Hallucination: DMT Nov 8th Flashcards
full name for DMT
Dimethyltryptamine
street name for dimethyltryptamine
DMT, “businessman’s LSD” (could take a lunchbreak)
DMT is more potent and therefore more effective than LSD
f more potent but not more effective
how long onset? how long does it last?
15m onset, 1h duration
is DMT natural
Alkaloid found in tree bark (mimosa hostilis)
what family of drugs does it belong to
Tryptamine Family (tryptophan)
what is tryptophan
molecule in turkey that makes you tired
what is DMT structually similar to
Structurally similar to Serotonin (indole)
for DMT does structure determine function
the structure Impliessimilartransportandenzymaticfunctions but doesnt functionally act like seretonin
why is knowing the structure of the molecule important to understanding
important to understand how to facilitate or suppress activation
what is DMT functionally similar to
psilocybin (due to receptors it targets)
what does functional similarity help us understand
effects and similar mechanism of action
what does structural similarity to seretonin help us understnad
how to facilitate or suppress activation
T relationship between a chemical’s structure and biological activity
structure activity relationship
according to the structure activity relationship Modification (of structure) allows for changes in … or …
effectiveness or potency
is the structure the exact same as psilocybin
no slight difference leads to qualitativly extremely different experience
is DMT and psilocybin Endemic to human body/function? (what system endogenous to us that is effected by these chemicals)
- present in other animals
where is analog chemical released
rat and rhesus monkey pineal gland but no evidene of such chemical in the human body
support for endogenous function:… are naturally synthesized into Serotonin
Tryptamines
2) … are naturally synthesized into Serotonin
Tryptamines
Tryptamines are naturally synthesized into Serotonin supports endemic explaination but what is the problem with this
Enzyme responsible for DMT synthesis is found in humans, but… • Not in the brain (only in the body)
the enzyme responsible for DMT synthesis might not be found in the brain but mRNA for enzyme has been found in the brain
f has not been found in brain
what is the debate with endemic DMT?
Potential immune (stress) response signal?
what is the speculation about the endogenous system of DMT
pineal gland and near-death experience (same elation that occurs in near death but why is it facilitative to have someone head toward the light from evolutionary perspective
do we have a system set up for DMT
cant say with current findings
what is the relationship between cancerous cells and DMT
Synthesis in (cancerous) human cells observed in laboratory settings (they have receptors for DMT in cancer cells)
how does DMT influence immune system
facilitates the immune response (canbe used. on HIV? immunosuppression?)
how is DMT effected by first pass
Greatly susceptible to enzymatic metabolism
DMT Facilitation of immune response on … receptors
endemic
what is the problem with Facilitation of immune response on endemic receptors
treatment does not imply endemic origin
what does DMT do thats similar to other hal?
agonist of seretonin 5HT2a
what does DMT do thats different than other hal?
also effects dopamine
since DMT effects dopaine is it associated with addictions?
no not d1 and d2 but sigma1 receptor
what is dopamine sigma 1 receptor associated with
related to sensations
where is the sigma 1 receptor found
the insula
DMT is a SNDRA what does this mean
Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent
2 sites of action for dopamine?
amygdala and insula
what does stage 1 of dopamine agonism from DMT cause (what effect?)
auditory hallucinations
• crackling/extending tone that increases in
volume and pitch
what does stage 2 of dopamine agonism from DMT cause (what effect?)
Feels like being in a waiting room: suspense
is the waiting room experienced physically and psychologically
physical fear response= increased heart rate
Psychological “startle” response (slow-motion, waiting, loss of time)
what NT is in stage 3
seretonin
where does seretonin stage 3 occur
PFC
what 2 seretonin receptors
(5-HT2A, 5-HT2C)
what do we know 5HT 2a is involved in from LSD
visual halluciations
what is 5HT2c agonism effect
very specific illusion: “DMT Hyperspace” “Other side”= “Machine Elves”
do they communicate with the machine elves
yes (not saying anything but I can understand them)
T: presence of humanoid-like, half organic half technological beings
machine elves
how do we usually expect DMT to be intook
synthesized tab
T: version of powerdered DMT bark
snuff or Virola
2 intake methods?
inhalation and injection
can it be ingested
yes but MAO breaks all the active ingredients down
where does MAO break down DMT when consumed orally
deactivates/breaks down DMT molecule in Liver
how can you have a DMT trip orally then?
ayahuasca
T: brew which includes plant-derived DMT, and
harmine/ harmaline/ tetrahydroharmine
ayahuasca
Aya contains DMT and one of 3
haramine/ harmaline/ tetrahydroharamine (basicallys MAOI)
is a DMT or Aya trip longer
aya = 3-6 hours
aya has a similar experience to … but more intense
psilocybin
is aya more intense than LSD
no less then LSD but may include synasthesia
side effect of aya?
intense vomiting/diarrhea
T: intense vomiting/diarrhea
la purga
what causes la purga
toxicity or from other things in the brew (stress response)
is there any dietary restriction after taking aya due to effects on MAO enzymes
no only acts on MAO-A
aya is a chemical
f DMT is aya is the brew
LSD and mescaline does what to 5HT2A receptors
decreases
what happens to 5HT2A with DMT
no decrease= no tolerance
why is there no receptor down regulation with DMT
length of time receptor is occupied (LSD long duration of action DMT shorter acting= tolerance in response to how long receptor is activated) body removes from cell surface sp they can’t be stimulated
is there tolerance in DMT
might be acute or none
what supports that there is no tolerance
lack of cross tolerance
in DMT the ….may interfere with perception of tolerance
Cycle of “high”
if you drop DMT then do LSD what will happen
you’ll still have all the effects of LSD
if you do LSD then drop DMT what will happen
you will not feel the DMT = DMT is less potent maybe also not strong enough to cause tolerance
is seretonin system prone to down regulation
NO DOES NOT LIKE TO DOWNREG
Any physical depednace with DMT
no
and psychological dep with DMT
in question Ayahuasca presents negative side-effects and religious
connotation but might find comfort with elves
is there any DMT addiction potential
no
T: Compared 40 ayahausca-sect adolescence and 40 age-, sex-, and education- and psychiatric symptomatology-matched controls
the Hoasca Project
what were the results of the Hoasca project
Ayahuasca-sect adolescence had 7x lower incidence of
anxiety, body dysmorphism, and attention problems
Low frequencies of psychiatric symptoms detected among adolescents consuming ayahuasca within a religious context may reflect a protective effect due to …
their religious affiliation (safe within a certain connotation)
DMT has therepudic uses in what type of therapy
Insight oriented psychotherapy
what areas of the brain does aya trigger
amygdala and PFC and insula
T: perceive reason and make decision
PFC
T: storehouse for early emotional memories
amygdala
T: bridge between emotional impulses and decision= where healing states generated making
Insula
why are traumas rooted in our brains
patterns in connections and reinforced by neural networks
how does ayauwaska effect ingrained patterns
hyperactivates entire brain region where we store and process emotional memory = enables conscious part of brain to override old patterns allowing new connections
schematizing
retell stories again and again
what do they usually give when people are retelling their stories
repynolol = blood pressure reducer
what is the point of giving people repynolol when telling traumatic stories
stunts emotion component allows them to cognitively asses the situation
3 thing DMT is used to treat through its cognitive and behavioural restructuring
PTSD, phobia, anxiety
is using DMT for treatment meant to cognitively or behaviourally restructure
both
T: cognitive restructuring based on logic
rationalization
2 thought DMT treats through providing therepudic insight
depression and addiction (remove Fears, beliefs, motives, desires that they were at fault are are still unsafe)
what the difference between affect and emotions
emotions is subjective affect is approach avoid= motivational
emotions/cognitions: which part of brain that DMT effects
insula
Affect - negative which part of brain that DMT effects
amygdala
DMT allows one to not experience the hard emotions of trauma
f do feel then do to amygdala but decouples it from emotions and Elicits multiplicity of perspectives/perceptions
DMT Hyperactivation allows for … synapse to form which allows for New/learned interpretation generally positive
Hebbian
