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Gross Ant > The neck > Flashcards

The neck Flashcards

1
Q

Platysma OINA

A

O- depresses mandible and tenses skin of lower face and neck

N- CN VII facial n; use to express sadness, horror, fright. Also used in violent deep inspirations

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2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid OINA

A

O- anterior manubrium and superior medial 1/3 of clavicle
I- lateral mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line
N- CN XI spinal accessory nerve
A- unilaterally: tilts head to its own side, rotates head; bilaterally- extends atlanto-occipital joint; flexes neck

  • Torticollis or Wry neck
  • occurs as a result of injury during breech presentations during child birth
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3
Q

Trapezius OINA

A

O- superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, spinous processes of C7-T12
I- lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
N- CN XI spinal accessory nerve
A- superior fibers extend (hyperextend) neck

Anterior & posterior triangles of neck

  • the sternocleidomastoid divides the side of neck into two triangle
  • swellings and other lesions of neck are described with reference to these cervical triangles
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4
Q

Splenius Capitis OINA

A

O- nuchal ligament and spinous process of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
I- mastoid process and nuchal line
N- posterior rami middle of cervical spinal nerves
A- laterally bends (flexes) and rotates head and neck to same side; acting together they extend the neck and the head.

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5
Q

Levator scapulae OINA

A 
O- transverse process of C1-C4
I- superior part of medial border of scapula
N- dorsal scapular nerve and C3 & C4
A- unilaterally flelxes neck laterally
   bilaterally extends/hyperextends neck
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6
Q

Posterior Scalene

A

O- transverse process of C4-C6
I- external border of 2nd rib
N- C7 & C8
A- flexes neck laterally’ elevates 2nd rib

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7
Q

middle scalene

A

O- transverse process of C3-C7
I- superior surface of 1st rib
N- anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve
A- flexes neck laterally; elevates 1st rib

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8
Q

anterior scalene

A

O- transverse process of C3-C6
I- 1st rib
N- C4-C6
A- elevates 1st rib; laterally flexes and rotates neck

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9
Q

digastric

A

O- anterior belly- inner surface of anterior mandible; posterior belly- mastoid notch (on medial surface of mastoid process on temporal bone)
I- intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid bone
N- anterior belly- CN V3 manidbular n; posterior belly- CN VII facial n.
A- depresses mandible, raises hyoid and steadies it during speaking and swallowing

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10
Q

mylohyoid

A

O- mylohyoid line of mandible
I- median Raphe and body of hyoid bone
N- CN V3 mandibular n
A- elevates hyoid, floor of mouth & tongue during swallowing & speaking

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11
Q

geniohyoid

A

O- inferior mental spine of mandible (deep to the mylohyoid)
I- body of hyoid bone
N- central ramus of C1
A- pulls hyoid bone anteriorly/superiorly’ shortens floor of mouth; widens pharynx

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12
Q

stylohyoid

A

O- styloid process of temporal bone
I- body of hyoid bone
N- CN VII facial nerve
A- elevates & retracts hyoid bone, thereby elongating mouth

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13
Q

sternohyoid

A

O- manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle
I- body of hyoid bone
N- C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis
A- depresses hyoid bone after it has been elevated during swallowing

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14
Q

Omohyoid

A

O- superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch
I- inferior border of hyoid bone
N- C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis
A- depresses, steadies, retracts hyoid bone

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15
Q

sternothyroid

A

O- posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
I- oblique line of thyroid cartilage
N- C2-C3 via ansa cervicalis
A- depresses thyoid cartilage

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16
Q

thyrohyoid

A

O- oblique line of thyroid cartilage
I- inferior body of greater horn of hyoid bone
N- C1 via hypoglossal nerve
A- depresses hyoid bone and elevates thyroid cartilage

17
Q

Longus Colli

A

O- anterior bodies of cervical & upper thoracic vertebrae
I- transverse processes of C3-C6
N- C2-C6
A- bilaterally flexes neck; unilaterally rotates neck

18
Q

longus capitis

A

O- occipital bone
I- transverse process of C3-C6
N- C1-C3
A- bilaterally flexes head; unilaterally rotates head

19
Q

Rectus capitus anterior

A

O- lateral mass of atlas
I- basilar part of occipital bone
N- C1& C2
A- flexes atlanto-occipital joint

20
Q

Rectus capitus lateralis

A

O- transverse process of atlas
I- lateral occipital bone
N- C1& C2
A- flexes atlanto-occipital joint; stabilizes the head

21
Q

Transverse ligament rupture on atlas C1 vertebrae

A
  • dens can be driven into spinal cord causing quadriplegia, or into medulla, causing sudden death.
  • transverse ligament of atlas connects to tubercles for transverse ligament of atlas
  • neck injuries are potentially serious because of possibility of fracture vertebrae, compression, or transection of cord and dislocations
22
Q

Hyoid bone function

A
  • to raise and lower larynx

- to provide stable platform for tongue

23
Q

cervical plexus

A
  • formed from ventral rami of C1-C5
  • is found deep to sternocleidomastoid
  • innervates: skin of neck, infrahyoid muscles, diaphragm
24
Q

Contents of carotid sheath

A
  1. internal jugular v.
  2. common carotid a.–> internal & external carotid aa.
  3. carotid sinus- monitors blood pressure
  4. carotid body- monitor oxygen
  5. vagus n.
  6. glossopharyngeal n.
25
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A
  1. stylohyoid
  2. digastric- posterior & anterior belly
  3. mylohyoid
  4. geniohyoid
26
Q

Trigeminal and facial nerve

A
  1. mandibular divison of trigeminal
    - anterior belly of digastric
    - mylohyoid
  2. facial nerve
    - posterior belly of digastric
    - stylohyoid
26
Q

Trigeminal and facial nerve

A
  1. mandibular divison of trigeminal
    - anterior belly of digastric
    - mylohyoid
  2. facial nerve
    - posterior belly of digastric
    - stylohyoid
27
Q

Infrahyoid muscles are?

A
  • they are called the strap muscles
    1. sternohyoid
    2. omohyoid
    3. sternothyroid
    4. thyrohyoid
27
Q

Infrahyoid muscles are?

A
  • they are called the strap muscles
    1. sternohyoid
    2. omohyoid
    3. sternothyroid
    4. thyrohyoid
  • all depress the hyoid bone and larynx
28
Q

skeleton of the larynx

9 cartilages

A
  1. thyroid
  2. cricoid
  3. epiglottic
  4. arytenoid (2)
  5. corniculate (2)
  6. cuneiform (2)
29
Q

Innervation of some hyoid muscles

A
  • 4 infrahyoid, 1 suprahyoid muscles innervated by cervical spinal nerves
  • C1: geniohyoid & thyrohyoid (superior muscles)
  • C2&C3: sternothyroid (inferior muscle)
  • C1-C3: are sternohyoid & omohyoid (cover largest distance)

Gross Ant (18 decks)

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