Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gross Ant > larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity > Flashcards

larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Overview of larynx

A
  • anterior of neck at level C3-C6
  • designed for voice production
  • connects pharynx with trachea
  • guards air passages and maintains a patent airway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Skeleton of Larynx

A
  • hyoid bone + 7 cartilages:
    1. thyoid
    2. cricoid
    3. epiglottis
    4. arytenoid (2)
    5. corniculate (2)
  • epiglottis folds over opening of larynx during swallowing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

arytenoid cartilage move in 3 ways:

A
  1. sliding on transverse axis
  2. sliding on anteroposterior axis
  3. rotating
    - vocal ligaments run from arytenoid cartilages to the thyroid cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 muscles of Larynx

A
  1. cricothyroid
  2. posterior cricoarytenoid
  3. lateral cricoarytenoid
  4. thyroarytenoid
  5. transverse and oblique arytenoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function and innvervation of lalryngeal muslces

A
  • function of laryngeal muscles: modulate voice and airflow
  • posterior cricoarytenoid is only mm. which ABDUCTs
  • innervation: vagus nerve (CNX)
  • exernal laryngeal br. of CN X to cricothyroid
  • recurrent laryngeal br. CN X to all others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve

A
  • may be injured due to inflammation or surgery on structures around it in the neck (thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus)
  • injury results in high-pitched, noisy respiration and breathy voice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The pharynx

A
  • Muscular tube that extends from base of cranium
  • to inferior border of cricoid cartilage (anteriorly) and inferior border of C6 (posteriorly)
  • conducts air to the larynx, trachea, and lungs (respiratory system)
  • part of the digestive system which pushes food into the esophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

parts of pharynx

A
  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
  3. laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oropharynx & Laryngppharynx

A

Oropharynx- communicates with oral cavity, nasopharynx, and laryngopharynx

Laryngopharynx- communicates with larynx (voicebox) and esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Muscles of soft palate

A
  1. tensor veli palatini- tenses palate; CN V3 mandibular nerve
  2. levator veli palatini- elevates palate; CN X vagus nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

tonsils

A
  • lymphatic tissue
  • 4 tonsils form a defensive ring around the naso/oropharynx
  • pharyngeal-superior
  • palatine- lateral
  • tubal-lateral
  • lingual- inferior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

muscles of pharynx external layer

A
  • superior, middle, inferior constrictors
  • constrictors wall of pharynx during swallowing
  • peristaltic wave
  • inferior constrictor muscle blends in with esophagus
  • innervated by vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

muscles of pharynx internal layer

A
  • palatopharyngeus
  • salpingopharyngeus
  • stylopharyngeus
  • elevates pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
  • innervated by vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
  • glossopharyngeal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Some innervation rules

A
  1. if tensor :CN V3
  2. if palato: CN X (unless rule 1 applies
  3. If glosso: CN XII (unless rule 2 applies)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stage I of deglutition

A
  • voluntary
  • food bolus pushed against palate via tongue
  • bolus squeezed into oropharynx via tongue and soft palate
  • tensor veli palatini: tenses soft palate, makes it rigid enough for the tongue to press against
  • styloglossus
  • palatoglosses: elevate tongue against palate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stage II of deglutition

A
  • involuntary
  • soft palate is elevated, sealing off the nasopharynx
  • levator veli palatini: elevates the palate
  • uvular: elevates the uvula
  • palatoglossus: elevates back of tongue to continue pushing bolus down the pharynx
  • pharynx is widened and shortened to receive food bolus
17
Q
  1. muscles that elevates pharynx

2. muscles that elevates larynx, protract hyoid bone

A
  1. pharynx elevated
    - palatopharyngeus
    - saloingopharyngeus
    - stylopharyngeus
  2. hyoid bone protracted, larynx elevated
    - geniohyoid
    - mylohyoid
18
Q

Stage III of deglutition

A
  • involuntary
  • sequential contraction of all three constrictor muscles forces food inferiorly into the esophagus
  • superior, middle, inferior constrictor
  • epiglottis closes the larynx:
    1. pressure of food against the epiglottis
    2. aryepiglottic m
    3. innvervated by vagus nerve
19
Q

bolus moves down esophagus via

A

peristaltic contraction

20
Q

Gag reflex (pharyngeal reflex

A
  • touching posterior 1/3 of tongue, soft palate, pharynx (general sensation transmitted in IX) elicits reflex
  • causes contraction of pharynx muscles (somatic motor innervated by X)
  • prevents anything from entering throat, prevents choking; can be used intentionally to produce vomiting
21
Q

lateral wall of nasal cavity

A
  • superior, middle, inferior nasal concha
  • increase surface area of nasal cavity
  • warms and moistens air as it enters the body
22
Q

nasolacrimal duct

A
  • begins at lacrimal foramen in the lacrimal bone

- ends underneath the inferior nasal concha

23
Q

paranasal sinuses

A
  • air pockets named for the bone that they’re in:
    1. frontal sinus
    2. ethmoid sinus
    3. sphenoid sinus
    4. maxillary sinus
  • they are all open to the nasal cavity which is a source of infection
  • maxillary sinuses are open behind the middle nasal concha
  • sphenoid sinus is open under superior nasal concha
  • sinusitis: infection and/or inflammation of any sinuses
  • be careful blowing your nose: forcing mucus into sinuses can have negative consequences

Gross Ant (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions