than LSD

A

no less then LSD but may include synasthesia

59
Q

side effect of aya?

A

intense vomiting/diarrhea

60
Q

T: intense vomiting/diarrhea

A

la purga

61
Q

what causes la purga

A

toxicity or from other things in the brew (stress response)

62
Q

is there any dietary restriction after taking aya due to effects on MAO enzymes

A

no only acts on MAO-A

63
Q

aya is a chemical

A

f DMT is aya is the brew

64
Q

LSD and mescaline does what to 5HT2A receptors

A

decreases

65
Q

what happens to 5HT2A with DMT

A

no decrease= no tolerance

66
Q

why is there no receptor down regulation with DMT

A

length of time receptor is occupied (LSD long duration of action DMT shorter acting= tolerance in response to how long receptor is activated) body removes from cell surface sp they can’t be stimulated

67
Q

is there tolerance in DMT

A

might be acute or none

68
Q

what supports that there is no tolerance

A

lack of cross tolerance

69
Q

in DMT the ….may interfere with perception of tolerance

A

Cycle of “high”

70
Q

if you drop DMT then do LSD what will happen

A

you’ll still have all the effects of LSD

71
Q

if you do LSD then drop DMT what will happen

A

you will not feel the DMT = DMT is less potent maybe also not strong enough to cause tolerance

72
Q

is seretonin system prone to down regulation

A

NO DOES NOT LIKE TO DOWNREG

73
Q

Any physical depednace with DMT

A

no

74
Q

and psychological dep with DMT

A

in question Ayahuasca presents negative side-effects and religious
connotation but might find comfort with elves

75
Q

is there any DMT addiction potential

A

no

76
Q

T: Compared 40 ayahausca-sect adolescence and 40 age-, sex-, and education- and psychiatric symptomatology-matched controls

A

the Hoasca Project

77
Q

what were the results of the Hoasca project

A

Ayahuasca-sect adolescence had 7x lower incidence of

anxiety, body dysmorphism, and attention problems

78
Q

Low frequencies of psychiatric symptoms detected among adolescents consuming ayahuasca within a religious context may reflect a protective effect due to …

A

their religious affiliation (safe within a certain connotation)

79
Q

DMT has therepudic uses in what type of therapy

A

Insight oriented psychotherapy

80
Q

what areas of the brain does aya trigger

A

amygdala and PFC and insula

81
Q

T: perceive reason and make decision

A

PFC

82
Q

T: storehouse for early emotional memories

A

amygdala

83
Q

T: bridge between emotional impulses and decision= where healing states generated making

A

Insula

84
Q

why are traumas rooted in our brains

A

patterns in connections and reinforced by neural networks

85
Q

how does ayauwaska effect ingrained patterns

A

hyperactivates entire brain region where we store and process emotional memory = enables conscious part of brain to override old patterns allowing new connections

86
Q

schematizing

A

retell stories again and again

87
Q

what do they usually give when people are retelling their stories

A

repynolol = blood pressure reducer

88
Q

what is the point of giving people repynolol when telling traumatic stories

A

stunts emotion component allows them to cognitively asses the situation

89
Q

3 thing DMT is used to treat through its cognitive and behavioural restructuring

A

PTSD, phobia, anxiety

90
Q

is using DMT for treatment meant to cognitively or behaviourally restructure

A

both

91
Q

T: cognitive restructuring based on logic

A

rationalization

92
Q

2 thought DMT treats through providing therepudic insight

A

depression and addiction (remove Fears, beliefs, motives, desires that they were at fault are are still unsafe)

93
Q

what the difference between affect and emotions

A

emotions is subjective affect is approach avoid= motivational

94
Q

emotions/cognitions: which part of brain that DMT effects

A

insula

95
Q

Affect - negative which part of brain that DMT effects

A

amygdala

96
Q

DMT allows one to not experience the hard emotions of trauma

A

f do feel then do to amygdala but decouples it from emotions and Elicits multiplicity of perspectives/perceptions

97
Q

DMT Hyperactivation allows for … synapse to form which allows for New/learned interpretation generally positive

A

Hebbian

345A (20 decks)

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